Objective To evaluate the factors associated with clinical pregnancy rate of in-vitro fertilization (IVF) in endometriosis related infertility.Methods Total of 326 patients with endometriosis related infertility undergoing IVF between January 2007 and December 2011 were studied in Department of Reproductive Medicine,First Affiliated Hospital,Nanjing Medical University,retrospectively,which were divided into 141 cases in clinical pregnancy group and 185 cases in non-pregnancy group.Those factors including age,body mass index (BMI),basic FSH,antral follicle count (AFC),CA125 and CA199,endometriotic stage and history of surgery,stimulation scheme were analyzed by bivariate analysis and multivariable logistic regression.Results (1) Pregnancy rate:total of 141 pregnant cases and 185 nonpregnant cases treated by IVF were observed,pregnancy rate was 43.2％ (141/326).(2) Basic parameters:there was no statistical difference in age,BMI,basic FSH,AFC,CA125 and CA199 between clinical pregnancy group and non-pregnancy group (P ＞ 0.05).(3) Bivariate analysis:clinical pregnancy rate of 50.0％ (87/174) among patients with infertility year less than five years was significantly higher than 35.5％ (54/152) in patients with more than five years.Pregnancy rate of 56.1％ (46/82) in stage Ⅰ-Ⅱ was significantly higher than 42.5％ (79/186) in stage Ⅲ-Ⅳ.Pregnancy rate of 46.6％(125/268) with history of surgery was significantly higher than 27.6％ (16/58) with no history of surgery (P ＜ 0.05).Pregnancy rate of 48.2％ (79/164) in long-term scheme was higher than 38.3％ (62/162) in short-term scheme,but there was no significant difference (P =0.075).(4) Multivariable logistic regression:clinical pregnancy rate of infertility year with less than 5 years,stage Ⅰ-Ⅱ,history of surgery proved stage Ⅰ-Ⅱ and stage Ⅲ-Ⅳ was significantly higher compared with infertility year more than 5 years,stage Ⅲ-Ⅳ and no history of surgery respectively (adjusted OR and 95％ CI:2.003,1.263-3.175; 1.899,1.110-3.248; 3.769,1.802-7.887,P＜0.05).Conclusion Factors affecting clinical pregnancy rate of IVF in endometriosis related infertility were infertility year,stage and surgery.

Objective To evaluate the diagnostic value of sonohysterography (SHG)in uterine cavity diseases. Methods 48 patients suspected to suffer from uterine cavity diseases on the basis of transvaginal sonography underwent sonohysterography,hysteroscopy and biopsy.The results of sonohysterography were compared with those from hysteroscopy and biopsy. Results The diagnostic accuracy,sensitivity,specificity of SHG in detecting abnormal uterine cavities were 93.8%(45/48),91.4%(32/35),100%(13/13) and respectively. Conclusions SHG is a simple,effective and cheap method in the detectiou of uterine cavity diseases.

Objective:Selected virulence factors more than and high virulent Aeromonas hydrophia strain made into inactivated vaccine,to study the immunization effect of inactivated vaccine.Methods:Crucian were vaccinated with formalin-killed vaccine via in-traperitoneal injection.Controls were injected with the same volumes of saline.Then the antibody titres, histopathology and relative percent survival were analyzed from samples of both groups.Results: The antibody in the indirect agglutination reaction could be detected in vaccinated fish once a weeks after immunization and reached highest level 6 weeks after immunization.The histopathology analysis indicated that the vaccine had a good protective effect on crucian target organs.Vaccinated fish showed 100%relative percent survival and the immune period would be 6 month.Conclusion:The vaccine in this study has a significant protective effect on crucian and may be used as effective fish vaccines against bacterial septicemia.

Objective To study the inhibitory effect on the expression of regulated upon activation,normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES) and monocyte ehemotactic activity of ectopic endometrial stromal cells by nuclear factor(NF)-kB decoy oligonucleotides (ODN). Methods The stromal cells of ectopic endometrium were divided into 3 groups. Two groups were cultured with or without 10 μg/L of interleukin (IL)-1β. Another group was transfected with NF-kB decoy ODN with the aid of a lipofectamine reagent. After 4 h of transfection, 10 μg/L of IL-1β was added to induce the stromal cells to secrete RANTES. Concentration of RANTES in the supernatant at 4, 8, 12, 24 and 36 h was measured with the sandwich enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). U937 monocyte chemotactic activity was assayed in Boyden chambers. The specific RANTES-neutralizing monoclonal antibodies at serial doses (0. 5, 1, 2, 4and 8 mg/L) were added into IL-1β induced medium of 24 h to detect the monocyte chemotactic activity of RANTES in supernatant. Results The concentration of RANTES secreted by stromal cells was respectively (58 ± 10), ( 150 ± 35 ), ( 360 ± 46 ) and ( 586 ± 42 ) ng/L after IL-1β stimulation for 8,12,24 and 36 h,significantly higher than that of stromal cells cultured without IL-1β. The concentrations of RANTES were respectively (86±16), ( 128±28 ) and ( 183±32) ng/L after IL-1β stimulation for 12, 24 and 36 h in stromal cells transfected with NF-kB decoy ODN, evidently lower than that of stromal cells stimulated with IL-1β alone. The monocyte ehemotactic index of 12, 24, 36 h in conditioned medium of stromal cells transfected with NF-kB decoy ODN was respectively 10. 3 ± 0. 9, 13.7 ± 1.1, 18.6 ± 1.2, which was evidently lower than that of stromal cells stimulated with IL-1β alone. The anti-RANTES antibody at 0. 5, 1,2, 4 and 8 mg/L inhibited respectively 5%, 23%, 40%, 62% and 61% of the chemotactic activity in 12 h medium treated with IL-1β. Conclusions RANTES accounts for the majority of the monocyte chemotactic activity in IL-1β induced medium of 24 h. NF-kB decoy ODN may influence the feed-forward inflammatory loop whereby IL-1β from activated macrophages can lead to RANTES production by ectopic implants and further monocyte chemotaxis.

OBJECTIVETo determine an optimal insemination technique for unexplained infertility patients undergoing IVF or ICSI following failed intrauterine insemination (IUI).

METHODSSixty-five cycles of 61 patients with failed IUI were divided into four groups: Group A (37 cycles of IVF), Group B (19 cycles of ICSI), Group C (4 cycles of IVF and ICSI: half and half), Group D (5 cycles of ICSI after failed IVF). The conventional IVF cycles were defined as Group E (37 cycles), and the conventional ICSI cycles defined as Group F (24 cycles). The fertilization rate, completely failed fertilization rate, high quality embryo rate, clinical pregnancy rate and the implantation rate were compared among all the groups.

RESULTSThere were statistically significant differences in the fertilization rate, completely failed fertilization rate between Groups A and E (55.4% vs 72.8%, P < 0.05; 21.6% vs 0%, P < 0.005), and Groups A and B (55.4% vs 68.4%, P < 0.05; 21.6% vs 0%, P < 0.01). In Group D, there was statistically significant difference in the fertilization rate between IVF cycles and ICSI cycles (12.2% vs 74.2%, P < 0.005).

CONCLUSIONThe present study demonstrates that there may be 20% of totally failed fertilization in IVF cycles with unexplained primary infertility following failed IUI, and ICSI treatment can increase fertilization rate and avoid complete fertilization failure.

Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Infertility, Female ; etiology ; therapy ; Insemination, Artificial, Homologous ; methods ; Male ; Ovulation Induction ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Rate ; Retrospective Studies ; Sperm Injections, Intracytoplasmic ; methods ; Treatment Failure

OBJECTIVETo discuss the applied value of rescue intracytoplasmic sperm injection(ICSI) after complete fertilization failure during in vitro fertilization (IVF) cycles.

METHODSAfter 16-18 h co-culture with sperm, all the unfertilized oocytes with the first polar body were re-fertilized by ICSI.

RESULTSAfter rescue ICSI, the abnormal fertilization rate was 17.9% and the normal fertilization rate was 42.7%. Twenty-four hours later, the normal cleavage rate of the normal fertilized oocytes was 79.6%. On the day of embryo transfer, the good-quality rate of embryos was 29.7% (22/74). A mean number of 3.4 (54/16) embryos were transferred to the patient during each cycle. Clinical pregnancy was found in 3 cases out of the 16 (18.8%).

CONCLUSIONThe applied value of rescue ICSI may be correlated with the number and maturity of oocytes on the retrieval day.

Female ; Fertilization ; Fertilization in Vitro ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Pregnancy ; Sperm Injections, Intracytoplasmic

Objective To investigate the relationship between serum progesterone level at the day with human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) administration and pregnant outcome from in in-vitro fertilization-embryo transfer(IVF-ET). Methods From Mar. 2002 to Apr. 2007, 786 cycles with serum progesterone measurement on the day of hCG administration for final oocyte maturation in IVF were analyzed retrospectively in Reproductive Medicine Center in First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University.All stimulations were down-regulated with gronadotrophin release hormone agonist (GnRH-a) in both long protocols and short protocols before gonadotrophin stimulation. When the thresholds of serum progesterone were set at 5.5, 6.0,6.5,7.0,7.5,8.0,8.5 and 9.0 nmol/L, respectively. If the level of progesterone was less than the thresholds, those patients were in lower progesterone group, on the contrary, more than the threshold value, those patients were in higher progesterone group. The laboratory results and the clinical outcomes between all patients at lower and higher progesterone group at different thresholds value were analyzed. Results The rate of normal fertilization, quality embryos, successful implantation, chemical pregnancy, clinical pregnancy and live birth did not exhibit remarkable difference between patients with higher and lower serum progesterone level at multiple thresholds on the day of hCG administration in the 786 cycles (P >0.05). However, when the thresholds of serum progesterone were at 8.5 and 9.0 nmol/L, early abortion rates of 27.3% (3/11) and 3/7 in higher progesterone group were significantly higher than 8.8% (26/297) and 8.6% (26/301) in lower progesterone group (P<0.05). And the total abortion rates of 3/7 in higher progesterone group were significantly higher than 11.0% (34/301) in lower progesterone group when the thresholds of serum progesterone were 9.0 nmol/L (P<0.05). Conclusions This study did not prove the correlationship between progesterone level at the clay with hCG administration and the probability of clinical pregnancy or live birth. However, early abortion rates or the total abortion rates were associated with higher progesterone level when the thresholds of serum progesterone were at 8.5 nmol/L or 9.0 nmoL/L.

Long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) is a kind of RNA with a length greater than 200 nucleotides and lacks protein-coding function.Varieties of lncRNAs have been found to play major roles in the aerobic glycolysis of tumor cells,such as lncRNA-p21,H19,prostate specific transcript 1 (PGCEM1) and so on.In tumor cells,lncRNA can directly regulate the rate-limiting enzyme in the glycolytic pathway,also can indirectly regulate the glycolysis by hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) or proto-oncogene c-myc.Further study on the mechanism of lncRNA regulating tumor cell glycolysis is expected to open up new ideas for the diagnosis and treatment of tumor diseases.

Objective Using of cumulative live birth rate(CLBR)per oocytes retrieved cycle,to assess the clinical outcomes of in vitro fertilization or intracytoplasmic sperm injection(IVF/ICSI),and to explore impact factors on CLBR following utilization of all fresh and frozen embryos in one complete IVF/ICSI cycle using gonadotropin-releasing hormone(GnRH)agonist, GnRH-antagonist and clomiphene mild stimulation protocols. Methods Of the patients who underwent IVF/ICSI from January 1st, 2014 to December 31st, 2015 in the First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, a total of 6 142 oocytes retrieved cycles were included. The clinical and laboratory parameters of different ovarian stimulation protocols, and the effects of the age, number of oocytes retrieved and number of embryos available on the CLBR of each oocytes retrieved cycle were analyzed.Results The CLBR was 69.0%(2 004/2 906)in the GnRH-agonist protocol versus 67.4%(644/955)in the GnRH-antagonist protocol (P>0.05); the CLBR of clomiphene mild stimulation protocol was 53.2%(1 215/2 281),significantly lower than those of the other two protocols (all P<0.05). The CLBR significantly decreased with age increased. When divided into four groups according to the patients′ age, we found that CLBR were not statistically significant using three different protocols in the 20-25 years old group(all P>0.05).There was a strong association between the number of oocytes retrieved and embryos available on CLBR. CLBR rose significantly with an increasing number of oocytes up to 6, then the rising trend slowed down. Patients were categorized into four groups according to the number of oocytes retrieved,CLBR was significantly higher using GnRH-antagonist protocol (50.0%)than mild stimulation protocol(37.0%)in low ovarian responder(0-4 oocytes)group(P<0.05). The CLBR were no significant difference among three protocols in normal(10-15 oocytes)and high responders(≥15 oocytes)group(all P>0.05).The incidence rate of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome in GnRH-agonist protocols(5.2%,152/2 906)were significantly higher than those of GnRH-antagonist(4.4%, 42/955)and clomiphene mild stimulation protocols(1.5%,34/2 281;all P<0.05).Conclusions CLBR is an important index to assess the clinical outcomes of IVF/ICSI. Age, number of oocytes retrieved and embryos available could affect CLBR obviously. According to the different age and ovarian response of patients, we should design ovarian stimulation protocols based on target oocytes number in order to get higher CLBR and reduce complications.

Objective To investigate the impact of dyslipidemia on in-vitro fertilization or intracytoplasmic sperm injection (IVF/ICSI) pregnancy outcome in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).Methods From July 2013 to March 2016,468 PCOS patients with antagonist protocol in IVF/ICSI of First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University,cycles were divided into dyslipidemia group (108 cases) and normol blood lipids group (360 cases) according to the serum cholesterol,triglyceride (TG),high-density lipoprotein,low density lipoprotein levels.The general condition and clinical outcomes of the two groups were analyzed retrospectively,including the implantation rate,clinical pregnancy rate,live birth rate and the incidence of moderate to severe ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS),etc.Besides,stratified analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis were used to correct the impact of body mass index (BMI).Results (1) Comparing the based data of dyslipidemia group and normal blood lipids group:age,years of infertility,basic FSH,basic LH,basic estradiol and other indexes had no significant differences (all P＞0.05),but BMI of dyslipidemia group was significantly higher than normal blood lipids group [(25.0±3.0) versus (23.1±3.0) kg/m2],difference had statistical significance (P＜0.01).(2) The high score embryo rate,endometrial thickness on the day of hCG injection,progesterone and LH levels on the day of hCG injection,moderate to severe OHSS rate and miscarriage rate in the two groups did not exhibit remarkable differences (all P＞0.05).However,the number of dominant follicle,retrieved oocyte number,estrogen level on the day of hCG injection,implantation rate,biochemical pregnancy rate,clinical pregnancy rate and the live birth rate in dyslipidemia group were significantly less than those of normal blood lipids group (all P＜0.05),the dose of gonadotropin (Gn) and days of stimulation were significantly higher compared with the normal blood lipids group,there were significant differences statistically (all P＜0.05).(3) Stratified analysis showed that no matter in BMI＜24 or BMI≥24 kg/m2 group,the dose of Gn and days of stimulation were significantly higher in the dyslipidemia group than those of the normal blood lipids group,the difference was statistically significant (P＜0.05).However,the number of oocytes retrieved,estrogen level on the day of hCG injection had obvious downtrend,and the difference was statistically significant (P＜0.05) in BMI≥24 kg/m2 group.Multivariate logistic regression analysis found that,even after the correction of BMI,dyslipidemia still had negative impact on implantation rate,biochemical pregnancy rate,clinical pregnancy rate and the live birth rate (P＜0.05).(4) Further analysis of the different components of blood lipids in the clinical pregnancy group and unobtained pregnancy group revealed that the level of triglyceride (TG) in the unobtained pregnancy group was significantly higher than that in the pregnancy group,and the difference was statistically significant (P＜0.05);logistic regression analysis also showed that the increase of TG levels was negatively correlated with the clinical pregnancy rate of PCOS patients (P＜0.05).Conclusions PCOS patients combined with dyslipidemia have a higher BMI,and dyslipidemia increases the dosage of Gn,reduces the implantation rate,clinical pregnancy rate and live birth rate,especially the increase of TG level,which has adverse effects on IVF/ICSI outcome in patients with PCOS.