Objective To study the effects of long-term injection of corticosterone (CORT) on the hippocampal astrocytes and synaptic plasticity in mice.Methods Male C57BL/6N mice (n=40) were randomly divided into control group and model group.Mice in the model group were treated with subcutaneous injection of CORT for 4 weeks to generate chronic stress depression model.Chronic stress model was proved to be established by tail suspension test and sucrose preference test and serum level of CORT was determined by radioimmunoassay.Protein expression levels of hippocampal synaptophysin (SYP) and postsynaptic density-95 (PSD-95) were detected by Western blot.Somal volume and protrusion length of glial fibrillary acidic protein-positive astrocytes were assayed by immunocytochemistry and quantitative stereological techniques.Results Immobility time in model group ((137.95±6.22) s) was significantly extended in comparison with that in the control group ((114.05 ± 4.12) s) (P＜ 0.01).Sucrose preference in the model group (62.42 ± 6.75)％ was lower than that in the control group (86.52±5.08)％ (P＜0.01).CORT levels in model group ((11.48±0.62) ng/ml) was significantly increased compared with that in the control group ((1.11±0.05) ng/ml) (P＜0.01).Hippocampal SYP (0.54±0.04) and PSD-95 (0.57±0.07) expression levels in model group were lower than those in the control group (0.99±0.14),(1.03±0.10) (P＜0.01).Somal volume in the model group ((132.04±9.23) μm3) and protrusion length ((1.39± 0.05) × 107 μm) was lower than that in the control group ((168.49±9.01)μm3),(1.77±0.10) × 107 μm) (P＜0.05,P＜0.01).SYP and PSD-95 expression level was found to be positively correlated with the reduction of the protrusion length(r=0.660,P＜0.01;r=0.614,P＜0.01)in astrocytes.Conclusion The results suggest that depression-like behavior-in-duced by long-term CORT treatment is possibly caused by the alternation of the synaptic plasticity associated with the reduction of the reducing the protrusion length.

AIM:To study the effect of chronic corticosterone ( CORT) injection on the depression-like behav-iors and the brain glycogen level in mice.METHODS:Male C57BL/6N mice (n=40) were randomly divided into nor-mal control group and model group.The mice in model group were subcutaneously consecutively injected with CORT for 4 weeks.The mouse model of chronic stress depression was constructed.The forced swim test and open field experiment were conducted to prove chronic stress model.The serum level of CORT in the mice was measured by radioimmunoassay.The protein levels of hippocampal synaptophysin ( SYP) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF) were detected by West-ern blot.Hippocampus glycogen, glycogen synthase and glycogen phosphorylase were determined by indirect fluorescence measurement.RESULTS:Compared with normal control group, the immobility time of the forced swim test in model group was significantly lengthened (P<0.01), and the ability of spontaneous activity was reduced (P<0.01), indicating that chronic CORT injection induced depression-like behaviors in mice.The CORT level increased significantly (P<0.01) in model group.CORT injection decreased the protein expression of hippocampal SYP and BDNF (P<0.01), reduced hipp-ocampal glycogen level (P<0.05) and glycogen synthase activity (P<0.05), and increased glycogen phosphorylase ac-tivity (P<0.05).CONCLUSION:Chronic CORT injection causes hippocampal neuron damage and induces the depres-sion-like behaviors of mice, which may be associated with decreasing hippocampal glycogen level by CORT.

Objective:To evaluate the feasibility of fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) in diagnosing vascular abnormality in oral and maxillofacial region.Methods: The method of retrospective study was used.The data from the patients who underwent FNAC from 2011 to 2014 in Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School of Stomatology were collected.All the included patients were divided into surgery group and non-surgery group.The patients in surgery group underwent lesion resection and the postoperative pathological results were gained.The patients in non-surgery group underwent periodical sclerotherapy.The accuracy of FNAC was identified by histopathologic diagnosis in surgery group and the effect of sclerotherapy in non-surgery group.Results: In this study, 93 patients were involved, including 51 males and 42 females.The median age was 2.5 years.Among them, 67 cases were judged as vascular abnormality by FNAC, and 63 cases were in consistent with final diagnosis and 4 cases were not.Among the other 26 cases which were diagnosed as other diseases by FNAC, 5 cases were accorded with final diagnosis.Therefore, the sensitivity of FNAC on diagnosis of vascular abnormity was 93% and its specificity was 84%.Among them, there were 29 cases in the surgery group and 64 cases in the non-surgery group.FNAC results were in consistent with the postoperative pathological results in 20 cases in surgery group (69%), and not consistent with pathological results in 9 cases.The pathological diagnoses included vascular malformations (3 cases), neurofibromas (2 cases), hamartoma (1 case), sebaceous cyst (1 case), adenolymphoma (1 case), and descriptive diagnosis (1 case).In non-surgery group, FNAC results were in consistent with the clinical effect of sclerotherapy in 61 cases (95%).There were 3 misdiagnosed cases.The coincident rate between the result of FNAC and that of pathological or clinical diagnosis was 86%.Conclusion: FNAC is a feasible and minimal invasive method to diagnose vascular abnormality in oral and maxillofacial region.

AIM To explore pharmacokinetics of Berberine in YL2000 in normal and febrile rats. METHODS The levels of Berberine in plasma were measured through HPLC and secondary parameters were obtained by fitting the dose time data of Berberine making use of 3P87 programme. RESULTS In normal and febrile rats, the plasma concentration of Berberine was peaked at (3 4?0 3) h vs (0 3?2 1) h( P

Objective Definition Chiasm of crus penis and discuss its possible role in penile erection. Methods Penile samples were acquired from 15 formalin preserved corpses.The structure located among crus penises were observed.The information about the structure located in crus penises with the nerve and blood vessel structure were recorded and analyzed. Results There was a structure of muscle fiber of ischiocavernosus among the crus penises.These muscle fiber through muscle bundle and tendon reach albuginea of cavernous body of the penis.There was long muscle fiber in the lateral surface of crus penises.While the muscle bundles were interlaced with each other with opposite side homonymous muscle and were encased with connective tissue when it reach to the back side of cavernous body of the penis.There were nerves and blood vessels observed in and out of the cavernous body of the penis and through the above structure in the crus penises. Conclusions Chiasm of crus penis was named as a structure of muscle fiber coming from two sides of the ischiocavernosus in crus penises.The structure of Chiasm of crus penis may provide an internal connection for the role of controlling the erection of the penis.

目的：探讨环状 RNA circ_0091579 作为分子海绵吸附 miR-330-3p 介导环指蛋白 126（ring finger protein 126， RNF126）对结直肠癌（colorectal cancer，CRC）细胞增殖、凋亡、侵袭的影响。方法：选取 2019 年 2 月至 2020 年 5 月在大理大学 第一附属医院行手术治疗的 60 例 CRC 患者的癌组织和癌旁组织。构建 circ_0091579、miR-330-3p 的过表达或敲减的 CRC LoVo 细胞，qPCR 检测 CRC 组织和细胞中 circ_0091579、miR-330-3p 和 RNF126 的表达；MTT、Transwell、流式细胞术分别检测 细胞的增殖、侵袭、凋亡情况；生物信息学方法预测 circ_0091579 和 miR-330-3p、miR-330-3p 和 RNF126 的靶向关系并用双荧光 素酶报告实验和 RNA 免疫沉淀实验验证。结果：CRC 组织和多种细胞（HCT116、SW620、CW-2、LoVo 细胞）中，circ_0091579 和 RNF126 均高表达、miR-330-3p 均低表达（均 P<0.05）。敲减 circ_0091579 可以抑制 LoVo 细胞的增殖、侵袭而促进其凋亡 （均 P<0.05），但该影响在加入 miR-330-3p 后被逆转；过表达 miR-330-3p 使 LoVo 细胞增殖和侵袭能力减弱但凋亡程度加强 （均 P<0.05），该影响在加入 RNF126 后被抵消。circ_0091579、miR-330-3p 和 RNF126 之间存在靶向作用关系。结论：circ_0091579 通过 miR-330-3p/RNF126 轴促进 LoVo 细胞增殖、迁移和侵袭而抑制其凋亡。

[Objective] To describe a case of a rare,novel mutation causing recurrent chorioamniotic membrane separation in a Chinese family with combined next-generation sequencing (NGS) and Sanger sequencing.[Methods] For the affected fetus,potential mutation were detected by the conbinedcombined next-generation sequencing (NGS) and Sanger sequencing.And the prenatal diagnosis were identified by Sanger sequencing.[Results] A frameshifting mutation c.1389_1390delAG (inherited from mother),and a missense mutationc.1006 G ＞ C (inherited from mother) have been identified in the affected fetus (the second pregnancy).The prenatal diagnosis of the third fetus turns out to be a carrier,the mutation was inherited from father.[Conclusions] We describe a novel mutation in gene ZMPSTE24,which was considered with mandibuloacral dysplasia with type B,and that may be the cousecoursecausing of recurrent chorioamniotic membrane separation.This rare mutation constitutes an additional heterogeneous defect causing chorioamniotic membrane separation.And the conbinedcombined next-generation sequencing (NGS) and Sanger sequencing allows high resolution characterization of novel mutions that are not readily detected by present methods.

Objective: To investigate the factors associated with CD4⁺ /CD8⁺ T lymphocyte ratio normalization in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients after antiretroviral therapy (ART). Methods: The data of 1 188 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/AIDS patients from the national ART reporting system in Yuxi City, Yunnan Province between January 1, 2006 and December 31, 2016 were retrospectively collected and analyzed. The rate of CD4⁺ /CD8⁺ T lymphocyte ratio normalization after ART was calculated by lifetable. Cox proportional hazard models were used to analyze the factors associated with CD4⁺ /CD8⁺ T lymphocyte normalization in AIDS patients after ART. The Wilcoxon rank sum test was used for comparison between groups. Results: The follow-up time was 3.8 (1.0-10.8) years. CD4⁺ /CD8⁺ T lymphocyte ratio normalization was documented in 95 patients with the rate of 1.89 per 100 person-years (95% confidence interval(CI) 1.52-2.27) after ART. The average time from ART to CD4⁺ /CD8⁺ T lymphocyte ratio normalized was 9.4 years. The cumulative normalization rate was 0.02 for the first year, 0.06 for the third year, 0.11 for the fifth year, 0.19 for the seventh year and 0.37 for the ninth year. By Cox proportional hazard models, the probability of CD4⁺ /CD8⁺ T lymphocyte ratio normalization in patients infected HIV by heterosexual contacts was 3.709 (95%CI 1.781-7.726) times higher than those by intravenous injection. The probability of CD4⁺ /CD8⁺ T lymphocyte ratio normalization in patients with baseline CD4⁺ T lymphocytes of 350-499 and more than 500 cell/μL groups were 2.792 (95%CI 1.196-6.519) and 3.832 (95%CI 1.648-8.913) times higher than those with baseline CD4⁺ T lymphocytes less than 200 cell/μL, respectively. The probability of normalization after ART in patients with higher baseline CD4⁺ /CD8⁺ T lymphocyte ratio was higher than those with baseline CD4⁺ /CD8⁺ T lymphocyte ratio≤ 0.20 (hazard ratio>1, all P<0.01). Conclusion The CD4⁺ /CD8⁺ T lymphocyte ratio normalization in AIDS patients after ART is associated with baseline CD4⁺ T lymphocyte counts, baseline CD4⁺ /CD8⁺ T lymphocyte ratio and HIV transmission mode.

OBJECTIVESTo evaluate the relationship between sperm apoptosis and male infertility.

METHODSPercentage of apoptotic sperm (PAS) in spermatozoa of fertile and infertile men were tested by flow cytometry (FCM).

RESULTSSperm apoptosis had happened in all different people. PAS in fertile and infertile group was (4.28 +/- 1.66)% and (18.67 +/- 8.55)% respectively, and difference was significant between two groups (P < 0.01). There was negative correlation between PAS and semen volume, sperm density, percentage of forward motility, percentage of normal morphology (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONSThere was very close relationship between sperm apoptosis and male infertility. FCM used to test sperm apoptosis is rapid, accurate, objective and reliable to analyse sperm functions and male fertility.

To today of its development,the tenacious vitalities of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) beyond doubt.From this point of view,it has a positive meaning to analyze and understand TCM,from which to find its advantages and characteristics for better improvement and development of TCM-theory,so that better for the benefit of mankind.Therefore,they were discussed from the perspective of philosophy of science with the conclusion as follows:1.It is a major current Chinese medicine theory Features that the conceptual system of metaphysical nature made the organic combination of syndrome differentiation and treatment,and the Chinese herbal medicines and other therapy as a means of feedback to verify and correct TCM's theory.2.The theory of current Chinese medicine is different from the theory of TCM,because its theoretical deduction and its argument are different from the focus of ancient Chinese medicine.These development and innovation in current Chinese medicine needs to be studied and summarized.3.Chinese medicine and Western medicine should be parallel to the two medical theory systems,both of which enrich the prevention and treatment of diseases.4.As an independent medical theory system,Chinese medicine theory must also need to develop and even revolution.And this process depends on the overall level of development and improvement of science and technology.