Objective To explore the concentration of required residual available chlorine dioxide(ClO 2 )and optimun contact time for ClO 2 disinfection in order to ensure the microbiological indexes of waste water of hospital disinfected by ClO 2 qualified.Meth ods The waste water samples collected from hospital,to which were aritificially added with predetermined con-centrations of bacteria,were disinfected by various concentrations of ClO 2 (2?4?6?8?10?12mg /L)with various contact time (5?10?30?60?90min).After disinfection,the concentration of residual ClO 2 and the contents of microorganism in waste water samples were determined.Re sults After30-min disinfection by10.0mg /L ClO 2 ,the waste water sample originally containing1.52?10 2 /L E.coli showed a bactericidal rate of99.99%and a concentration of residual ClO 2 at2.5mg /L.After10-min disin-fection by10.0mg /L ClO 2 ,the waste water samples originally containing1.12?10 10 /L Salmonella showed a bactericidal rate of100%and a concentration of residual ClO 2 at2mg /L.After5-min disinfection by10.0mg /L ClO 2 ,the waste water samples o-riginally containing M.tu berculosis at concentration of++++showed a negative result and a concentration of residual ClO 2 at3.5mg/L.Conclusion After the primary treatment,ClO 2 disinfection with contact time of30minutes and a residual concentration of ClO 2 at2.5mg /L could ensure the germicidal effect for E.coli,Salmonella and M.tu berculosis in waste water of hospital qualified.

Objective To investigate the effects of environmental endocrine disruptors-phytoestrogen soybean isoflavone on serum glucose and lipid in rats with orchiectomy.Methods Fifty-four healthy clean male Wistar rats aged 7 weeks were randomly divided into 6 groups,9 in each group,according to their weight and named as the groups of SHAM,ORCH,L-SI,M-SI,H-SI and EC.The rats were injected intraperitoneally with 1.5% sodium pentobarbital according to 40 mg/kg,and they were either shamoperated or orchiectomized.The rats were fed on high fat diet for 4 weeks.There was 1,3,9 g soybean isoflavone and 0.45 mg estrobene per kilogram high fat diet in L-SI,M-SI,H-SI and EC respectively.At the 2nd and 4th week,serum insulin,fasting blood glucose and lipid (TG,TC,HDL and LDL) were detected.Results The weights of rats with orchiectomy was significantly decreased compared with sham-operated rats,and compared with the EC group,the weights of other groups'rats were significantly higher.The weight was decreased along with the increase of the dose of soy isoflavone.At the end of 4 weeks,SIF significantly decreased serum glucose compared with ORCH,and the insulin level was significantly increased in M-SI and H-SI group.SIF and estrogen could significantly decrease TC,but they did not have obvious effect on LDL.SIF could not improve HDL level in rats with orchiectomy.Even though there was no statistic difference,the TG levels of SIF groups were deceased.Conclusion SIF can decrease serum glucose level via raising insulin level in rats with orchiectomy.SIF can decrease serum TC level significantly and regulate TG level while there is no influence on HDL and LDL.

Objective To observe the level changes of serum interleukin-18(IL-18) and tumor necrosis factor-?(TNF-?) in alcohol liver disease of rats.Methods The dose of 56% alcohol [5～9 g/(kg?d)] was administeredvia gastrolavage once daily for 12 weeks in ALD model rats.The control rats were grven the same volume of saline.The rats were killed at the end of 4,8,12W.The pathological changes of liver were observed under light microscope after HE staining,and the levels of IL-18 and TNF-? in serum was determined with ELISA.Results The tissues of model rats showed various changes of chronic alcohol liver disease at the end of 4,8,12W,such as: fatty degeneration,inflammatory changes and fibrosis.The levels of ALT and AST in models were obviously higher than those of the controls(P

An improving method, named direction-coding, is presented in this paper for plotting isodose curves in brachytherapy treatment planning. It is not necessary to find solutions of the intersection point of two lines and distance between two points. All possible curves can be searched with the simplified algorithm. The method is well applied in brachytherapy treatment planning.

ObjectiveTo investigate mutations in exons 19, 20 and 21 of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene in elderly patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). MethodsEGFR gene mutations in exons 19, 20 and 21 were detected by nested PCR amplification and DNA sequencing in 46 elderly patients with non-small cell lung cancer. The relationship between mutations and clinical characteristics of these patients was analyzed. ResultsEGFR gene mutations were found in 56.5% (26/46) patients and 41.3% (19/46)were non-silent mutations. Mutation of exon 19 was detected in 6 cases (13.0%), mutation of exon 20 in 13 cases(28.2%) and that of exon 21 in 14 cases (30.4%). Seven patients among them had double mutations and the rest only had a single mutation. The incidence of EGFR gene mutations was higher in non-smokers than in smokers(P＜ 0.01). Higher EGFR mutation rate in exon 19, 20 and 21 were found in patients with clinical benefit who were treated with tyrosine kinase inhibitor(TKl)(P＜0.05). There was no difference in EGFR mutation rate between 60～69 age group and 70～85 age group. ConclusionsThe data suggest that the characteristics of EGFR gene mutations in elderly patients with NSCLC is the same as in the general NSCLC patients. The forecast informations of TKI treatment can be obtained by gene detection in elderly NSCLC patients.

OBJECTIVE To learn the disinfection and sterilization for dental instruments and to provide scientific basis for related regulations according to the scheme made by Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control.METHODS To investigate some dental medical units by adopting investigation form,inquirement,checking about the record for disinfection equipment including such items as air,the surface of used material,hands,etc.RESULTS Altogether 39 dental medical units including 9 hospitals,21 joint clinics and 9 private medical units were investigated with 96.11%,88.79%,and 70.97% qualified rates,respectively.CONCLUSIONS In private dental units the qualified rate for disfection is poor,disinfection instruments are short,and the professionals knowledge related to disfection is little.As a result,strengthening monitoring and guidance to prevent hospital infection should be carried out at once.

Objective:To investigate the role of CD46 and Nectin-4 on Measles virus (MV) infecting human pulmonary alveolar epithelial cells (HPAEpiC),and the interaction between CD46 and Nectin-4.Methods: Measles virus was divided into pre-infection group and 2 h-infection group,HPAEpiCs treatment with anti-CD46 antibody and/or anti-Nectin-4 antibody as experimental groups,and untreated HPAEpiCs as a control.The variation of viral replication level was detected.A Co-immunoprecipitation assay (Co-IP) was used to explore whether CD46 and Nectin-4 had interactive relationship in MV infection.Results: Compared with the control group,MV titers were reduced in HPAEpiCs of the pre-infection group treated with anti-CD46 and anti-Nectin-4 respectively (48.03% and 49.53%).Furthermore,virus titers showed a more reduction in which treated with anti-CD46 and anti-Nectin-4 antibodies (27.15%,P<0.01).Western blot and Real-time PCR showed that anti-CD46 antibody and anti-Nectin-4 antibodies decreased the rate of MV infection.In the 2 h-infection group,however,the treatment with anti-CD46 and anti-Nectin-4 could significantly reduce the MV titer and NP protein in HPAEpiCs.The Co-IP assay showed that there were interaction between CD46 and Nectin-4.Conclusion: CD46 and Nectin-4 mediated MV infecting HPAEpiCs.Moreover,CD46 and Nectin-4 may play a synergetic role in MV infection,which could enhance the infection effect.

Objective To explore the neural function analysis based on PET/CT imaging for the MRI negative localization in patients with refractory epilepsy.Methods 85 cases of drug refractory epilepsy patients (male 47,female 38,M/F:1.2 ︰ 1;age range from 6-35 years old),receiving head PET/CT conventional imaging in the interphase,compared to the normal PET cerebral metabolic databases.Surgery was carried out on the patients who with unilateral lobe of the brain,the efficacy was evaluated according to the Eagle standard.Results Epilepsy in unilateral was 63.5%(54/85 ),bilateral was 28.2%(24/85 )and unclear was 8.3%(7/85 ).6 months,12 months,18 months and 24 months later after surgery in patients who with unilateral lobe,the efficacy reaching the Eagle class Ⅰ and class Ⅱ standards was 61.1% (33/54),61.1% (33/54),61.1% (33/54),59.1% (29/49 ),respectively.Conclusion PET/CT neural function analysis could find epileptogenic zone which was negative in MRI imaging in patients with refractory epilepsy, is one of the important methods of preoperative localization.

ObjectiveTo investigate the developmental status and their relationship of self-supporting personality and career maturity of medical students.Methods450 medical students were surveyed by self-supporting personality scale and career maturity questionnaire.Descriptive statistical analysis,t-test,correlation analysis and regression analysis were used to do data analysis.Results ( 1 ) Most dimensions of self-supporting personality such as personal initiative,interpersonal initiative,interpersonal flexibility and personal responsibility were positively related to the career maturity ( r=0.53,P＜0.01 ; r=0.49,P＜0.01; r=0.46,P＜0.01 ; r=0.45,P＜ 0.01 ).(2)Career maturity of medical students can be positively predicted by several dimensions of self-supporting personality ( R2 =0.49,F=60.10,P＜ 0.01 ).ConclusionThe career maturity of medical students is closely associated with their self-supporting personality.

Objective:To investigate the relationship between VitD 3 concentration and glucose and insulin levels of OGTT in patients with CKD 3-5 stages.Methods: We included the patients with CKD 3 and 4 and 5 stages who fulfill the including standard.All patients were recorded the concentrations of [1,25 (OH):D3]concentration of glucose and insulin at fasting ,postprandial 1 h,2 h during OGTT and concentration of glycosylated hemoglobin level ,C peptide concentration.We performed the correlation analysis about [1,25 (OH):D3],glucose and insulin.Results: We totally included 91 patients with 3-5 stages CKD into our study.The D3 concentration of stage 3 were 160.9-261.3 mmol/L[(218.38±8.67)mmol/L] of stage 3,75.2-166.3 mmol/L[(117.01±4.72) mmol/L] of stage 4 and 11.8-96.5 mmol/L[(41.91±12.83)mmol/L] of stage 5 (P<0.05).The average concentrations of serum glucose at fasting,1 h after the meal and 2 h after the meal was(4.74±0.21)mmol/L,(8.31±0.43)mmol/L and(7.36±0.32)mmol/L in 3 stage and (4.92±0.25) mmol/L,(9.14±0.15) mmol/L and (9.14±0.39)mmol/L at 4 stage and (4.81±0.13)mmol/L, (10.72±0.41)mmol/L and (10.72±0.49)mmol/L at 5 stage (P<0.05).The average concentrations of insulin during OGTT at fasting,1 h after the meal and 2 h after the meal was (6.58±0.32) μU/L,(57.78±5.63)U/L and (42.77±8.45)U/L in 3 stage (6.03±0.53)U/L,(55.69±7.35)U/L and (62.52±5.39)U/L in 4 stage and (6.12±0.65)U/L,(62.82±9.73)U/L and (77.34± 8.62)U/L in 5 stage (P<0.05).Correlation analysis shows that the concentration of 1,25 (OH):D3 of different stages of patients with CKD and vitamin D 3 concentration and glucose tolerance test was found to be inversely associated with the insulin levels ( P<0.05 ) . Conclusion:There are obvious differences of concentration of vitamin D 3 between patients with 3-5 stages of chronic kidney disease (CKD).There also showed a negative correlation relationships between glucose and insulin levels ,and vitamin D3 concentration and glucose and insulin levels at OGTT of patients with 3-5 stages CKD.