The Systemic Theory of Shaoyang, Sanjiao and Moyuan aimed to apply systemic complex research method to expose the same half superficial and half inside syndrome, the same harmony method. On the systemic level for the same type of evidence, to explore different space disease spot of half superficial and half inside syndrome of Shaoyang, Sanjiao and Moyuan; the treatment principle, different harmonizing Shaoyang and gallbladder, cut away in purgation Sanjiao, dredge for penetration-pleurodiaphragmatie interspace. On the systemic level of differentiating signs for difference of the formulae of Xiaochaihu Decoction, Haoqin Qingdan Decoction, Xianbuling Wendan Decoction, Dayuanyin, inherit classics, develop the half superficial and half inside syndrome study of exogenous febrile disease, opening up thoughts of treatment based on differentiation of present globalization intensive epidemic diseases, as well as of TCM active and initiative in tervention.

The characteristics of the pathogenic summer-heat and the primary important element of the season time dimension present parallelism principle on the forming mechanisms of five supremacies principal syndromes of initial summer febrile disease and four clinical characteristics of pathogenic factor summer heat. To explore the characteristics and the five successive evolutive phases corresponding to five elements phase theory of season and seasonal periods is provided with decisive guiding effect of passing through overall situation in the course of treating heat diseases caused by exogenous pathogenic factor based on syndrome differentiation in terms of the syndrome recognizing,establishing therapy principle and selecting Chinese materia medica to from a formula.It also presents effective resources and thoughts used for reference on the "bird flu" of nowadays,influenza of the human being(epidemic) that is likely to break out and how to treat these super-variations of virus(pestilential qi) based on syndrome differentiation with traditional Chinese medicine.

Why the riddle of tri-jiao is discussed successively for thousands of years?Because it is too important,it is the formless original Qi,that has derivate relationship with materiality organs latently.The relationship is larger than the structural entity and function.The complex tri-jiao system arouses our highlight,exceeding the conformation anatomic entity of modern medicine;the research of systemic pleurodiaphragmatic interspace finds out the material tri-jiao structure.The structural levels of pleurodiaphragmatic interspaces and membranes:material structure of complex system of nine verticals,nine crossings,18 perverse-ring pleurodiaphragmatic interspaces and membranes.To further develop and set up unique structural levels of TCM human figure,the relationship structure and functional levels of tri-jiao membrane(9?9)?18m is of great importance connotation.

The Systemic Theory of Shaoyang,Sanjiao and pleurodiaphragmatic interspace aims to apply systemic complex research method,exposing the "half superficial and half inside syndrome" in "the same";"the same" takes harmony method.On the systemic level for the same type of evidence,to explore "different" space disease spot of half superficial and half inside syndrome of Shaoyang,Sanjiao and pleurodiaphragmatic interspace;the treatment principle,"different" harmonizing Shaoyang—gallbladder,cut away in purgation—Sanjiao,dredge for penetration--pleurodiaphragmatic interspace.On the systemic level of differentiating signs for difference of the formulae of Xiaochaihu Decoction,Haoqin Qingdan Decoction,Xianbuling Wendan Decoction,Dayuanyin,inherit classics,develop the "half superficial and half inside syndrome" study of exogenous febrile disease,opening up thoughts of treatment based on differentiation of present globalization intensive epidemic diseases,as well as of TCM active and initiative intervention.

TCM exopathy disease mechanism of "Sun Governing Cold Water,Taiyin Governing Wind Heat",and season time and machine-dimensional sequence are the high-end induction the sage facing nature-Qi function.Six channels,protection Qi nutrition blood and tri-jiao theory are based on awing nature and sky,earth and human being unified.The mechanism of Sun Governing Cold Water,Taiyin Governing Wind Heat is just directional system explaining TCM exopathy heat disease natural season time/machine-dimensional rule;2 branches of different natures are the thought model of occurrence of febrile,epidemic and acute infectious diseases.

Objective To investigate the prognostic value of platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR) for early virological response in Entecavir (ETV)-treated chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients with genotype C infection.Methods Ninety-one genotype C CHB patients with HBV DNA≥1×105 copies/mL were treated with ETV (0.5 mg/d) for 10-13 days.The correlation between PLR and viral load decline was evaluated by Pearson or Spearman's rank correlation coefficient.Stepwise linear regression analysis was used to establish the prediction model of virological response.Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to evaluate the predictive value of PLR for early virological response in ETV-treated patients with genotype C hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection.Results After 10-13 days of ETV treatment, HBV DNA decreased ≥1×lg copies/mL from baseline in 89 cases of the 91 patients, while HBV DNA declined ≥2×lg copies/mL in 65 patients and 4 patients achieved HBV DNA<500 copies/mL.HBV DNA decline was positively correlated with baseline PLR levels (r=0.235 09, P<0.05).After adjustment for age, gender, Hepatitis B e Antigen (HBeAg), and treatment days, HBV DNA decline was still positively correlated with baseline PLR levels (r=0.220 26, P<0.05).Area under curve (AUC) of prediction model including age , baseline aspartate transaminase (AST) and HBV DNA was 0.759 (95% CI : 0.660-0.859, P<0.01).After adding PLR to the prediction model, the AUC was 0.780 (95% CI: 0.685-0.875, P<0.01).Conclusions PLR is predictive to early virological response in ETV-treated CHB patients with genotype C infection.Higher baseline PLR level indicates a better virological response.PLR monitoring should be recommended in CHB patients with antiviral treatment in clinical practice.

In order to identify genes involved in floral transition and development of the orchid species, a full-length APETALA1/FRUITFULL-like (AP1/FUL-like) MADS box cDNA was cloned from Cymbidium faberi (C. faberi) sepals and designated as C. faberi APETALA1-like (CfAP11], JQ031272.1). The deduced amino acid sequence of CfAP11 shared 84% homology with a member of the AP1/FUL-like group of MADS box genes (AY927238.1, Dendrobium thyrsiflorum FUL-like MADS box protein 3 mRNA). Phylogenetic analysis shows that CfAP11 belonged to the AP1/FUL transcription factor subfamily. Bioinformatics analysis shows that the deduced protein had a MADS domain and a relatively conservative K region. The secondary structure of CfAP11 mainly consisted of alpha helices (58.97%), and the three-dimensional structure of the protein was similar to that of homologues in Roza hybrida, Oryza sativa and Narcissus tazetta. Real-time quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) results reveal low levels of its mRNA in roots, lower levels in leaves during reproductive period than vegetative period, and higher levels in pedicels at full-blossom stage than at bud stage. These results suggest that CfAP11 is involved in floral induction and floral development. Additionally, we observed higher levels of CfAP11 expression in pedicels and ovaries than in other tissues during full-blossom stage, which suggests that CfAP11 may also be involved in fruit formation in certain mechanism.
Amino Acid Sequence ; Cloning, Molecular ; Flowers ; genetics ; metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ; Genes, Plant ; MADS Domain Proteins ; genetics ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Orchidaceae ; genetics ; metabolism ; Plant Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Spatio-Temporal Analysis

Objective To study the therapeutic effect of bitter gourd saponins on salt-sensitive kidney injury induced by high salt diet and its possible mechanism.Methods 50 Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into normal group,model group and low-dose,middle-dose and high-dose treatment group after 10 days of adaptive feeding.Each group had 10 rats.Except the normal group,the other four groups were given high salt diet (4.0％ high salt diet) to induce salt-sensitive kidney damage in rats.The normal group and the model group were given 1.0 m/(kg · d) normal saline,and the three dosage groups of total saponins of balsam pear were given 10 mg/(kg · d),20 mg/(kg · d) and 40 mg/(kg · d) respectively.After 8 weeks of treatment,rats were sacrificed and collect the 24-hour proteinuria,creatinine.Serum creatinine,serum aldosterone,serum sodium and serum potassium were measured,and renal histopathology and the expression of podocin and nephrin were detected.Results Pathological examination of model group showed obvious glomerular sclerosis and renal interstitial fibrosis,and glomerular sclerosis in the treatment group was obviously improved by bitter gourd saponins;The systolic pressure in the model group was 170 mmHg,significantly higher than that of the normal and treatment groups,the systolic blood pressure of the treatment groups were obvious decreased when treated by bitter gourd saponins (P ＜ 0.05);Compared with normal group,serum creatinine and 24 h proteinuria / urine creatinine in model group were significantly increased (P ＜ 0.05),while creatinine clearance rate and aldosterone were significantly decreased (P ＜ 0.05),and the above indexes in bitter gourd saponins treatment group were significantly improved;Compared with the model group,the protein and mRNA expression of podocin and nephrin were significantly decreased (P ＜ 0.05),while the two indexes can be revered by bitter gourd saponins in treatment group (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions The bitter gourd saponins can significantly improve the symptoms of salt-induced hypertensive nephropathy in rats,which may be related with the expression of podocin and nephrin in renal tissue,thereby inhibiting glomerulosclerosis and improving renal interstitial fibrosis.

Objective:To investigate the prevalence of chronic constipation in maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients and analyze the risk factors of chronic constipation.Methods:Using the cross-sectional survey method, patients who received MHD in Huadu District People′s Hospital of Guangzhou from September 1, 2021 to September 30, 2021 were enrolled as the research objects. The patient′s demographic, general data and laboratory results were collected. The anxiety level and quality of life were assessed by questionnaires. The patients were divided into constipation group and non-constipation group according to whether they had chronic constipation. The Rome Ⅳ criteria was used to diagnose chronic constipation, and the differences of clinical data between the constipation group and the non-constipation group were compared. The risk factors of chronic constipation in MHD patients were analyzed by logistic regression analysis method.Results:A total of 321 MHD patients were enrolled in this study, with 168 males, 153 females and age of (59.5±13.4) years old (ranged from 29 to 87 years old). There were 160 patients (49.8%) with chronic constipation. The proportions of males, long dialysis age, taking sevelamer and lanthanum carbonate, diabetic nephropathy, and diabetes in the constipation group were higher than those in the non-constipation group, and the differences between the two groups were statistically significant (all P<0.05). The serum calcium, serum phosphorus, calcium-phosphorus product, anxiety scores, average weekly ultrafiltration volume/dry weight in the constipation group were significantly higher than those in the non-constipation group (all P<0.05), and the serum albumin, serum magnesium, urea clearance index (Kt/V) and geriatric nutritional risk index were significantly lower than those in the non-constipation group (all P<0.05). The results of logistic regression analysis showed that moderate to severe anxiety (moderate, OR=3.233, 95% CI 1.339-7.805, P=0.009; severe, OR=5.103, 95% CI 1.906-13.663, P=0.001), existed risk of nutrition (low risk, OR=3.705, 95% CI 1.440-9.533, P=0.007; moderate risk, OR=5.638, 95% CI 2.557-12.430, P<0.001; severe risk, OR=15.097, 95% CI 4.112-55.436, P<0.001), >60 years old (≤40 years old as a reference, OR=4.050, 95% CI 1.366-12.006, P=0.012), diabetes history ( OR=2.224, 95% CI 1.253-3.946, P=0.006), taking sevelamer ( OR=2.290, 95% CI 1.207-4.346, P=0.011), and calcium-phosphorus product ( OR=1.704, 95% CI 1.329-2.186, P<0.001), intact parathyroid hormone ( OR=1.013, 95% CI 1.003-1.022, P=0.007), blood urea nitrogen ( OR=1.092, 95% CI 1.002-1.189, P=0.045) and serum magnesium ( OR=0.042, 95% CI 0.006-0.294, P=0.001) were the independent influencing factors for chronic constipation in MHD patients. Conclusions:The prevalence of chronic constipation in MHD patients is 49.8%. Adequate dialysis, improving calcium and phosphorus metabolism, improving nutritional status, relieving anxiety, and increasing serum magnesium level may help to reduce the risk of chronic constipation in MHD patients.

Objective To study the protective effect of total trans retinoic acid (ATRA) on renal injury induced by ischemia-reperfusion in rats.Methods 24 Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were divided into 4 groups of (1) Normal control group,(2) Sham operation group,(3) Model group:the model of renal ischemia-reperfusion was established.(4) Retinoic acid treatment Group:ATRA were given by gavage for 7 consecutive days.The rats were killed 24 hours after the model,and the serum and renal tissue were collected.Serum creatinine,tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-αx) and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) levels,kidney biopsy,renal tubular score,renal damage and renal tissue apoptosis were detected.Results Compared with the model group,the serum creatinine level decreased and the creatinine clearance rate increased in ATRA treated group (P ＜ 0.05);the damage of renal tubular epithelial cells was alleviated in the pathological slices;and the apoptosis rate of renal tubular epithelial cells was decreased (P ＜ 0.05).Serum levels of TNF-α and IFN-γ decreased (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions ATRA can protect the renal ischemia-reperfusion injury through inhibiting inflammatory reaction and apoptosis.