Bladder tissue engineering includes three components, namely cell scaffold, seeding cells and message factor. Seeding cells is essential to construct tissue engineering organs and is the native material of organ reconstruction. It is important to find a seeding cell which can not only provide excellent biocompatibility, but also can generate enough cells in work of organ reconstruction. At present, there are some commonly used seeding cells, for example, urinary bladder transitional epithelial cells,smooth muscle cells, coculture of smooth muscle cells and transitional epithelial cells, mesenchymal stem cells. Among the total,coculture of smooth muscle cells and transitional epithelial cells and mesenchymal stern cells are better than the others. The current problems of seeding cells are as follows: ①The mature cells that have been completely differentiated are limited in source and immunological rejection. ② The mature cells that have been completely differentiated during the differentiated only can generate in the limited passage culture procedure and they will age and die out of the passage maximum; in addition, the dedifferentiation also exists; ③further analysis should focus on the coculture of smooth muscle cells and transitional epithelial cells and mesenchymal stem cells into normal bladder.

Objective To analyze drug resistance data of Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium,submitted by member units of Chongqing bacterial drug resistance monitoring network,and to provide the basis for our city effective application of antimicrobial agents and the reference.Methods Target bacteria identification and drug susceptibility test were performed by member units,according to the national technology scheme of bacterial drug resistance monitoring network and the results were determined according to standards published by Clinic and Laboratory Standard Institute(CLSI) in 2015.WHONET5.6 software was used to analyze drug susceptibility,and drug resistance difference was analyzed by using SPSS21.0 software.Results A total of un-repeated 1 811 strains of Enterococcus faecalis and 1 601 strains of Enterococcus faecium,accounting for 13.1% of all positive strains.The resistant rates of the two kinds of bacteria to vancomycin were 0.5% and 1.8%,to rinathiazole amine were 2.5% and 0.5% respectively.Tigecycline resistant strains were not founded.The resistant rate of Enterococcus feaclis to ouinupristin/dalfopristin was 90.1%,to tetracycline was 78.8%,to high concentration of gentamicin was 43.0%,to penicillin,ampicillin and nitrofurantoin was less than 7%.Except ouinupristin/dalfopristin and tetracycline,the resistant rate of Enterococcus faecium to the other drugs were significantly higher than Enterococcus faecalis(P<0.05).Strains isolated from children and adult patients,Intensive Care Unit(ICU) and un-ICU patients were with differences of drug resistance(P<0.05).Conclusion Most of Enterococcus infection could be caused by Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium.Monitoring of drug resistance might be helpful for rational and effective usage of antimicrobial agents.

Objective:Cholangioduodenal reflux is still an unresolved problem in interposed jejunal choledochoduodenostomy (IJC) yet.To settle this problem,we designed IJC with distal suspending (IJCDS).Methods:IJCDS is to insert and suspend the distal end of the 25 cm-ling interposed jejunum to the duodenal cavity,which is about 2.5 cm long.The pressure of the biliary tract and the biochemical composition or the bile were measured during and after the operation and the results were compared.Barium meal and cholangiography through T tube were performed after the operation.Follow-up surveys were also done.Results:The pressure or the biliary tract decreased distinctively after the operation.Barium meals found no cholangioduodenal reflux although the patients had changed many postures.Cholangiography through T tube showed parisaltic or the interposed jejunum and the contrast medium was continuously pushed into the duodenum.Noreflux cholangitis and stone recurrence were found in the follow-up survey in 14 patients.Conclusion:IJCDS has the powerful function on preventing cholangioduodenal reflux.On the other hand,it avods the shortcomings of other reflux-preventing operative pattern.So it had the good prospect to extend its clinical usage.

13 2 mmol/L. Results:The incidence of diabetes in the treated group was 31 6% which was obviously less than 72 2% in control group ( P

OBJECTIVESr-HA, a new type of hydroxyapatite biomaterial, was implanted into animals to study the bioreaction and character, which would be helpful for the further clinical applications in the future.

METHODSTotally 24 rabbits were divided into 3 groups. The bone defect of 6 mm x 12 mm x 4 mm was made at both mandibular angles of rabbits and Sr-HA of different proportion (10%, 5%, 0) was applied to reform the defects. One group of animals were killed randomly at 1, 3 and 6 months after operation to evaluate the material biological compatibility using anatomic, X-ray examination, histological and ECT methods.

RESULTSThe histological photographs showed that Sr-HA caused little infection around implanted area and, almost was not repulsed by hosts. With the degradation of biomaterial, there was more apparent new bone growth in the area around Sr-HA than that around HA and some ossification can be found in soft tissue nearby. Also a tight osteointegrity was gradually got after the operation, according to the results of X-ray and, the border between Sr-HA and bone was hardly discovered at the 6th month after the operation. A more obvious nuclide assembling was observed at the side of Sr-HA by ECT images. With the biodegradation of Sr-HA, more new bone was intruded into the spare space of the biomaterial.

CONCLUSIONSr-HA has better biocompatibility and higher biodegradation than that of pure HA. It holds an excellent osteoinductivity and fair osteoconductivity to some degree too. So a more satisfying effect of bone defect rehabilitation was gained with the increasing new bone depositing in the free space of the material, when it degraded gradually.

Animals ; Biocompatible Materials ; Biodegradation, Environmental ; Bone Substitutes ; Hydroxyapatites ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Implants, Experimental ; Mandible ; surgery ; Osteogenesis ; physiology ; Rabbits ; Strontium ; chemistry ; pharmacology

Finite element stress analysis has been widely used in stomatology. In this article, we summarized the stress distributions of all-ceramic crowns, post crowns, fixed partial dentures and implant support fixed dentures; and with the use of finite element method, we investigated the stress levels of the periodontal ligament of abutment. The results showed: the tensile stress and compressive stress concentrated at the cervical margin of all-ceramic crown and post crown; the stress at the surface of the crown was the highest; the stress concentration exhibited at the connector of fixed parital denture, the molar was an ideal abutment tooth for the fixed bridge; the largest stress appeared around the neck of the implant abutment. These results have provided a theoretical basis for clinical dentistry in terms of restoration design and manufacture. It is suggested that clinical dentists should be careful to avoid the horizontal laoding applied on the prostheses so as to improve the resistance of abutment tooth to fracture.
Crowns ; trends ; Dental Stress Analysis ; Denture, Partial, Fixed ; trends ; Humans ; Principal Component Analysis ; Prosthodontics ; methods ; Tooth Preparation, Prosthodontic ; methods ; trends

The solvent extraction of rare earths with mixtures of di-( 2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid (D2EHPA,H2A2) and sec-nonylphenoxy acetic acid (CA100,H_2B_2) has been carried out. The separation abilities among rare earths were determined and compared with those with D_2EHPA alone. The mechanism of synergistic extraction of lanthanum was discussed. The methods of slope analysis and constant mole were used to examine the extraction stoichiometry. Effects of acidities,concentrations of extractants,and temperature on the extractabilities have been investigated. The results showed that the synergistic effects decrease with increasing atomic numbers of rare earths. At proper ratios of the extractants,the separation abilities of some rare earths with D2EHPA +CA100 were higher than those with D2EHPA alone,which may be applied to the separation of these rare earths. The extracted complex of lanthanum with D2EHPA + CA100 was determined as LaH5A6B2. The synergistic extraction is endothermically driven.

Objective To detect the levels of AKAP12 methylation by methylation‐specific high‐resolution melting curve(MS‐HRM ) in peripheral blood in patients with colorectal cancer and investigate its clinical significance .Methods We used MS‐HRM technology to detect the levels of AKAP12 methylation in peripheral blood in 60 lung cancer patients ,and analyzed the relationship between the levels of AKAP12 methylation and pathological parameters of lung cancer patients .Results 34(56 .7% ) of the 60 lung cancer patients were found to be methylated at the AKAP12 promoter region by MS‐HRM ,the methylation levels of 18 cases ranged between 1% -20% ,14 cases ranged between 20% -60% ,2 cases ranged between 60% -100% .There was no significant differences between the levels of AKAP12 methylation and lung cancer patients′age and gender(P>0 .05) .However ,it was signifi‐cantly higher in the patients with high pathological stage and differentiation degree (P<0 .05) .Conclusion AKAP12 promoter re‐gion methylation was related to tumor progression and malignant degree .

Objective To detect the selective inhibitory effects of irradiation plus adenovirusmediated horseradish peroxidase ( HRP)/indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) suicide gene system using tumorspecific and radio-inducible chimeric promoter on human hepatocellular carcinoma subcutaneously xenografted in nude mouse.MethodsRecombinant replicated-deficient adenovirus vector containing HRP gene and chimeric human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) promoter carrying 6 radioinducible CArG elements was constructed.A human subcutaneous transplanting hepatocellular carcinoma (MHCC97 cell line) model was treated with -γ-ray irradiation plus intra-tumor injections of adenoviral vector and intra-peritoneal injections of prodrug IAA.The change of tumor volume and tumor growth inhibiting rate,the survival time of nude mice,as well as histopathology of xenograft tumor and normal tissues were evaluated.Results Thirty one days after the treatment,the relative tumor volumes in the negative,adenovirus therapy,irradiation,and combination groups were 49.23 ± 4.55,27.71 :± 7.74,28.53 + 10.48 and 11.58 ± 3.23,respectively.There was a significantly statistical difference among them (F = 16.288,P ＜0.01 ).The inhibition effect in the combination group was strongest as compared with that in other groups,and its inhibition ratio was 76.5%.The survival period extended to 43 d in the combination group,which showed a significantly difference with that in the control group(x2 = 18.307 ,P ＜0.01 ).The area of tumors necrosis in the combination group was larger than that in the other groups,and the normal tissues showed no treatment-related toxic effect in all groups.However,multiple hepatocellular carcinoma metastases were observed in the liver in the control group,there were a few metastases in the monotherapy groups and no metastasis in the combination group.Conclusions Adenovirus-mediated suicide gene therapy plus radiotherapy dramatically could inhibit tumor growth and prolong median survival time.It might provide a promising therapeutic modality for hepatocellular carcinoma therapy.

aused by pulmonary cryptococcus infection.Conclusions CT-gnided ACNB was a feasible, safe and accurate method for diagnosing pulmonary lesions, pulmonary malignant lesions less than 20 mm in diameter and complicated with pulmonary maybe affect accuracy.