A Human blood type antigen P1 with very high activity was separated from sheep hydatid cyst fluid. Determination of the antigen by ultraviolet spectrum, polyacrylamide electrophoresis, gel filtration, and determination of its carbohydrate content and aminoacid residue had indicated that the substance was a glycoprotein, its total carbohydrate content was 80％ about one-fifth of which was hexosamine, and other carbohydrate components were glucqse, galactose and glucosamine. Its protein consisted of 14 aminoacids, and its molecular weight was about 30000 Daltons. By immunizing the animals with this substance, the anti-P1 serum of high titer could be obtained. The successful extraction of this substance P1 with high activity would provide the abundant resource for reseach on human blood type antigen and its immunochemistry, and create the good conditions for studies in preparation and application of anti-P1 serum or monoclonal antibody toward P1.

Infective endocarditis(IE) is a kind of endocardial infection which cardiac intima is affected by some pathogens.Intravascular catheter,implantable artificial device and surgery are the common reasons for IE,congenital heart diseases and cardiac surgery are the main causes for IE in children.The incidence of infective endocarditis is high and case fatality rate is as high as 20％.The dominant pathogen of IE is gram-positive bacteria.Modified Duke standard is the gold standard in the diagnosis of IE,some other imaging evidence and new laboratory tests and biomarkers for diagnosis of IE have improved the sensitivity of the diagnostic criteria.Good oral hygiene and regular dental check are the most effective prevention measures.The idea ofendocarditis management team in the newest guidelines on IE requires muhidisciplinary experts to participate in diagnosis and treatment of IE.Individualized treatment is the best way to improve the patients survival rate.

The Systemic Theory of Shaoyang, Sanjiao and Moyuan aimed to apply systemic complex research method to expose the same half superficial and half inside syndrome, the same harmony method. On the systemic level for the same type of evidence, to explore different space disease spot of half superficial and half inside syndrome of Shaoyang, Sanjiao and Moyuan; the treatment principle, different harmonizing Shaoyang and gallbladder, cut away in purgation Sanjiao, dredge for penetration-pleurodiaphragmatie interspace. On the systemic level of differentiating signs for difference of the formulae of Xiaochaihu Decoction, Haoqin Qingdan Decoction, Xianbuling Wendan Decoction, Dayuanyin, inherit classics, develop the half superficial and half inside syndrome study of exogenous febrile disease, opening up thoughts of treatment based on differentiation of present globalization intensive epidemic diseases, as well as of TCM active and initiative in tervention.

The characteristics of the pathogenic summer-heat and the primary important element of the season time dimension present parallelism principle on the forming mechanisms of five supremacies principal syndromes of initial summer febrile disease and four clinical characteristics of pathogenic factor summer heat. To explore the characteristics and the five successive evolutive phases corresponding to five elements phase theory of season and seasonal periods is provided with decisive guiding effect of passing through overall situation in the course of treating heat diseases caused by exogenous pathogenic factor based on syndrome differentiation in terms of the syndrome recognizing,establishing therapy principle and selecting Chinese materia medica to from a formula.It also presents effective resources and thoughts used for reference on the "bird flu" of nowadays,influenza of the human being(epidemic) that is likely to break out and how to treat these super-variations of virus(pestilential qi) based on syndrome differentiation with traditional Chinese medicine.

Why the riddle of tri-jiao is discussed successively for thousands of years?Because it is too important,it is the formless original Qi,that has derivate relationship with materiality organs latently.The relationship is larger than the structural entity and function.The complex tri-jiao system arouses our highlight,exceeding the conformation anatomic entity of modern medicine;the research of systemic pleurodiaphragmatic interspace finds out the material tri-jiao structure.The structural levels of pleurodiaphragmatic interspaces and membranes:material structure of complex system of nine verticals,nine crossings,18 perverse-ring pleurodiaphragmatic interspaces and membranes.To further develop and set up unique structural levels of TCM human figure,the relationship structure and functional levels of tri-jiao membrane(9?9)?18m is of great importance connotation.

The Systemic Theory of Shaoyang,Sanjiao and pleurodiaphragmatic interspace aims to apply systemic complex research method,exposing the "half superficial and half inside syndrome" in "the same";"the same" takes harmony method.On the systemic level for the same type of evidence,to explore "different" space disease spot of half superficial and half inside syndrome of Shaoyang,Sanjiao and pleurodiaphragmatic interspace;the treatment principle,"different" harmonizing Shaoyang—gallbladder,cut away in purgation—Sanjiao,dredge for penetration--pleurodiaphragmatic interspace.On the systemic level of differentiating signs for difference of the formulae of Xiaochaihu Decoction,Haoqin Qingdan Decoction,Xianbuling Wendan Decoction,Dayuanyin,inherit classics,develop the "half superficial and half inside syndrome" study of exogenous febrile disease,opening up thoughts of treatment based on differentiation of present globalization intensive epidemic diseases,as well as of TCM active and initiative intervention.

TCM exopathy disease mechanism of "Sun Governing Cold Water,Taiyin Governing Wind Heat",and season time and machine-dimensional sequence are the high-end induction the sage facing nature-Qi function.Six channels,protection Qi nutrition blood and tri-jiao theory are based on awing nature and sky,earth and human being unified.The mechanism of Sun Governing Cold Water,Taiyin Governing Wind Heat is just directional system explaining TCM exopathy heat disease natural season time/machine-dimensional rule;2 branches of different natures are the thought model of occurrence of febrile,epidemic and acute infectious diseases.

Thyroid carcinomas are the most common endocrine malignancies,and the overwhelming majority of them is differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC).The major therapies of DTCs are surgical resection,thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) inhibitory treatment and iodine radioisotope (131I) treatment.131I has been widely applied for the diagnosis and treatment of DTC,however,part of these patients may reduce or loss the uptake capacity of 131I owing to the alteration of sodium-iodide symporter gene,BRAF,paired box 8,microRNA and cytokeratin 19.These genes are particularly important in the treatment of DTC,which can be used as biomarkers in the treatment efficacy evaluation.

With the inappropriate use of antibiotics, the situation of bacterial resistance is more and more severe. The emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria has made it difficult to cure the infections in clinical. For treatment the infections caused by MDR and reducucton of the generation of resistant bacteria, researchers are actively studying on the non-antibiotic substances for antibacterial activity. In this paper, the advances in those with conifrmed effects such as phage therapy, metal/chelation therapy, immunization therapy, photodynamic therapy, and nitric oxide (NO)-based therapies, small molecule inhibitors, antimicrobial peptides and Chinese herb were reviewed.