ObjectiveTo explore the relationship between the expression of human proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and human MutS honolog2 gene (hMSH2) in breast cancer and its significance. Methods PCNA and hMSH2 expression were detected in 68 cases of breast cancer tissues by immunohistochemistry.ResultsAmong the 68 cases of breast cancer, the expression rate of PCNA and hMSH2 was 44.1％ (30/68) and 54.4％ (37/68) respectively.The expression of PCNA and hMSH2 was positively correlated with lymph nodes metastasis(P ＜0.05).PCNA expression was positively correlated to hMSH2 expression in breast cancer (P ＜0.05).ConclusionInteraction between PCNA and hMSH2 may be related to the carcinogenesis of breast cancer.Effective detection of PCNA and hMSH2 proteins may contribute to the evaluation of malignancy and biological behavior of breast cancer.

Objective To understand the characteristics of environmental air pollution in three districts, two counties and one city of Yinchuan in 2020, to evaluate the air quality and the impact of air pollutants on population health, and to provide a theoretical basis for fine management of atmospheric environment in Yinchuan. Methods Based on the air pollution situation in districts and counties of Yinchuan in 2020, the air pollution characteristics were analyzed and summarized using Excel and SPSS 23.0 software. The health risks of SO₂, NO₂, PM₁₀ and PM_2.5 in the air were estimated using the health risk model recommended by the US Environmental Protection Agency. Results The average annual concentrations of PM₁₀ and PM_2.5 (except for Lingwu City) in all counties of Yinchuan in 2020 were higher than the national standard, while the average annual concentrations of SO₂, NO₂, CO and O₃ in all regions were lower than the national secondary standard, indicating that the pollution level was low. Both ambient air quality and atmospheric pollutants (except O₃) showed a ^“V^” emission trend of less in summer and more in winter, while O₃ was the opposite. The average annual concentrations of PM₁₀, PM_2.5, SO₂ and O₃ decreased from north to south, while the concentrations of NO₂ and CO in Xingqing District, Xixia District and Jinfeng District were significantly higher than those in other regions. O₃, NO₂ and particulate matter were the primary atmospheric pollutants in the study area. The health risks of PM₁₀, PM_2.5, SO₂ and O₃ did not exceed the values recommended by the US Environmental Protection Agency. However, these air pollutants posed the greatest health risk to children, while the health risk to the elderly was the least. There were differences in the health risks of these air pollutants between men and women of different ages. Among children and young adults, the health risk for men was higher than that for women. Among adolescent people and the elderly, the health risk of females was obviously higher than that of males. Conclusion The air quality in Yinchuan is good, and the health risk of the population is low.

Objective : To study the clinical characteristics of dental trauma and provide data support for clinical work and health education, the clinical data of patients in the Guangzhou area were reviewed. Methods : The clinical data of patients attending the general Emergency Department of Stomatological Hospital of Southern Medical University from January 2017 to January 2022 were analyzed according to gender, age, trauma cause, trauma type, tooth position and trauma duration, and postoperative time of trauma. Results: The ratio of males to females was 1.07:1, and the ratio of patients aged 10-19 years was 2.76:1. Falls and collisions were the main causes of the trauma. Concussion and uncomplicated crown fracture were the most frequent subcategories of dental trauma. For tooth position, the upper maxillary middle incisors had the highest rate of trauma, followed by the maxillary lateral incisors. January and December were the two months with the highest incidence of trauma, while the rate of dental trauma on weekends was slightly higher than on weekdays, and 77.81% of patients visited within 24 h after the trauma. Conclusion Dental trauma commonly occurs in the adolescent maxillary incisors, and crown fracture and concussion are the main types of injury. The major causes are falls and collisions. The general population should pay more attention to strengthening the protection of teeth during outdoor activities and learn emergency dental treatment methods. At the same time, dentists should be more skilled in the treatment of dental trauma, and uncommon types of dental trauma should be given more attention to avoid poor outcomes.

Objective:To investigate whether annexin A1 (ANXA1) improves sepsis-induced lung injury by activating G protein-coupled formyl peptide receptor type 2 (FPR2)-dependent endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) pathway.Methods:Twenty-four male SD rats were randomly divided into normal group (Control group), lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced lung injury model group (LPS group), LPS+ANXA1 mimetic peptide group (LPS+Ac2-26 group) and LPS+ANXA1 mimetic peptide+FPR2 inhibitor group (LPS+Ac2-26+WRW4 group), with 6 rats in each group. On the third day before modeling, rats of the LPS+Ac2-26 group were injected with 1 mg/kg Ac2-26 by the tail vein and rats of LPS+Ac2-26+WRW4 group were injected with 1 mg/kg Ac2-26 and 2.2 mg/kg WRW4 by the tail vein. The rats of control group and LPS group were injected same volume of physiological saline. After 48 hours of modeling, the rats were anesthetized and the carotid blood was taken to detect the oxygenation index (OI). Lung tissue was taken from the euthanized rats. The wet/dry (W/D) ratio was determined. The pathological changes of lung tissue were observed under light microscope and pathological score was performed. The levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukins (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10), malondialdehyde (MDA) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The protein expressions of eNOS, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) were detected by Western blotting.Results:Under light microscope, compared with LPS group, the infiltration degree of inflammatory cells in the lung tissue of LPS+Ac2-26 group was reduced, and the thickness of the alveolar septum was improved. The degree of inflammatory cell infiltration in the lung tissue of LPS+Ac2-26+WRW4 group was more severe than that of LPS+Ac2-26 group, and the thickness of the alveolar septum increased. These findings suggested that ANXA1 significantly inhibited inflammatory cell infiltration and improved alveolar septal thickness, WRW4 reversed the lung improvement effects of ANXA1. Compared with control group, OI in LPS group was significantly decreased, and W/D ratio, pathological score and TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, MDA and MPO levels in lung tissue were significantly increased. Compared with LPS group, OI and IL-10 levels in lung tissue were significantly increased in LPS+Ac2-26 group, while W/D ratio, pathological score, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, MDA and MPO levels in lung tissue were significantly decreased. These results indicated that ANXA1 can improve the oxygenation capacity, improve lung tissue leakage, reduce edema, and inhibit lung tissue inflammation in rats with lung injury. Compared with LPS+Ac2-26 group, the LPS+Ac2-26+WRW4 group showed significant decreases in OI and lung tissue IL-10 level [OI (mmHg, 1 mmHg≈0.133 kPa): 132.16±24.00 vs. 248.67±18.70, IL-10 (ng/L): 27.30±3.04 vs. 36.10±3.92, both P < 0.05], the lung tissue W/D ratio, pathological score and levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, MDA and MPO were significantly increased [W/D ratio: 5.29±0.02 vs. 4.83±0.02, pathological score: 5.00±0.28 vs. 2.67±0.52, TNF-α (ng/L): 39.80±4.36 vs. 32.10±2.15, IL-1β (ng/L): 200.00±15.68 vs. 152.60±9.74, IL-6 (ng/L): 181.50±18.02 vs. 148.50±7.34, MDA (mmol/mg): 82.01±8.22 vs. 70.43±5.69, MPO (pg/mg): 6.50±0.32 vs. 4.60±0.56, all P < 0.05]. These results suggested that WRW4 could block the above improvement of ANXA1. Western blotting results showed that compared with control group, the expression of eNOS, iNOS and NF-κB in LPS group was significantly up-regulated. Compared with LPS group, the protein expression of eNOS in LPS+Ac2-26 group was significantly up-regulated (eNOS/β-actin: 0.25±0.01 vs. 0.14±0.01, P < 0.05), and the protein expression of iNOS and NF-κB was significantly down-regulated (iNOS/β-actin: 0.09±0.02 vs. 0.12±0.02, NF-κB/β-actin: 0.35±0.06 vs. 0.59±0.13, both P < 0.05). These findings suggested that ANXA1 might activate the eNOS pathway and down-regulate the expression of NF-κB. Compared with LPS+Ac2-26 group, the protein expression of eNOS in LPS+Ac2-26+WRW4 group was significantly down-regulated (eNOS/β-actin: 0.17±0.02 vs. 0.25±0.01, P < 0.05), while the protein expression of iNOS and NF-κB was significantly up-regulated (iNOS/β-actin: 0.12±0.02 vs. 0.09±0.02, NF-κB/β-actin: 0.52±0.10 vs. 0.35±0.06, both P < 0.05). These results suggested that WRW4 blocked the activation of the eNOS pathway by ANXA1. Conclusion:ANXA1 can improve lung injury associated with sepsis by activating FPR2-dependent eNOS pathway.

The widespread application of next generation sequencing (NGS) in clinical settings has enabled testing, diagnosis, treatment and prevention of genetic diseases. However, many issues have arisen in the meanwhile. One of the most pressing issues is the lack of standards for reporting genetic test results across different service providers. The First Forum on Standards and Specifications for Clinical Genetic Testing was held to address the issue in Shenzhen, China, on October 28, 2017. Participants, including geneticists, clinicians, and representatives of genetic testing service providers, discussed problems of clinical genetic testing services across in China and shared opinions on principles, challenges, and standards for reporting clinical genetic test results. Here we summarize expert opinions presented at the seminar and report the consensus, which will serve as a basis for the development of standards and guidelines for reporting of clinical genetic testing results, in order to promote the standardization and regulation of genetic testing services in China.

Objective : To investigate the effect of riboflavin on inactivation of pathogens under different light time conditions． Methods : Plasma containing vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) was divided into 4 groups，and the final concentrations of riboflavin were 50，100，150 μmol / L and 0 μmol / L was used as the control group．The growth titers at 10，15，20 and 25 min were observed．The control group was treated with no light．The growth titers of VSV culture before and after inactivation were calculated by Reed-Muench method，and the effect of different concentrations of riboflavin on the inactivation effect was evaluated by log reduction factor after inactivation. Results : Under the condition of no light，the addition of riboflavin had no pathogen inactivation effect．With the increase of light time from 15 min to 25 min，the inactivation effect of VSV in the non-riboflavin group increased．When the light was less than 15 min，there was no significant difference in the inactivation effect of 50 to 150 μmol / L riboflavin VSV．When the light duration was 15 to 25 min，the inactivation effect of VSV was enhanced after the addition of riboflavin，but there was no difference between different concentrations of riboflavin groups． Conclusion The inactivation effect of riboflavin pathogen within 25 min is better with the increase of light time，and has little influence on riboflavin concentration.