BACKGROUND:Bipolar femoral head prosthesis has achieved the desired repair effect in patients with femoral neck fracture, but there is stil much controversy on the biomechanical properties of bipolar artificial femoral head prosthesis. OBJECTIVE:To compare biomechanical properties of the bipolar femoral head prosthesis replacement and internal fixation in the repair of femoral neck fracture in the elderly. METHODS:Twenty-three (46 sides) senile femoral neck fracture specimens were analyzed and randomized into internal fixation group(n=23)and bipolar femoral head prosthesis replacement group (n=23). Specimens in the internal fixation group underwent conventional metal implant fixation. Specimens in the bipolar femoral head prosthesis replacement group underwent bipolar femoral head prosthesis replacement. Mechanical properties of femoral prosthesis stem were tested on universal testing machine. Biomechanical properties after bipolar femoral head prosthesis replacement and internal fixation were compared. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1) The maximum loadwassignificantly higher in the bipolar femoral head prosthesis replacement group than in the internal fixation group (P< 0.05). The maximum load trend images showed that the maximum load was significantly higher in the bipolar femoral head prosthesis replacement group than in the internal fixation group (P< 0.05). (2) The displacement in axial pul test was significantly shorter in the bipolar femoral head prosthesis replacement group than in theinternal fixation group (P< 0.05). The displacement trend images exhibited that the displacement in axial pul test was significantly shorter in the bipolar femoral head prosthesis replacement group than in the internal fixation group (P< 0.05). (3) These findings suggest that compared with the implant, bipolar femoral head prosthesis replacement in the repair of femoral neck fracture in the elderly is more stable, has better repair effects, can elevate hip function and obtain good initial stability.

Antigen Rv2628 of Mycobacterium tuberculosis is associated with latent tuberculosis infection. In this study, Rv2628 was prokaryotic expressed and purified, its immunological characteristics was evaluated with macrophage cell line RAW264.7 and BALB/c mice. The results show that Rv2628 was mainly expressed in form of inclusion body confirmed by SDS-PAGE, and could react with rabbit anti-H37Rv polyclonal antibody detected by Western blotting assay, indicating that the protein had an effective immunoreactivity. The interactions between Rv2628 and macrophage cell line RAW264.7 confirmed that it could effectively induce cells to produce pro-inflammatory cytokines, the relative expression level of IL-6 mRNA was higher than the control group in 1-12 h. BALB/c mice were subcutaneously immunized with Rv2628 protein, the production of IFN-gamma and IL-4 in the spleen cells was determined by Sandwich ELISA, in the Rv2628 immunized group, the level of IFN-gamma was significantly higher than that of IL-4 (P < 0.000 1). It indicated the protein induced Th1-tendency immune responses. At the same time, Rv2628(11-30) peptide used as coating antigen, the murine serum antibody titer detected by indirect-ELISA was 1:1 600, which demonstrated that Rv2628 could also induce humoral immune responses. In summary, Rv2628 could induce specific pro-inflammatory cytokines, affectively induce strongly Th1-tendency immune response and humoral response, it could be a potential target for developing subunit vaccine against TB. In addition, it laid foundation for probing the cross-talk between M. tb and host.
Animals ; Antibodies, Bacterial ; blood ; Antigens, Bacterial ; immunology ; Cell Line ; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel ; Interferon-gamma ; immunology ; Interleukin-4 ; immunology ; Interleukin-6 ; immunology ; Macrophages ; immunology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mycobacterium tuberculosis ; Th1 Cells ; immunology ; Tuberculosis ; immunology

According to the current situation of biochemistry teaching and the theoretical characteristics of constructivism,the necessity and feasibility of applying constructivism to the biochemistry teaching were analyzed.Consequently,the implementation strategies of constructivism theory in the process of biochemistry teaching were introduced in detail.Through the reasonable choice of teaching content and the optimal combination of various teaching methods,it was helpful not only to realize the student-centered active construction of knowledge,but also to improve the comprehensive quality of students.At last,we performed a dialectical thought on the constructivism theory.In the concrete teaching practice,the different teaching theories should be used rationally and comprehensively based on the actual situation to improve the teaching quality of biochemistry.

PURPOSE: The incidence and mortality of breast cancer is increasing worldwide. There is a constant quest to understand the underlying molecular biology of breast cancer so as to plan better treatment options. The purpose of the current study was to characterize the expression of histone deacetylases-3 (HDAC3), a member of class I HDACs, and assess the clinical significance of HDAC3 in breast cancer. METHODS: Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, immunohistochemistry, and western blot analysis were used to examine messenger RNA and protein expression levels. The relationships between HDAC3 expression and clinicopathological variables were analyzed. MTT assays were used to detect cell proliferation. Glucose-uptake, lactate, adenosine triphosphate, and lactate dehydrogenase assays were employed to detect aerobic glycolysis. Chromatin immunoprecipitation was used to detect microRNA-31 (miR-31) promoter binding. RESULTS: Our data revealed that HDAC3 was upregulated in breast cancer tissue compared with matched para-carcinoma tissues, and high levels of HDAC3 were positively correlated with advanced TNM stage and N stage of cancer. Furthermore, overexpression of HDAC3 promoted breast cancer cell-proliferation and aerobic glycolysis. The functional involvement of HDAC3 was related in part to the repression of miR-31 transcription via decreased histone H3 acetylation at lysine K9 levels of the miR-31 promoter. Survival analysis revealed that the level of HDAC3 was an independent prognostic factor for breast cancer patients. CONCLUSION: Our findings revealed that HDAC3 served as an oncogene that could promote cell proliferation and aerobic glycolysis and was predictive of a poor prognosis in breast cancer. HDAC3 participated in the cell proliferation of breast cancer, which may prove to be a pivotal epigenetic target against this devastating disease.
Acetylation ; Adenosine Triphosphate ; Blotting, Western ; Breast Neoplasms* ; Breast* ; Cell Proliferation* ; Chromatin Immunoprecipitation ; Epigenomics ; Glycolysis* ; Histone Code ; Histones* ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Incidence ; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase ; Lactic Acid ; Lysine ; Molecular Biology ; Mortality ; Oncogenes ; Prognosis* ; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Repression, Psychology ; RNA, Messenger

Objective To analyze the burden and trends of esophageal cancer in China from 1990 to 2021,and compare them with Japan and South Korea.Methods Based on the global burden of disease 2021 database,the incidence,mortality,and disability-adjusted life years(DALYs)of esophageal cancer and the corresponding age-standardized rates in China from 1990 to 2021 were analyzed and descriptively studied according to different ages and genders,and compared with Japan and South Korea.The estimated annual percentage change and relative variation were used to evaluate the trend of the burden of esophageal cancer.Four risk factors,including smoking,alcohol consumption,low-vegetable diet,and chewing tobacco,were included and the proportions of esophageal cancer DALYs and death burden attributable to each risk factor were analyzed.Breakdown analysis method was used to analyze the contribution of population growth,population aging,and epidemiological changes to the incidence of esophageal cancer.The age-period-cohort model was used to analyze the effect trends of age,period,and birth cohort on the incidence of esophageal cancer.Pearson correlation analysis was used to evaluate the correlation between age-standardized DALYs rate and socio-demographic index(SDI).The number of incident cases and age-standardized incidence rate(ASIR)of esophageal cancer in China over the subsequent 20 years were predicted by autoregressive integrated moving average model.Results In 2021,the number of incident cases,number of deaths,and DALYs of esophageal cancer in China were 320 805,296 443 and 6 898 666,respectively,with increases of 54.61%,40.61%,and 17.88%over 1990.In 2021,the ASIR,age-standardized mortality(ASMR),and age-standardized DALYs rate of esophageal cancer in China were 15.04/100 000,14.13/100 000,and 317.18/100 000,respectively,which were higher than those in Japan(6.22/100 000,3.81/100 000,and 84.34/100 000,respectively)and South Korea(3.52/100 000,2.29/100 000,and 50.15/100 000,respectively).The burden of esophageal cancer in males was higher than that in females in the 3 countries.In 2021,smoking and alcohol consumption were the 2 major risk factors for esophageal cancer death in China;the increase in the number of incident cases was mainly caused by population growth and population aging.In addition,the ASIR of esophageal cancer in China increased with age,peaking at 85-89 years old.From 1990 to 2021,SDI was negatively correlated with age-standardized DALYs rate of esophageal cancer in China,Japan,and South Korea.It was predicted that by 2041,the ASIR of esophageal cancer in China would continue to decrease to 9.14/100 000,but the number of incident cases would increase to 398 200.Conclusion The burden of esophageal cancer in China remains substantial.In the future,it will be crucial to strengthen the prevention and control of risk factors such as smoking and alcohol consumption.Additionally,efforts should be made to promote early screening,diagnosis,and treatment,particularly among high-risk populations.

Background::Evaluating the impact of digestive system diseases is vital for devising effective prevention strategies. However, comprehensive reports on the burden of digestive system diseases in China are lacking. Our study aimed to provide an overview of the burden and trends of digestive system diseases from 1990 to 2019 in China and its provinces.Methods::This cross-sectional study utilized the Global Disease Burden Study 2019 to estimate the incidence, mortality rate, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), years of life disability, years of life lost, and changes in the burden of digestive diseases across Chinese provinces from 1990 to 2019. The analysis of disease burden primarily examines the characteristics of sub-disease distribution, time trends, age distribution, and sex distribution. Additionally, we compared provincial age-standardized DALYs for digestive diseases with the expected rates based on the socio-demographic index (SDI).Results::In 2019, there were 499.2 million cases of digestive system diseases in China, resulting in 1,557,310 deaths. Stomach cancer, colon and rectal cancer, and esophageal cancer are the top three diseases associated with mortality and DALY related to digestive system diseases. Meanwhile, cirrhosis and other chronic liver diseases, gastroesophageal reflux disease, and gallbladder and biliary diseases are the top three kinds of diseases with the highest prevalence among digestive system diseases. The risk of gastric cancer sharply increases among men after the age of 40 years, leading to a significant disparity in burden between men and women. As the SDI increased, the DALYs associated with digestive system diseases in China and its provinces showed a downward trend.Conclusion::Our study highlights the inverse correlation between DALYs associated with digestive system diseases and the SDI.

Purpose To investigate the reproducibility and risk factors of aortic distensibility quantification in patients with abdominal aortic aneurysm using multi-slice spiral CT.Materials and Methods The abdominal aortic computed tomography angiography data of 54 patients with infrarenal abdominal aortic aneurysm were prospectively studied.64-muti detector spiral CT,retrospective ECG-gating and segment data collecting scanning were all carried out.The aortic distensibility,D value,and pulse wave velocity at renal artery level and infrarenal artery level were calculated using semiautomatic segmentation software.The difference of aortic distensibility at different levels was compared,and consistency test was performed.Results The D value at renal artery level and infrarenal artery level of abdominal aortic aneurysm was (1.05 ±0.22)×10-5/Pa and (0.49± 0.18)× 10-5/Pa,respectively;and the corresponding pulse wave velocity was (9.68± 1.09) m/s and (14.96 ±4.01) m/s,respectively.The intraclass correlation coefficient of intra-and interobserver at renal level was 0.92 and 0.79,while it was 0.85 and 0.79 at inffa level.The Bland-Altman graph showed that the vast majority of points were within the 95％ CI,the difference of intraobserver between the two positions was 0.017×105/pa and 0.010×10-5/Pa,and the difference of interobserver was 0.013×105/Pa and 0.018×10-5/Pa.Multivariate analysis of all these variables showed aortic distensibility to be independently correlated to body mass index,pulse pressure,diastolic pressure and abdominal aortic aneurysm diameter (R2=0.68).Conclusion The quantification of aortic distensibility using multi-slice spiral in patients with abdominal aortic aneurysm shows high stability.Taking into consideration of the relationship between different risk factors and the incidence of abdominal aortic aneurysm can lead to a better clinical approach.

Autophagy is a highly conserved cellular degradation pathway that degrades lipid droplets through a process called"lipophagy".Lipophagy can selectively recognize lipid substances and degrade them,promoting β oxidation and thereby maintaining the balance of intracellular lipid metabolism.The liver regulates lipid droplet metabolism through lipophagy signaling pathways or key molecules,thereby alleviating hepatic steatosis and improving nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD).This article reviews the latest advances in the degradation of hepatic lipid droplets through the three autophagic pathways of macroautophagy,molecular chaperone-mediated autophagy,and microautophagy.The major signaling pathways of AMPK/mTOR-ULK1,ATGL-SIRT1,FGF21-JMJD3,and Akt are involved in the regulation of the lipophagy process and help to maintain the homeostasis of lipid metabolism in the liver,so as to provide new ideas for clinical prevention and treatment of NAFLD.

BACKGROUNDHow the transcriptional factors regulated the innate and adaptive immune system in pregnancy and pre-eclampsia are less understood. Nevertheless, what the plasma work in the development of this disease was not sure. The present study was design to evaluate what the transcriptional factors change in innate and adaptive immune system and what the plasma do in this filed.

METHODSPeripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from non-pregnant women (n = 18), women with clinically normal pregnancies (n = 23) and women with pre-eclampsia (n = 20) were separated from peripheral blood to isolate monocytes and T cells. The purity of monocytes and T cells were analysed by flow cytometry. Monocytes and T cells were stimulated in either lipopolysaccharides (LPS) or phorbol-myristate-acetate (PMA), respectively. Transcription Factor Arrays were used to screen the transcription factors of interest in comparing of different groups. PBMC were isolated from another 8 non-pregnant samples were co-incubated with different groups of plasma. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed using whole cell extractions of the samples.

RESULTSNuclear factor of activated T-cells-1 (NFAT-1), signal transducers and activators of transcription-1 (STAT-1) and activator protein-1 (AP-1) are up-regulated in monocytes in pregnancy and more so in pre-eclampsia. On the the contrary, NFAT-1, STAT-1 and AP-1 are down-regulated in T cells in pregnancy and more so in pre-eclampsia. A reduction was observed in interferon (IFN)-γ, interleukin (IL)-12 and IL-4 expression in T cells incubated with pre-eclamptic plasma. An elevation was observed in tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, IL-1 and IL-12 expression in monocytes incubated with pre-eclamptic plasma.

CONCLUSIONSInnate immunity is over activated and adaptive immunity is over suppressed in the development of pre-eclampsia. NFAT-1, STAT-1 and AP-1 might be the central transcription factors in the pathogenesis of pre-eclampsia. They induced some changes in plasma and "educate" the monocytes and T cells for relevant cytokine production. Successful completion of this study will enhance our understanding of pre-eclampsia and will discover new knowledge beyond pregnancy. The work will inform future therapies for the treatment of a wide range of condition such as transplantation immunology and a wide range of immune and inflammatory conditions.

Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Immunity, Innate ; physiology ; Interferon-gamma ; metabolism ; Interleukin-12 ; metabolism ; Interleukin-4 ; metabolism ; Leukocytes, Mononuclear ; metabolism ; Male ; NFATC Transcription Factors ; genetics ; metabolism ; Pre-Eclampsia ; immunology ; metabolism ; Pregnancy ; STAT1 Transcription Factor ; genetics ; metabolism ; Transcription Factor AP-1 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Transcription Factors ; genetics ; metabolism ; Young Adult

Nearly a quarter of the world's population is infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis and remains long-term asymptomatic infection. Rv2626c is a latent infection-related protein regulated by DosR of M. tuberculosis. In this study, the Rv2626c protein was prokaryotically expressed and purified, and its immunobiological characteristics were analyzed using RAW264.7 cells and mice as infection models. SDS-PAGE and Western blotting analysis showed that the Rv2626c-His fusion protein was mainly expressed in soluble form and specifically reacted with the rabbit anti-H37RV polyclonal serum. In addition, we found that the Rv2626c protein bound to the surface of RAW264.7 macrophages and up-regulated the production of NO. Moreover, the Rv2626c protein significantly induced the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-6 and MCP-1, and induced strong Th1-tendency immune response. These results may help to reveal the pathogenic mechanism of M. tuberculosis and facilitate the development of new tuberculosis vaccine.
Animals ; Mice ; Rabbits ; Mycobacterium tuberculosis/genetics* ; Tuberculosis ; Antigens, Bacterial ; Cytokines ; Immunity, Cellular