Objective To define the correlation between nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) cell radiosensitivity and gene mutation in the ATM/PI3K coding region. Methods The gene mutation in the ATM/PI3K region of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell lines which vary in radiosensitivity,was monitored by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT PCR) and fluorescence marked ddNTP cycle sequencing technique.Results No gene mutation was detected in the ATM/PI3K region of either CNE1 or CNE2.Conclusion Disparity in intrinsic radiosensitivity between different NPC cell lines depends on some other factors and mechanism without being related to ATM/PI3K mutations.

The study is designed to investigate if human interleukin 18 (hIL-18) cDNA expressed in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) cells could enhance the cytotoxicity of CD8+ T cells from the PBMC of the MFC-bearing patient and how to enhance it.Methods: A constructed eukaryotic expression vector for human IL-18 ,pcDNA3.1(-)/hIL-18, was used to transfect the NPC cell strain-SUNE cells. Then, the transfected SUNE cells were mix-cultured with CD8+ T cells which were separated from the PBMC of the patient with NPC, the cytotoxicity was measured by lactate dehydrogenase(LDH) releasing method, the expression for Perforin, Fas-L and Granzyme B were detected with the mix-cultures. Results: The eukaryotic expression vector could highly express hIL-18 in transfected SUNE cells and only traces of the protein exist in non-transfected SUNE cells. The concentration of hIL-18 in supernatant of the transfected SUNE cells was (85 ? 10) pg/ml, but less than 5 pg/ml of hIL-18 contained in supernatant of the non-transfected SUNE cells.The expression of hIL-18 in SUNE cells could enhance the cytotoxicity of CD8+ T cells from the NPC patient significantly( P

Epidermal stem cells (ESCs) play a critical role in homeostasis and wound repair of skin tissue. Since ESCs are rare (fewer than 10% in total basal cells population) and lack specific markers,it is difficult to isolate and identify them from keratinocytes. Currently ,isolation of ESCs was achieved mainly by fast adhesion of ESCs to extracelluar matrix or flow cytometry. Several specific markers have been found in recent years for the identification of ESCs.

Objective To assess the feasibility of nuclear matrix protein 22(NMP22)and urinary bladder cancer,antigen (UBC) for the early diagnosis of bladder transitional cell carcinoma and its influencing factors.Methotis 105 subjects,including 60 patients of bladder cancer,25 patients of urological benign disease and 20 normal (healthy)individuals were enrolled in this study.Urine NMP22 and UBC wag assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).Urine NMP22 and UBC as well as exfoliocytology were conducted for the purpose to compare the sensitivity,specificity,positive and negative predictive value of these three ways.Results The sensitivity of NMP22(88.3%)and UBC(86.7%)were significantly better than exfolioeytology(40.0%,P<0.01).The specificity of NMP22,UBC and exfoliocytology were 80.0%,84.0%and 92.0%,respectively, the positive predictive values were 91.4%,92.9%and 92.3%,and the negative predictive values were 74.1%.72.4%and 38.9%.Conclusions NMP22 and UBC are sensitive,specific,simple,feasible and noninvasive diagnostic markers for the early detection of urinary bladder transitional cell cancer.

Objective This aim of this study was to understand the distribution of pretreatment serum LDH in NPC of each radiotherapy-related typing,and its relationship with prognosis.Methods We collected the pretreatment data of LDH in 2 665 newly diagnosed NPC who underwent radical radiotherapy between January 1,2000 and December 31,2005 at Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center.Pretreatment serum LDH levels and survival analysis were analyzed in four kinds of radiotherapy-related typing of NPC.Results Distribution of radiotherapy-related types of 2 665 NPC were 74.6％ (1 987 cases),15.1％ (404 cases),8.6％ (229 cases),1.7％ (45 cases) for Types Ⅰ (no primary and regional recurrence and no distant metastasis),Ⅱ (primary or regional and no distant metastasis),ⅢⅡ (no primary and regional recurrence,and distant metastasis),Ⅳ (primary or regional recurrence,and distant metastasis),respectively.Increased LDH patients Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ,Ⅳ-type proportion were:9.6％ (191/1 987),15.8％ (64/404),18.8％ (43/229),35.6％ (16/45).274 cases of type Ⅲ and Ⅳ,there were 81 cases of liver metastasis,which increased LDH levels in 34 cases,accounted for 42％.Total follow-up rate was 95.2％.The OS,LRFS,and DMFS curves for the increased LDH level group and the normal LDH level group was significant (P =0.000,0.000,0.000).Further analysis showed that the above main difference caused by the type Ⅱ (P =0.000).Conclusions Pretreatment levels of serum LDH are associated with radiotherapyrelated typing of NPC,particularly associated with type Ⅲ and type Ⅳ liver metastasis.And mainly type Ⅱ has poor prognosis.

Objective To analyze clinical features and treatment results of primary non-Hodgkin lymphoma of bone (PLB) and further to investigate the rational treatment. Methods Clinical data of 26 patients with PLB were analyzed. Twenty-three (88.5 %) patients received radiotherapy in combination with chemotherapy, three received chemotherapy alone, and three patients also received surgical resection. Results The pathological types of lymphoma in the patients were diffused large B-cell iymphoma (DLBCL) in 15 patients (57.7 %), small B-cell lymphoma in 1 patient(3.8 %), B-cell lymphoma with unclassified subtypes in 4 patients (15.5 %), T-cell lymphoma in 5 patients (19.3 %,among which anaplastic large cell lymphoma in 3 patients), and unclassified lymphoma in one patient (3.8 %). Of the 26 cases of PLB, 15 were at stage Ⅰ, 3 at stage Ⅱ, 3 at stage Ⅲ and 5 at stage Ⅵ. The 3- and 5-year overall survival rates were 59.16 % and 31.37 %respectively. In the eleven patients who died of lymphoma, three had Iocol-regional relapse, and nine had systemically involved lymphoma. The radiation-induced bone fracture had not been observed after local radiotherapy with median dose of 50 Gy. Conclusion Pelvis maybe a common primary site of PLB, and DLBCL type are the most observed histological subtype. The optimal treatment for PLB is radiotherapy combined with chemotherapy. Local regional radiotherapy with median dose of 50 Gy can be safe and feasible.

Objective To investigate the influence of neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) on radiosensitivity and prognosis,the relationship between NLR and clinical features,and the clinical value of NLR in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC).Methods 2006 to 2011 in the cancer center of Zhongshan University admitted to the newly diagnosed nasopharyngeal cancer patients in 266 cases.The association of pretreatment NLR with radiotherapy doses 20,40,and 60 Gy and therapeutic effect at 3 months after radiotherapy was analyzed,as well as the influence of NLR on overall survival (OS),local recurrence-free (LRF),and distant metastasis-free (DMF) rates.The Kaplan-Meier method was used to calculate survival rates and the log-rank test was used for survival difference analysis.Results NLR showed differences across patients with different T stages and sexes (P=0.039,0.032).The patients with NLR≤3 had significantly higher OS,LRF,and DMF rates compared with those with NLR＞ 3 (P=0.004,0.025,0.045).As NLR increased,the radiosensitivity in patients with NPC was reduced gradually,and radiosensitivity showed a significant difference between sensitive group and moderately sensitive group (P=0.043).When the radiotherapy dose was 40 Gy,the tumor regression group had a lower NLR than the residual tumor group (P=0.025).Conclusions In patients with NPC,an increased pretreatment NLR is an adverse prognostic factor,and NLR can be used as a simple and convenient method to evaluate the prognosis of patients with NPC.

Objective Radiosensitivity is highly correlated with DNA doub le stra nd breaks(DSBs). The repair of human DSB is possible mainly through nonhomologou s DNA end joining(NHEJ)pathway. This study was designed to determine the relat ionship between expression of 70Ku/ 80Ku prot ein (a modulating subunit of DNA-PK, which is an important component in NHEJ pathway) and radiosensitivity of nasoph aryngeal carcinoma cell lines. Methods Radiosensitivity parameters of the nasoph aryngeal carcinoma cell lines were obtained by the colony forming assay and radi ation dose-survival curve was done by linear quadratic model. Western blot was p erformed to determine the expression of 70Ku and 80 Ku in total extract of CNE1 a nd CNE2 at baseline level、different time after 4?Gy irradiation、12 h after di ff erent doses of irradiation. To perform a semi-quantitated assay of protein expr e ssion, the optic density (OD) value of each band was estimated by automatic imag e analysis system. Results Surviving fraction of CNE1 was higher than those of CNE2 at each dose point. Mean inactivation dose was higher in the CNE1(2.35)t han that in the CNE2(1.11), but the quantity of 70Ku/ 80Ku in either cell line was similar at both baseline and postirradiation levels. Conclusions CNE2 is mo re radiaosensitive than CNE1; as there was no marked correlation observed betwee n the quantity of Ku protein and radiosensitivity of the nasopharyngeal carcinom a cell lines. X-irradiation cannot result in any change in total quantity of Ku protein.

Objective Combination of chemotherapy regimens and chemoradiotherapy to the curative effect of locally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma is unclear. The carcinoma radiotherapy adverse reaction and curative effect were investigated in nedaplatin plus fluorouracil in the same period radiotherapy(Group NF)compared with cisplatin(DDP)in the same period (Group DDP)in the treatment of locally advanced nasopharyngeal. Method Patients with locally advanced(ⅢandⅣB)nasopharyngeal carcinoma(NPC)in Sun yat?sen university cancer hospital were enrolled and divided into two groups:222 cases in the NF group and 165 cases in the DDP group. The adverse reaction,5?year progression?free survival(PFS)and overall survival(OS)for 5 years were evaluated in two groups. Results The 5?year PFS in the NF and DDP group was 85.13%and 82.42%,respectively, with no significant difference. The 5?year OS in the NF and DDP group was 85.58% and 82.42%,respectively, with no significant difference. The proportion of oral mucositis in the NF group was significantly lower than that in the DDP group. Conclusion Nedaplatin plus fluorouracil radiation therapy has similar curative effect ,adverse reaction with cisplatin plus the same radiation therapy in the treatment of locally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

Objective To study the expression and significance of proliferation cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) ,cyclin dependent ki‐nase 4(CDK4) and p16INK4a in nonneoplastic epithelial disorders of vulvar(NNEDV) and explore the correlation of them .Methods Fifty‐two vulvar lesion samples(lesion group) and 52 vulvar skin surrounding the lesions samples(lesion‐adjacent group) were col‐lected from NNEDV patients ,and lesion group include 27 samples with squamous hyperplasia of vulvar(VSH) ,15 samples with li‐chen sclerosus of vulvar(VLS) and 10 samples containing both lesions(mixed‐lesion) .25 vulvar skin samples were collected from patients receiving perineal repair operation as control group .The expression of PCNA ,CDK4 and p16INK4a was detected by immuno‐histochemistry assay .Results The expression of PCNA in lesion group was significant higher than those in lesion‐adjacent group and control group (P< 0 .05) ,while there was no significant differences among VSH ,VLS and mixed lesion ,and there was no sig‐nificant difference between lesion adjacent group and control group (P> 0 .05) .The expression of CDK4 in lesion group and lesion‐adjacent group were significant higher than that in control group (P < 0 .05) ,while there weren′t significant differences among VSH ,VLS and mixed‐lesion (P> 0 .05) ,and there was no significant difference between lesions group and lesion‐adjacent group (P> 0 .05) .The expression of p16INK4a in lesion group was significant lower than those in lesion‐adjacent group and control group (P< 0 .05) ,while there was no significant differences among VSH ,VLS and mixed‐lesion (P> 0 .05) ,and there was no significant difference between lesion‐adjacent group and control group (P> 0 .05) .About PCNA and CDK4 ,there was a positive correlation in lesion group (P< 0 .05) and there were no correlations in other groups (P> 0 .05) .About PCNA and p16INK4a ,there was a negative correlation in lesion group (P< 0 .05) and there were no correlations in other groups (P > 0 .05) .About CDK4 and p16INK4a ,there were no correlations in all groups (P> 0 .05) .Conclusion expression of PCNA ,CDK4 and p16INK4a may be related of abnormal in‐creasing of cell proliferation and acceleration the process of cell cycle ,which may be applied to molecular target for treatment .