Clinical data of 120 patients undergoing transurethral resection of the bladder sidewall tumors (TURBt) were retrospectively analyzed.Before TURBt the obturator nerve was blocked under the guide of the nerve stimulator in 46 cases (block group) and not blocked in 74 cases (unblock group).The incidence of obturator nerve reflex and bladder perforation in block group was significantly lower than that in unblock group(7％ vs.35％,P =0.000 and 0 vs.19％,P =0.002,respectively).The operation time and the duration of bladder continuous saline irrigation after operation in block group were shorter than those in unblocked group [(32.2 ± 12.5) vs.(43.2 ± 24.5) min,P =0.001 and (8.9 ± 6.4) vs.(13.3 ±10.8) h,P =0.013,respectively].The efficiency value of TURBt in block group was better than that in unblock group [(5.8 ±3.9) vs.(9.3 ± 7.0) min/cm2,P =0.001].The obturator nerve block guided by the nerve stimulator can improve the safety and the efficiency of TURBt.

Extracellular matrix (ECM) components confer biomechanical properties, maintain cell phenotype and mediate tissue homeostasis. ECM remodeling is complex and plays a key role in both physiological and pathological processes. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a group of enzymes responsible for ECM degradation and have been accepted as a key regulator in ECM remodeling. In this mini-review, we summarize MMPs categories, functions and the targeted substrates. We then discuss current understanding of the role of MMPs-mediated events, including inflammation reaction, angiogenesis, cellular activities, etc., in ECM remodeling in the context of regenerative medicine.

Objective:To investigate the role of m.4435A>G and YARS2 c.572G>T(p.G191V)mutations in the development of essential hypertension.Methods:A hypertensive patient with m.4435A>G and YARS2 p.G191V mutations was identified from previously collected mitochondrial genome and exon sequencing data.Clinical data were collected,and a molecular genetic study was conducted in the proband and his family members.Peripheral venous blood was collected,and immortalized lymphocyte lines constructed.The mitochondrial transfer RNA(tRNA),mitochondrial protein,adenosine triphosphate(ATP),mitochondrial membrane potential(MMP),and reactive oxygen species(ROS)in the constructed lymphocyte cell lines were measured.Results:Mitochondrial genome sequencing showed that all maternal members carried a highly conserved m.4435A>G mutation.The m.4435A>G mutation might affect the secondary structure and folding free energy of mitochondrial tRNA and change its stability,which may influence the anticodon ring structure.Compared with the control group,the cell lines carrying m.4435A>G and YARS2 p.G191V mutations had decreased mitochondrial tRNA homeostasis,mitochondrial protein expression,ATP production and MMP levels,as well as increased ROS levels(all P<0.05).Conclusion:The YARS2 p.G191V mutation aggravates the changes in mitochondrial translation and mitochondrial function caused by m.4435A>G through affecting the steady-state level of mitochondrial tRNA and further leads to cell dysfunction,indicating that YARS2 p.G191V and m.4435A>G mutations have a synergistic effect in this family and jointly participate in the occurrence and development of essential hypertension.

OBJECTIVES: To explore the role of mitochondrial CYB 15024G>A mutation in the development of essential hypertension. METHODS: Mitochondrial genome sequences of hypertensive patients were obtained from previous studies. Clinical and genetic data of a hypertensive patient with mitochondrial CYB 15024G>A mutation and its pedigree were analyzed. Lymphocytes derived from patient and family members were transformed into immortalized lymphoblastoid cell lines, and the levels of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), mitochondrial membrane potential and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) were detected. RESULTS: The penetrance of this essential hypertension family was 42.9%, and the age of onset was 46-68 years old. Mitochondrial genome sequencing results showed that all maternal members carried a highly conserved mitochondrial CYB 15024G>A mutation. This mutation could affect the free energy of mitochondrial CYB for secondary and tertiary structure and protein folding, thereby changing its structural stability and the structure of the electron transfer function area around the mutation site. Compared with the control, the cell line carrying the mitochondrial CYB 15024G>A mutation showed significantly decreased levels of mitochondrial CYB, ATP and mitochondrial membrane potential, and increased levels of ROS (P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS Mitochondrial CYB 15024G>A mutation may affect the structure of respiratory chain subunits and mitochondrial function, leading to cell dysfunction, which suggests that the mutation may play a synergistic role in essential hypertension.
Humans ; Middle Aged ; Aged ; Reactive Oxygen Species ; Essential Hypertension/genetics* ; Adenosine Triphosphate ; Cell Line ; Mutation

Malocclusion is an oral disease with a high prevalence. The goal of orthodontic treatment is health, aesthetics, function and stability. The transmission straight wire appliance and technique is an innovative orthodontic system with independent intellectual property rights invented by Professor Jiuxiang Lin′s team based on decades of clinical experience, which provides a new solution for the non-surgical correction of skeletal malocclusions, especially class Ⅲ malocclusion, and it is also a good carrier for the implementation of the concept of healthy orthodontics. Due to the lack of guidelines, how to implement standardized application of transmission straight wire technique remains a problem to be solved. This technical specification was formed by combining the guidance from Professor Jiuxiang Lin and joint revision by a number of authoritative experts from the Orthodontic Special Committee, Chinese Stomatological Association, with reference to relevant literatures, and combined with abundant clinical experience of many experts. This specification aims to provide reference to standardize the clinical application of transmission straight wire technique, so as to reduce the risk and complications, and finally to improve the clinical application level of this technique.