The solvent extraction of rare earths with mixtures of di-( 2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid (D2EHPA,H2A2) and sec-nonylphenoxy acetic acid (CA100,H_2B_2) has been carried out. The separation abilities among rare earths were determined and compared with those with D_2EHPA alone. The mechanism of synergistic extraction of lanthanum was discussed. The methods of slope analysis and constant mole were used to examine the extraction stoichiometry. Effects of acidities,concentrations of extractants,and temperature on the extractabilities have been investigated. The results showed that the synergistic effects decrease with increasing atomic numbers of rare earths. At proper ratios of the extractants,the separation abilities of some rare earths with D2EHPA +CA100 were higher than those with D2EHPA alone,which may be applied to the separation of these rare earths. The extracted complex of lanthanum with D2EHPA + CA100 was determined as LaH5A6B2. The synergistic extraction is endothermically driven.

Objective To assess the diagnostic value of magnetic source imaging(MSI) in the preoperative localization of focal cortical dysplasia(FCD). Methods Eighty-two patients with intractable epilepsy resulting from FCD undergone preoperative assessment including MSI, video electroencephalography(VEEG) and electrocorticography(ECoG)from February 2006 to June 2012.The consistency between pre- and intra-surgical assessment was evaluated. For patients who had consistent results,postoperative curative effect was also recorded. The accuracy and predictive values of noninvasive preoperative tests were compared by χ2 test. Results For MSI and ECoG, their results were consistent in 57 cases, partially consistent in 14 cases, and inconsistent in 11 cases. In the postoperative follow-up of 57 patients with consistent results, there were 46 cases with Engel class Ⅰ, 3 cases with Engel class Ⅱ, 4 cases with Engel class Ⅲ, and 4 cases with Engel class IV. For VEEG and ECoG, the results were consistent in 43 cases, partially consistent in 33 cases, inconsistent in 6 cases.The postoperative follow-up showed that 27 cases were graded as Engel classⅠ, 5 cases as Engel classⅡ,7 cases as Engel classⅢ, and 4 cases as Engel class IV. There were statistically significant differences(χ2=5.023,P=0.025)of the concordance rate with ECoG between MSI(69.51%,57/82)and VEEG(52.44%,43/82). In the postoperative follow-up of patients with consistent results, the curative effect was better in group MSI than in group VEEG (χ2=3.989,P=0.046). Conclusions Preoperativelocalization by MSI shows advantage over VEEG, which meanswhen it achieves an agreement with ECoG, patients with FCD may get better prognosis from the surgical process.

Objective To measure stress distribution of the main bone architecture of the normal adult cadaveric foot and discuss the effect of plantar ligament injury on stress distribution. Methods Seven fresh adult cadaveric feet were used and 10 strain gauges attached to the bones of the longitudinal foot arch,including the calcaneus,navicular,medial cuneiform,1-5 metatarsal trunk,the distal part of the tibia and fibular,respectively.After the loading Was added to 700 N by almighty test machine,resistance strainmeter was used to measure surface strain of these bones.The results were processed statistically. Results The strain was varied based on different bone segments attached and increased with loading.Tensile force was always found at the medial part of the navicular,the distal part of the tibia and fibular,while the others showed compression all the time.Peak strain was found at calcaneus.followed by the second and third metatarsal.Strain on the surface of the bone segments changed greatly with different ligament injury(P＜0.05).Conclusion The bone surface stress of the longitudinal foot arch changes significantly when the plantar ligament is injured.

Objective To investigate the clinical features and the prognosis after surgical treatment for hilar cholangiocarcinoma (HCC).Methods The surgical therapy and follow-up result were retrospectively analyzed on 98 cases of hilar cholangiocarcinoma admitted into our hospital from January 1995 to January 2005.Differences between groups were evaluated using Chi-square analysis or Student t-test according to the data type.Survival rate was calculated with Kaplan-Meier method,and using the log-rank test.Results Among 98 patients,83 patients underwent surgical treatment (radical resection in 33,palliative resection in 16,and nonresectional internal or external bile duct drainage in 34),15 patients underwent conservative therapy.The 1-,3-,5-year survival rates were 79％,42％,and 17％ in the resection group and 88％,54％,and 24％ in the radical resection group,respectively.The 1-,3-year survival rates were 55％,and 9％ in palliative resection group,respectively,and none of the patient survived for over 5 years.There were significant differences in the survival rate among the radical resection group and the palliative resection group (log-rank test,P ＜ 0.001).Conclusions Radical resection improves the prognosis of hilar cholangiocarcinoma.

Objectives It was constructed that the replication defective adenoviral vectors carried the short hairpin sequences of mouse SCP2.And we will make a further study of mechanism between SCP2 gene and cholesterol stone in gallbladder.Methods The short hairpin sequences of mouse SCP2 were cloned by two-step PCR,and connected together with the plasmid pDC312.The Admax Adenoviral Vector System was used to generate the replication defective adenoviral vectors,which were purified by CsCl method.The processes of TCID50 were applied to detect the titers of the adenoviral vectors.Furthermore,Protein levels of SCP2 were determined by Western blot analysis,and the levels of SCP2、CYP7A1、HMGCR mRNA from the hepa1-6 cell of mouse were measured by the usage of RT-PCR.Results SCP2mRNA and SCP2 protein were down-regulated by the replication defective adenoviral vectors carried the SCP2-shRNA.With the decreasing SCP2mRNA,the levels of HMGCRmRNA were down-regulated at same the time,while CYP7A1mRNA were up-regulated.Conclusions The replication defective adenoviral vectors carried SCP2-shRNA were constructed successfully.The lower levels of SCP2 could affect the activities of HMG-CoA reductase and CYP7-a enzyme,which caused the variations of cholesterol metabolism and then decreased the formation of cholesterol stone.

Objective To investigate the effects of the cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor (celecoxib) on angiogenesis and peritoneal function of uremic peritoneal dialysis rats.Methods Forty-eight male SD rats were selected,and they were randomly divided into five groups:normal control group(n =8),sham operation group(n =8),uremia group(5/6 nephrectomy,n =8),PD group [4.25％ PD solution,2 weeks PD model(n =8) and 4 weeks PD model(n =8)],PD + celecoxib intervention group[treated by celecoxib(20 mg/kg) via oral gavage,n =8].The peritoneum of uremic peritoneal dialysis rats was observed in different dialysis time from peritoneal structures,functions,peritoneal tissue capillary density (microvessel density,MVD) and COX-2,vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression level,and the impacts of celecoxib on uremic peritoneal dialysis rats peritoneal angiogenesis and peritoneal function were study.Results With the conduct of the peritoneal dialysis,peritoneal thickness increased,the inflammatory cells infiltrated,peritoneal equilibration test (PET) showed that ultrafiltration volume decreased significantly (P ＜ 0.05),the amount of glucose transport rate rised significantly (P ＜ 0.05),but the celecoxib could improve net ultrafiltration volume (P ＜ 0.05),and reduce the glucose transport rate (P ＜ 0.05).The peritoneal tissue MVD and COX-2,VEGF expression were significantly increased in uremia group and PD group compared with that in the normal control group (all P ＜ 0.05),were significantly lower in PD + Celecoxib intervention group than that in uremia group (P ＜ 0.05).The correlation analysis showed that the level of COX-2 protein expression with MVD,VEGF protein expression was positively correlated (both P ＜ 0.05),the level of VEGF protein expression and MVD was positively correlated (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions In vivo high glucose dialysate and uremia environmental can stimulate the COX-2 and VEGF expression raised,and the capillaries production increased in peritoneal tissue.Celecoxib can alleviate the change of peritoneal tissue morphology and function in long-term peritoneal dialysis rats.Celecoxib inhibits the peritoneal neovascularization of uremic peritoneal dialysis rats,possibly through inhibition of COX-2 expression to reduce the production of VEGF.

Objective To investigate the effects of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor on peritoneal lymphangiogenesis and peritoneum function in uremic rat.Methods Uremic rats treated by peritoneal dialysis were intragastric administration celecoxib.Structures of peritoneum,peritoneal function,peritoneal lymphatic vessel density (LVD) were detected in every group.The mRNA of vascular endothelial growth factor-C (VEGF-C),lymphatic vessel endothelial hyluronan receptor-1 (LYVE-1) and COX-2 were tested by RT-PCR.The protein expressions of LYVE-1,VEGF-C,COX-2 were tested by western blot.Results With the extension of the duration of dialysis,the peritoneum thickness was increasing,inflammatory cell infiltrated obviously,uhrafiltration volume decreased significantly.But the celecoxib could increase uhrafiltration volume and reduce the glucose transport rate(P ＜0.05).Compared with the normal group,the levels of LVD,COX-2,VEGF-C,and LYVE-1 mRNA and protein were significantly up-regulated in uremic and dialysis groups (P ＜0.05).Compared with the uremic dialysis group,the levels of LVD,COX-2,VEGFC and LYVE-1 mRNA and protein were significantly down-regulated in the celecoxib group.There was a positive correlation between COX-2 and VEGF-C,LVD in protein levels,as well as VEGF-C and LVD (all P values ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Hyper glucose dialysis solution and uremic condition could up-regulate the expression of COX-2,VEGF-C,LYVE-1 in gene and protein level and stimulate lymphangiogenesis.COX-2 inhibitor could delay the change of peritoneal structures and function.COX-2 inhibitor could prevem the lymphangiogenesis in uremic rat treated by peritoneal dialysis,which might down-regulate the expression of VEGF-C by COX-2 depended manner.

A method for determination of residues of 26 β2-agonists in pork liver was developed using high performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometric ( HPLC-MS/MS ) . After enzymatic hydrolysis with β-Glucuronidase/Arylsulfatase for 12 hours, the pH of sample solution was adjusted to 1 using perchloric acid for protein precipitation. The precipitate was extracted with 0. 1mol/L perchloric acid aqueous. The extracts in the above two steps were combined and adjusted to pH 4 for the solid phase extraction ( MCX) . And then the 26 β2-agonists residues in the extracts were separated on a reversed phase HPLC column using a gradient elution program of 0. 1% formic acid aqueous solution (A) and 0. 1% formic acid in acetonitrile solution ( B) . Multiple reaction monitoring ( MRM) with positive polarity was selected to monitor qualitative and quantitative ion. Based on the optimized method, 26 β2-agonists could be analyzed in 15 min. The recoveries ranged from 64 . 0% to 112 . 7% for the 26 kinds ofβ2-agonists residues with three spiked levels of 5, 10 and 20 μg/kg. The relative standard deviations ( RSDs) were less than 15. 2%. The limits of detection (LOD) for the 26 kinds of β2-agonists were 0. 15-1. 35 μg/kg.

The viewpoint of treating gallbladder and combinedtreatment of liver and gallbladder for liver diseasse isproposed and the therapeutic project of intravenousdrip of Mixture of Radix Bupleuri plus Radix SalviaeMiltiorrhizae is formulated.Sixty eases of chronic hep-atitis of damp—heat of liver—gallbladder with block-age of collaterals by stagnant blood were thus treated.Results revealed the relief of jaundice,decrease of en-zyme and inhibition of viral replication in treatinggroup are all better than the western drug controlgroup.

Objective To establish and analyze a mouse model of Staphylococcus aureus?induced arthritis ( Staphy?lococcus aureus septic arthritis, SA) , and provide an animal model for arthritis mechanism research and drug development. Methods Mice were immunosuppressed with cyclophosphamide, then intravenously inoculated with Staphylococcus au?reus. The gross characteristics of the joints were observed, the arthritis indexes were analyzed, and the pathological scores of the model mice were evaluated. Results From the first day after bacterial inoculation, the mouse joints were swollen. Pathological examination revealed lesions varying from mild and disarranged joint synovial hyperplasia to synovial thickening and intra?articular invasion, and increased neutrophil infiltration. Conclusions A mouse model of Staphylococcus aureus?induced arthritis is successfully established in this study. This model can be developed in a relatively short time, can not only simulate the clinical symptoms and signs and disease progression of human arthritis, but also to a certain extent reflects the etiology, infection and immunological mechanisms of human arthritis.