To implant a drain tube or stent into bile tract during operation plays an important role in biliary surgery. In recent years, a variety of biomaterials have been employed in this procedure and scored manifold results in biological basic research. The progresses in nonmetallic biomaterials mainly included exploring the image compatibility of silicone itself, investigating bilolgical effects of silastic surface chemical modification, and preparing new bioabsorbable biliary stents. The focus of studyies on metallic ones was on the biocompatibility evaluations of cytotoxicity, genotoxicity and histo to xicity of nickel, titanium and Ni-Ti alloy, as well as the influence of on biocompatibility and hemocompatibility of Ni-Ti shape memory surgical alloy.

Robot-assisted surgery is becoming a widely popular technology and now entering total knee replacement. The development of total knee replacement is introduced in this paper with the emphasis on femur positioning technologies. The experiments and error analysis of robot-assisted surgical system for total knee replacement demonstrate that femur positioning technologies have a high precision and thus deserve to be popularized theoretically and practically.

OBJECTIVETo explore the impacts on the cognitive level of the children with mental retardation (MR) treated with JIN's three scalp needling therapy and the training for cognitive and perceptual disturbance so as to seek the more effective therapeutic method for the treatment of MR in children. Methods Sixty-six MR children were randomized into a head-point needle-retaining therapy + training group (group A) and a training after acupuncture group (group B). Seven cases and 12 cases were dropped in the two groups respectively. Twenty-six cases accomplished the treatment in the group A and 21 cases in the group B. In the group A, the points on the head were stimulated and the needles were retained (30 min after the general acupuncture, the needles on the body points were removed; and those on the head points were retained for 1 h, including Sishenzhen, Naosanzhen, Zhisanzhen and Niesanzhen). Simultaneously, the training for the cognitive perceptual disturbance was combined. In the group B, 1 h after needle retaining at the body points and head points, all the needles were removed; the training for the cognitive perceptual disturbance was followed. The treatment was given once a day, and the treatment for 3 months was required. Before and after treatment, the Wechsler intelligence scale for children (WISC) was used for evaluation and observation of verbal intelligence quotient (VIQ) , performance intelligence quotient (PIQ) and full-scale intelligence quotient (TFIQ) and score changes of 11 items such as information, picture vocabu; lary, arithmetic, picture generalization, comprehension, etc.

RESULTSAfter treatment, FIQ, VIQ and PIQ scores were different significantly as compared with those before treatment (all P<0. 01). In the group A, the results of picture vocabulary, animal egg laying, maze, block design and geometric figure were all improved significantly (all P<0. 05). In the group B, the results of information, comprehension, block design and geometric figure were all improved significantly (all P<0. 05). After treatment, concerning the value difference in FIQ and PIQ of the two groups; the changes in the group A were more significant (both P<0. 01). After treatment, the results of picture vocabulary and maze were improved significantly in the group A as compared with the group B (both P<. 01). The IQ categories changed apparently after treatment in the two groups, toward the higher level in tendency generally, but without significant difference (both P>0. 05).

CONCLUSIONThe simultaneous treatment with head point retaining of JIN's three needling therapy and the training for cognitive and perceptual disturbance obviously improves children patients' verbal comprehension, expression ability, hand-eye coordination ability, attention, logical reasoning ability and visual perception. The efficacy is better than that in the treatment of the training after acupuncture.

Acupuncture Therapy ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Cognition ; Female ; Humans ; Intellectual Disability ; psychology ; therapy ; Intelligence Tests ; Male ; Perception ; Scalp ; Treatment Outcome

Robot assisted surgery is becoming a widely popular technology and is now entering the total knee replacement. The development of total knee replacement and the operation system structure are introduced in this paper. The vision position technology and the related calibration technology, which are very important, are also analyzed. The experiments of error analysis in our WATO system demonstrate that the position and related calibration technologies have a high precision and can satisfy surgical requirement.
Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee ; instrumentation ; methods ; Humans ; Pattern Recognition, Automated ; methods ; Robotics ; instrumentation ; Surgery, Computer-Assisted ; instrumentation ; methods