Staphylococcus epidermidis(SE)is the main opportunistic pathogen in nosocomial infections.It usually enter the body along with biomedical materials and adheres to the surface of biomaterials to form bacterial bi06lm.SE bi06lm bears high organized multi.cell colony structure.Bacterial biofilm iS the key reason for refractoriness of biomaterial originated infection.This paper gives an overview of the research progresses in biomaterial related infection,including SE ica operon,formation of biofilm,biofilm treatment,and SO on.Our review shows that studies of SE biofilm were COnfined to the mutated strain from laboratory and growth pattern of plankton and thus the natural clinical pathogenic procedure of SE can't be fully described.Further study should be carried out on formation of SE biofilm and treatment of infections related to the clinical application of biomaterials.

Objective To study the relationship between the expression of E-cadherin and the development, invasion and metastasis of esophageal carcinoma. Methods The expressions of E-cadherin in 58 cases with esophgeal carcinoma and 122 other cases with esophageal epithelial disease were examined by immunohistochemical technique. The relation between the expression of E-cadherin in esophageal carcinoma and the clinical pathological characteristics of esophageal carcinoma were analyzed. Results The expression rate of E-cadherin gene protein in esophageal squamous carcinoma and adenocarcinoma was 22.0%(11/50), 25.0%(2/8), respectively, compared with the normal group (100%, 20/20) and simple atypical hyperplastic group (92.9%, 26/28). The difference was significant (P

Objective To construct a qseC-deleted mutant strain of E.coli by Red recombination and to study the effect of qseC gene on biofilm formation in the mutants.Methods The chloramphenicolresistant gene flanked by homologues of target genes was amplified by PCR and electro-transformed into E.coli MC1000.When induced by L-arabinose,the plasmid pKD46 could express three recombinant proteins of λ-prophage,which led to the replacement of target gene(qseC) with chloramphenicol-resistant gene.Then the chloramphenicol-resistant gene was eliminated by FLP-promoted recombination events.The biofilm formation of wild-type and mutant strain was detected by crystal violet staining.Results The qseC-deleted mutant of E.coli was confirmed by various PCR and DNA sequencing.Gene qseC was completely deleted.There was no significant difference in growth ability between the qseC mutant strain and the wild-type strain MC1000.The biofilm formation of wild-type and mutant strain was quantified by crystal violet staining.The absorbance determined with a plate reader at 570 nm was 1.00±0.15 and 0.47±0.10 respectively.Conclusion The qseC-deleted mutant of E.coli was constructed successfully.And the qseC gene plays an important role in regulation of biofilm formation in E.coli.

Objective To summarize the sonographic characteristics of high frequency ultrasound and elastography of thyroid microcarcinoma(TMC),and to analyze the causes of misdiagnosis.Methods The preoperative ultrasonic data of 245 suspicious TMCs in 202 patients,as confirmed by operation pathology,were retrospectively analyzed.Results Preoperative ultrasonography accurately diagnosed 221 TMCs,the diagnosis rate was 90.2％,and the misdiagnosis rate was 9.8％.Among the missed diagnosed lesions,18 lesions were nodular goiter,others were 3 nodular goiter with focal papillary hyperplasia of follicular epithelium,2 nodular goiter with adenomatous hyperplasia,1 focal lymphocytic thyroiditis,respectively.The thyroid lesions≤0.5 cm in diameter were more easily to misdiagnose.According to the importance of the ultrasonographic features of TMC,the order were aspect ratio (A/T) ≥ 1,irregular-shape,microcalcifications,low or very-low echo.Based on the above corresponding characteristics and considering other features together,the diagnostic accuracy rate were 94.1 ％,93.9％,92.4％ and 90.5％,respectively.Less blood supply and ill-defined boundary were the secondary sonographic signs of TMC.The elastographic scores of TMC were most showed 4 to 5 points.Diagnosis of TMC relied on elastography alone is less effective,but when elastograph diagnosis based on high frequency ultrasound,the diagnostic accuracy is much higher,especially when there is no calcification in the lesions.Conclusions High-frequency ultrasound has a very important value in the diagnosis of TMC,while elastography has certain assistant value on the basis of high-frequency ultrasonic diagnosis.

Background and purpose:Bone metastases leads to the destruction of bones by changing the level of bone turnover markers.The purpose of this study was to assess the clinical application value of bone turnover markers in bone metastases for non-small cell lung cancer,which included the diagnosis and spread behavior of bone metastases.Methods:AKP,β-CTx,OST and BALP were measured in 76 NSCLC with bone metastases patients and 44 normal people.Results:The level ofAKP,β-CTx and BALP in patients with bone metastasis was significantly higher than in the subjects without bone metastases.There were significant correlations among the bone turnover markers.The levels of BALP and OST were significantly positively correlated with the extent of bone metastasis.Patients with high-levels of CTx and low-levels of BALP had a higher risk of pathologic fracture.Conclusion:In patients with bone metastases from NSCLC,bone turnover markers can help make diagnoses and evaluate severity of disease.It potentially has a wide range of uses in clinical practice.

BACKGROUND: Permanent or transient implantation of biomaterials can result in biomaterials-centered infections (BCI) in lung cancer patients.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship between BCI and peripheral blood transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) in patients with lung cancer.METHODS: A total of 248 lung cancer patients undergoing in vivo intravascular catheter indwelling > 7 days were included.Quantitative method was used for intubation, bacteriological culture and paired blood culture, and API Staph strips were adopted for positive patients. While enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect TGF-β1 levels in the peripheral blood of patients with lung cancer and 75 healthy volunteers as normal controls.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Among the 248 patients, there were 82 BCI-positive cases, and 166 BCI-negative cases.Thirteen patients were confirmed to have catheter-related bloodstream infection. There were 48 Gram-positive bacteria, 24Gram-negative bacilli, and 10 fungal. The levels of TGF-β1 were higher in BCI-positive patients than BCI-negative patients (P < 0.05); the levels of TGF-β1 in the BCI-negative group were higher than those in the normal control group (P < 0.05). For lung cancer patients with nosocomial infection induced BCI, there are various species of pathogenic bacteria, and Gram-positive bacteria are more common. To detect TGF-β1 levels in patients with lung cancer is of significance for early prevention of BCI.

Objective: To investigate the role of indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase in the development of uterine cervical squamous carcinoma. Methods: From January 2008 to December 2008, 116 uterine cervical carcinoma specimens and 18 metastatic lymph node specimens from patients with CIN Ⅰ-Ⅲ and uterine cervical squamous carcinoma were evaluated for iDO expression by immunohistochemistry. Twenty normal cervical specimens and 20 normal lymph node specimens were used as the controls. Results: The expression of IDO was not found in normal cervix and CIN Ⅰ. In CIN Ⅱ, IDO expres-sion was weakly positive in 2 cases (2/10, 20%) and negative in 8 cases (8/10, 80%). In CIN Ⅲ, IDO expression was weak-ly positive in 8 cases (8/13, 61.5%), positive in 1 case (1/13, 7.7%) and negative in 4 cases (4/13, 30.8%). The positive ex-pression rate of IDO in cervical cancer stage Ⅰ -Ⅳ was 100% (83/83). In cervical cancer stage Ⅰ A and Ⅰ B, the positive ex-pression rate of IDO was significantly higher than that in CIN Ⅱ and CIN Ⅲ (P<0.01). The positive expression rate of IDO in cervical cancer stage Ⅱ A-Ⅳ B was significantly higher than that in Ⅰ A and Ⅰ B. IDO expression was associated with cervi-cal cancer progression (OR=0.807, P<0.01). IDO expression in primary lesions with lymph node metastasis was significant-ly higher than that in those without lymph node metastasis. IDO expression rate was 100% in metastatic lymph nodes. The IDO expression was not associated with cervical squamous carcinoma differentiation degree (OR=-0.139,P>0.05). Conclu-sion: In CIN Ⅱ, escape mechanisms that stimulate cervical squamous carcinoma progression is gradually developed. IDO expression in metastatic lymph nodes is possibly associated with immune tolerance. IDO expression is not associated with differentiation degree of cervical squamous carcinoma. IDO may be a prognostic factor for uterine cervical squamous carci-noma and a therapeutic target for treatment.

BACKGROUND:Studies have demonstrated that prosthetic valve endocarditis is primarily caused by bacteria adhering on the surface of the materials.Thus,the relationship of prosthetic valve materials with bacteria adhesion and growth is an important subject.OBJECTIVE:To explore the influence of prosthetic valve materials on bacteria growth through observing the relationship of bacteria adhesion on prosthetic valve materials and bacteria growth.DESIGN,TIME AND SETTING:Repetitive measurement was performed at the Department of Cardiac and Thoracic Surgery,Third Hospital of Kunming Medical College from January to March 2001.MATERIALS:Terylene(Dacron)was purchased from Man-made Blood Vessel Laboratory of Suzhou Weaves Belt Factory;polytetrafluoroethylene was provided by Teflon-GoreTexW.L.Gore & Associates,Inc.Arizona,USA;pyrolytic carbon was provided by Department of Biological Material of Sichuan Union University;staphylococcus anreus,Escherichia coli,staphylococcus epidermidis,and Pseudomonas aerugmosa were prepared by our laboratory.METHODS:The growth curve of staphylococcus aureus,staphylococcus epidermidis,Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa on dacron,pyrolytic carbon and pelytetrafluoroethylene were quantitatively determined respectively by plate counting and gamma.ray counting of 125 Ⅰ radiolabeled bacteria in vitro.Bacteria growing normally served as control.All bacteria were cultured for 30 hours,and bacteria concentration was determined every 2 hours.In addition,the adhesive capacities of foMr kinds of bacteria on dacron,pyrolytic carbon and polytetrafluoroethylene were detected Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa on dacron,pyrolytic carbon and polytetrafluoroethytene.RESULTS:There were no significant differences in adhesive capacities of each bacterium on dacron,pyrolytic carbon and polytetrafluoroethylene at the same time point(P>0.05).The differences in growth curve of four kinds of bacteria on prosthetic valve materials were not remarkable compared to the control(P>0.05).Different bacteria showed different adhesion degree on the materials:staphylococcus aureus exhibited strongest adhesion on dacron;staphylococcus epidermidis on pyrolytic carbon;Escherichia coli on dacron.The adhesive capacity of Pseudomonas aerugmosa on dacron reached peak within 12 hours,and gradually decreased,but maintained strong adhesion on the other materials.The adhesive capacmes of four bacteria on the materials did not increase or maintain with time.CONCLUSION:The adhesive capacity of one bacterium to different artificial valve materials and different bacteria to one prosthetic valve materials is different.The materials.show little influence on bacterium growth cycle.

Objective To investigate the value of EBUS-TBNA (endobronchial ultrasound-guided trans-bronchial needle aspiration) in diagnosis of lung cancer and analyze its complications. Methods A retrospective study was carried out in our hospitalfrom March 2013 to March 2015. A total of 171patients received C-TBNA (Con-ventional transbronchial needle aspiration) first and got negative results. Therefore, they received EBUS-TBNA next. Weanalyzedthe sensitivity, specificity, accuracy of malignancy with EBUS-TBNA and positive (malignant) lymph node sites biopsied with EBUS-TBNAand the incidence of its complications. Results Lung cancer was proven in 107 patients who had received EBUS-TBNA, while 16 were benign cases. Thirty-onenegative patients received CT guided needle biopsy or surgeryfor finally pathology. Based on above statistical data , we calculated EBUS-TBNA′s sensitivity, specificity and accuracy in 88.42%, 100.00%and 94.21%respectively. A totalof 818 lymph nodes were punctured by EBUS-TBNA, 408 were malignancy. The rate of diagnosis for malignancy was 49.88%. The complica-tioncontained 1 in hemorrhage, 1 in infectionand no life-threatening conditionandno death. Conclusion The value ofdiagnosis in lung cancerisrelatively high with EBUS-TBNAin safety and efficient.

Objective To explore the significance and curative effects of intrapericardial pneumonectomy and atria part resection in lung cancer operation.Methods Fifty eight patients of lung cancer were performed with intrapericardial pneumonectomy and atria part resection.Results The operative mortality rate was 0.The incidence rate of complications in post-operation was 36.21%,a majority of which was arrhythmia and occupied 18.97%.Conclusion The application of intrapericardial pneumonectomy and atria part resection in lung cancer operation can not only improve the resection rate but also can offer the opportunity of absolute resection and further therapy in a part of lung cancer patients.