Objective:To explore the relation of new-type drug using intention,self-efficacy,and perceived stress in secondary vocational school students.Methods:A total of 2692 secondary vocational school students in Zhaoqing,Guangdong Province were selected.The questionnaire of new-type drugs using intention,General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES),and Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) were respectively used to assess the secondary vocational school students'new-type drugs using intention,self-efficacy,and perceived stress.Path analysis model was used to analyze the relationship of new-type drugs using intention,self-efficacy,and perceived stress among secondary vocational school students.Results:There were 13.6％ (295/2165) of the secondary vocational school students reported an intention to use new-type drugs.The total scores of GSES and PSS were (2.4 ±0.5) and (18.8 ±5.0),respectively.The results of path analysis showed that,after controlling for age,gender,and residence,the scores of GSES were negatively correlated with the scores of PSS (γ =-0.21,P ＜0.001),and the scores of PSS were positively correlated with the scores of questionnaire of new-type drugs using intention (γ =0.05,P ＜ 0.05).However,the scores of GSES showed no significant direct correlation with the scores of questionnaire of new-type drugs using intention (γ =0.04,P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion:The secondary vocational school students' level of perceived stress are positively correlated with their intention to use new-type drugs.Self-efficacy might moderate the individual's level of perceived stress,thus to show indirect correlation to the secondary vocational school students' intention.

Objective: To investigate the relationship among depression, anxiety, stress and addictive substance use behavior in secondary vocational students. Methods: Cluster sampling method and the Adolescent Health-related Behaviors Questionnaire were used to collect demographic characteristics, psychological symptoms, and addictive substance usage among 5 935 students in nine vocational schools in Chongqing, Zhaoqing, Ningbo, and Taiyuan. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the relationship between the addictive substance use behavior and psychological factors. Results: The detection rates of depression, anxiety and stress were 46.5% (n=2 762), 58.7% (n=3 483), and 29.8% (n= 1 770), respectively. The prevalence of addictive substances was 74.8% (n=4 440), traditional drugs was 0.8% (n=50), new drugs was 2.8% (n=166), other addictive drugs was 4.1% (n=241). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that compared with the normal psychological states of secondary vocational students, the OR value of mild depression tendency alcohol and tobacco use behavior of secondary vocational students was 1.45; the OR values of mild anxiety, moderate anxiety, severe anxiety and very serious anxiety were 1.46, 1.46, 1.71, and 1.83, respectively; the traditional drugs use behaviors were 5.51, and 2.61, respectively, for the severe anxiety and very serious anxiety. Compared with the normal psychological state of secondary vocational students, the OR values of the severe anxiety and very severe anxiety were 2.56, and 2.66, respectively, for severe anxiety and very serious anxiety. Compared with normal psychological status of secondary vocational students, the OR values of mild, moderate, severe, and very severe anxiety were 2.14, 2.47, 2.39, and 3.45, respectively; all P values <0.05. Conclusion Anxiety and mild depression were risk factors of tobacco and alcohol use in secondary vocational students; severe and above anxiety were the risk factors of drug use in secondary vocational students; anxiety was the risk factor for other addictive drug use in secondary vocational students.

OBJECTIVE： To provide suggestions for improving pediatric medication information in drug instructions of microecological preparations in China. METHODS： Using text analysis method， the pediatric medication information in the instructions of 36 approval number of microecological （29 varieties from 23 enterprises） is statistically analyzed. RESULTS： Among the 36 microecological preparations， there were 2 medicines for children （5.56％）. There were 2 granules （5.56％）， 9 dispersants （25.00％）， 9 tablets （25.00％） and 16 capsules （44.44％）； there were 6 national essential medicines （16.67％）； there were 13 products in the list of national essential medical insurance （36.11％）； there were 22 OTC products （61.11％）. The proportion of children’s indications， children’s usage and dosage， child-related adverse reactions， taboos and matters needing attention in the drug instructions for children were 19.44％， 55.56％， 2.77％， 5.56％ and 8.33％， respectively. The proportion of specific information about children’s drug use marked in the item of  “children’s drug use” was 25.00％. CONCLUSIONS： There is a lack of information on pediatric medication in the instructions of microecologial preparations in China， and there are some problems such as unclear wording， scattered labeling position of the medication information for children， and the content is not practical. It is recommended that medical institutions should strengthen the rational use of medical guidance for medical personnel， implement the scientific management process of over-instruction medications； the relevant departments should introduce more incentive policies， encourage enterprises to improve the basis of children’s medications， and make standardized labeling of children’s medication information in drug specifications. In addition， a database of information on children’s medications can be established to provide a reference for rational use of pediatric drugs.

Objective To identify the causes of nonspecific bands in the detection of a industry standard caf1 gene by polymerase chain reaction(PCR),and to propose a solution to this problem. Methods A total of 112 strains were selected for the experiment, including 40 strains of Yersinia pestis, 72 strains of non-Yersinia pestis;DNA was extracted,and caf1 gene was amplified by PCR;seven non-specific strips were recovered,purified and TA cloning and sequencing; the primer of the caf1 gene was redesigned and validated using all of the strains. Results Using the industry standard caf1 gene primer,DNAs of 40 Yersinia pestis and 72 non-Yersinia pestis were amplified by PCR, 58 non-Yersinia pestis could be amplified with non-specific bands, they were about 400, 500, 600, 700, 800, 900, 1 000 bp. By TA cloning and sequencing, the non-specific bands in the downstream of the industry standard caf1 primer and its reverse complement were amplified. Using the new designed caf1 primer to amplify, 72 non-Yersinia pestis strains showed no non-specific bands. Conclusion Non-specific bands has been amplified in the screening of Yersinia pestis using the primer of the industry standard caf1, and the new caf1 primer can effectively avoid this problem and improve the accuracy of detection.

OBJECTIVE：To reevaluate the guidelines/cons ensus，systematic review/Meta-analysis of proton pump inhibitors （PPIs）in the prevention of drug-induced gastrointestinal injury ，and to provide evidence-based reference for its clinical use. METHODS： The relevant guidelines/consensus and systematic review/Meta-analysis literatures at home and abroad were systematically reviewed ，and the re evaluation was carried out from the effectiveness ，safety and economy dimensions to analyze the current situation of clinical use of PPIs in the prevention of drug-induced gastrointestinal injury in adults and children. RESULTS ： A total of 14 clinical guidelines/consensus and 10 systematic review/Meta-analysis literatures of PPIs for the prevention of drug-related gastrointestinal injury at home and abroad were sorted out and included. In terms of effectiveness ，PPIs could prevent various drug-related gastric mucosal damage ，gastrointestinal bleeding and other damage to the digestive tract ，but PPIs had not yet obtained the indication for children in China ；PPIs were widely used in the treatment of children ’s digestive tract diseases ，which belonged to off-label medication. In terms of safety ，the common adverse reactions of PPIs included headache ，gastrointestinal symptoms，etc. There may be risks of kidney disease and fracture during long-term application. In terms of economy ，for some patients with digestive tract and cardiovascular disease risk ，the economic benefit of NSAIDs combined with PPIs were higher ； esomeprazole 20 mg and 40 mg daily were equally effective in preventing ulcer recurrence caused by NSAIDs ，but increasing the dose could not improve the preventive effect. CONCLUSIONS ：The preventive effect of PPIs on drug-induced gastrointestinal injury is supported by evidence-based evidence. It has good safety in adults and has certain economic benefits ；but it belongs to off-label drug use in children in China ，and the safety and economy still need to refer to the results of adult studies. In the future ，a number of multicenter prospective clinical studies based on Chinese pediatric population are still needed to provide more support for the prevention and treatment of drug-induced gastrointestinal injury by PPIs in children.

OBJECTIVE： To provide reference for the selection of inhaled corticosteroids （ICS） in clinic. METHODS： A questionnaire survey was conducted among pediatricians from medical institutions of 11 provinces （districts， cities） to analyze the drug selection and reasons， dosage form selection [by comprehensive score （CS）] of 3 kinds of ICS as budesonide （BUD）， beclomethasone （BDP） and fluticasone （FP）， medication compliance and influential factors （by CS）. RESULTS： A total of 200 questionnaires were sent out， and 196 valid questionnaires were collected with effective rate of 98.00％. Pediatric clinicians preferred BUD as a control drug for asthma in children （158 cases， 80.61％）， followed by FP （22 cases， 11.22％） and BDP （2 cases， 1.02％） and the rest had no tendency （14 cases， 7.14％）. Clinicians who chose BUD mainly believed that the drug had better clinical efficacy， and was more recommended by guidelines and experts， more recognized by patients and so on. In addition， of all inhalation equipment for children asthma， pediatric clinicians believed that parents or children were more easier to master atomizer （CS： 4.04）， followed by pressurized metered dose inhalers （pMDI） （with spacer） （CS： 2.75）， pMDI （without spacer） （CS： 1.71）， dry powder inhalers （DPI） （turbuhaler） （CS： 1.46） and DPI （accuhaler） （CS： 1.08）. For the evaluation of patients’ medication compliance， 48 （24.49％）， 88 （44.90％）， 58 （29.59％） pediatricians thought that the actual administration accounted for ＜50％， 50％-74％， 75％-99％ of the medical order dosages， respectively. Only 2 （1.02％） subjects thought that the patients would fully obey. The main factors affecting children’s medication compliance were worrying about side effects of long-term medication （CS： 9.19）， drug withdrawal after improvement （CS： 8.16）， and children’s treatment incompatibility （CS： 7.82）. CONCLUSIONS： Pediatricians tend to choose BUD as drug for asthma control， and atomizer is treated as the easiest inhalation equipment for children. At the same time， pediatricians have low evaluation on the medication compliance of parents and children.