Objective:To analysis the policy tools and targets of the policies of free training for order-oriented medical students in rural areas of China, for reference for further improving the free medical student training policy.Methods:The research team searched the official websites of the State Council, National Health Commission, Ministry of Education, and other ministries, as well as the Peking University Treasure Database, for national level policy documents related to free training of order-oriented medical students released from June 2010 to May 2023. Policy tool-policy target analysis framework was used to quantitative analysis the policy documents.Results:A total of 16 policy documents were included and 213 policy provisions were extracted. From the perspective of policy tools, the proportion of policy provisions using imperative policy tools was the highest, accounting for 63.38% (135 articles), followed by advisory policy tools(18.78%, 40 articles)and reward based policy tools(13.61%, 29 articles), while functional expansion tools(2.82%, 6 articles) and authoritative restructuring tools(1.41%, 3 articles) accounted for a relatively low proportion. The institutional education stage is the main policy target, with provisions accounting for 76.06% (162 articles), followed by the continuing education stage and the post graduation education stage, accounting for 17.84% (38 articles) and 7.51% (16 articles), respectively. It was uneven distribution of various policy tools and their sub tools within the same policy target.Conclusions:The distribution of policy tools for the free training policy of rural order oriented medical students in China needed to be further balanced. The policy targets were mainly concentrated in the education stage of universities.

Calcium ions play an important role in neurovascular coupling, an important neural microcircuit that regulates blood supply to meet the energy and oxygen requirements for neuronal activation. Sequestering intracellular calcium in a photochemically unstable compound (calcium cage) is called caged calcium. On the contrary, uncaging calcium technology is the opposite process against caged calcium and works by releasing free calcium from calcium cage in the presence of light with certain wavelength. Therefore, uncaging calcium is an effective tool by enabling the manipulation of calcium in time, space and concentration freely. Based on the uncaging calcium technology, this paper reviews the application of such technology in the studies of neurovascular coupling to provide more convenient tools and increase the feasibility of research in calcium ion related scientific problems in the neurovascular coupling field.

Calcium ions play an important role in neurovascular coupling, an important neural microcircuit that regulates blood supply to meet the energy and oxygen requirements for neuronal activation. Sequestering intracellular calcium in a photochemically unstable compound (calcium cage) is called caged calcium. On the contrary, uncaging calcium technology is the opposite process against caged calcium and works by releasing free calcium from calcium cage in the presence of light with certain wavelength. Therefore, uncaging calcium is an effective tool by enabling the manipulation of calcium in time, space and concentration freely. Based on the uncaging calcium technology, this paper reviews the application of such technology in the studies of neurovascular coupling to provide more convenient tools and increase the feasibility of research in calcium ion related scientific problems in the neurovascular coupling field.

Objective: To explore the influence of two voluntary counseling and testing(VCT) services on young students acquired immune deficiency syndrome(AIDS) related knowledge and behaviour, so as to provide a new idea for further improvement and promotion of VCT services. Methods: From April 2017 to December 2018, the sample size,selected from 12 patrol and fixed monitoring sites in colleges in Guangzhou, was calculated by non inferiority trial, and the students who received services at the same period were 1∶1 matched. A total of 113 students received conventional VCT and 186 recerived peer VCT services. The Chi square test was used to analyse the difference of AIDS related knowledge and behavior before and after intervention, and a survey was conducted on satisfaction. Results: After young students received conventional VCT services, the overall awareness rate of AIDS basic knowledge increased from 80.53% to 93.75%, and the frequency of condom use every time during heterosexual sexual activity in the past year increased by 29.17 percentage points ( χ 2=4.49,4.10, P <0.05). After young students received peer VCT services, the awareness rate of the Four Frees and One Care Policy increased from 34.95% to 58.26%, the rates of homosexual anal sex and more than or equal to 2 sexual partners in the past half a year decreased by 14.84 and 29.43 percentage points, respectively( χ 2=15.69, 4.82, 10.97, P <0.05). Conclusion After young students receive two modes of VCT services respectively, the AIDS related knowledge and behavior have been improved, and the influence of the two VCT services has different advantages. The combination of conventional VCT and peer education might be a more effective way of AIDS intervention.

Optimization efforts were devoted to discover novel PDE10A inhibitors in order to improve solubility and pharmacokinetics properties for a long-term therapy against pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) starting from the previously synthesized inhibitor