Objective:To investigate the thoughts and methods of clinical pharmacists involving in the treatment of 2 cases of atyp-ical pathogen infection. Methods:The consultation cases of 2 patients with atypical pathogens infection were analyzed,and the consul-tation experience was summarized. Results: After the consultation, the treatment efficacy of the patients was obvious. Conclusion:Clinical pharmacists can assist doctors in improving the efficacy and safety of drug treatment.

Objective: To investigate the knowledge, attitude, and practice on disposable plastic tableware and self reported gastrointestinal symptoms in college students. Methods: Stratified sampling method was applied in 338 students of a medical university during the 2020-2021 academic year. The study investigated knowledge, attitude and practice on disposable plastic tableware and self reported gastrointestinal symptoms among students. Results: There were 24.0% students were unaware of the specific material of plastic tableware, 82.0% students had no idea about the meaning of "plastic products logo". About 94.1% of the students thought that plastic tableware might contaminate food, and female students (97.1%) were more worried than male (86.3%) ( χ 2=14.32, P <0.05). The attitude towards the use of disposable tableware was not consistent with the cumulative use score of disposable plastic tableware ( F=1.31, P =0.25),students with high consumption had higher score of accumulative use of disposable plastic tableware ( F=8.32, P <0.01). About 18.3% of the students were prone to report gastrointestinal symptoms. The cumulative scores of disposable plastic tableware weekly using frequency in students who reported gastrointestinal symptoms(14.85±4.01) was still higher than that of no gastrointestinal symptoms group(13.78±3.50), regardless of the effect of takeout ordering frequency( F=4.53，P = 0.03 ). Conclusion College students have limited knowledge of disposable plastic products. However, the use of disposable plastic products may be associated with gastrointestinal diseases. It is suggested to active the propaganda and education, to reduce the use of disposable tableware, and enhance the awareness of health and environment.

OBJECTIVE： To study the imp rovement effects of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides crude extract on estradiol-induced thymus atrophy in mice. METHODS ：Totally 60 female ICR mice were randomly divided into normal control group（normal saline ），model group （normal saline ），G. lucidum polysaccharides crude extract high-dose and low-dose groups （400，100 mg/kg，by crude drug ），with 15 mice in each group. Except for normal control group ，other groups were given estradiol intraperitoneally （0.1 mg/mice，6 times）every other day to establish thymic atrophy model. The next day after modeling finished，they were given relevant medicine intragastrically ，once a day ，for consecutive 14 d. Twenty-four hours after last medication，organ（thymus，spleen）index，MDA content and GST activity in plasma were determined. HE staining was adopted to observe the pathological changes of thymus and spleen tissue in mice. The thymus cell apoptosis was examined by TUNEL assay ， and the T cell subsets in peripheral blood were detected by flow cytometry. RESULTS ：Compared with normal control group ，the thymus index ，proportion of CD 3+CD4+T cell in peripheral blood and CD 4+/CD8+ ratio were decreased significantly in model group （P＜0.01）；spleen index ，MDA content in plasma and thymocyte apoptosis level as well as the proportion of CD 3+CD8+T cell in peripheral blood were all increased significantly （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. Thymic cortex and medullary boundary of mice was blurred；the intercellular space was enlarged ；some cells were damaged and apoptotic in cortex ；no pathological changes were found in the spleen. Compared with model group ，thymus index and GST activity in plasma as well as proportion of CD 3+CD4+T cell in peripheral blood and CD 4+/CD8+ ratio were all increased significantly in G. lucidum polysaccharides crude extract high-dose group（P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）；while MDA content in plasma ，the apoptosis level of thymocytes were all decreased significantly （P＜0.01 or P＜0.05）；and the pathological changes of thymus were improved significantly. MDA content in plasma was decreased significantly in G. lucidum polysaccharides crude extract low-dose group （P＜0.01），and other indexes/pathological changes were not obvious. CONCLUSIONS ：High dose （400 mg/kg）of G. lucidum polysaccharides crude extract can improve the thymus atrophy induced by estradiol in mice.

Objective: To investigate the clinical value of blood routine tests (RT) and coagulation function in differential diagnosis of mild and severe patients infected with bunyamwera virus. Methods: Twenty-five mild patients and 25 severe patients infected with bunyamwera virus were selected and their blood RT and coagulation function tests were performed. Results: The earliest prothrombin time (PT-early) and activated partial thromboplastin time(APTT-early) were significantly lower than those of severe patients(t=-2.43, P<0.05; t=-2.53, P<0.05). The lowest values of white blood cells (WBC-low) of mild patients were significantly higher than those of severe patients (t=5.66, P<0.01). The highest value of D-dimer (DD-high) of mild patients were significantly lower than that of severe patients (z=1.35, P<0.05). When mild patients values were set as outcome variable, AUC of APTT-early was the highest (AUC=0.713, P<0.05). When values of severe patients were set as outcome variable, AUC of DD-high was the highest (AUC=0.874, P<0.01). Conclusions APTT-early and DD-high are suitable for differential diagnosis of mild and severe patients infected with bunyamwera virus.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2022.02.031.].

PD-1 and PD-L1 antibodies have brought about extraordinary clinical benefits for cancer patients, and their indications are expanding incessantly. Currently, most PD-1/PD-L1 agents are administered intravenously, which may be uncomfortable for some cancer patients. Herein, we develop a novel oral-delivered small molecular, YPD-29B, which specifically targets human PD-L1. Our data suggested that YPD-29B could potently and selectively block the interaction between PD-L1 and PD-1, but did not inhibit any other immune checkpoints. Mechanistically, YPD-29B induced human PD-L1 dimerization and internalization, which subsequently activated T lymphocytes and therefore overcomes immunity tolerance in vitro. YDP-29B was modified as the YPD-30 prodrug to improve druggability. Using humanized mice with human PD-1 xenografts of human PD-L1 knock-in mouse MC38 cancer cells, we demonstrated that YPD-30 exhibited significant antitumor activity and was well tolerated in vivo. Taken together, our results indicate that YPD-30 serves as a promising therapeutic candidate for anti-human PD-L1 cancer immunotherapy.