PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify moderating and mediating effects of social support in the relationship between work-family conflict, job satisfaction and turnover intention among married women nurses. METHODS: The sample for this study consisted of 225 married female nurses from two hospitals located in Seoul. Data were collected through structured questionnaires and analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficients and hierarchical multiple regression with the SPSS 21.0 program. RESULTS: (a) Social support of married female nurses had significant moderating and mediating effects between work-family conflict and job satisfaction. (b) Social support of married female nurses had significant moderating and mediating effects between work-family conflict and turnover intention. CONCLUSION: The results of the study indicate that social support is an important factor in work-family conflict, job satisfaction and turnover intention among married female nurses. Supervisor support is important to married nurses as social support as it is controlled by the organization. Therefore, supportive relationships based on mutual respect between supervisors and nurses are necessary for a creative organizational atmosphere and system.
Atmosphere ; Female ; Humans ; Intention* ; Job Satisfaction* ; Negotiating* ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Seoul

Purpose: Accumulating evidence suggests that seafood and its components, such as eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid, are known to prevent cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, little is known about whether sleep quality, which has been recognized as a risk factor for CVD, might influence these associations. Therefore, the purpose of the study was to investigate the longitudinal associations between seafood consumption and CVD in Korean adults with or without insomnia. Methods: The data were collected from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study (KoGES) and included 3,168 participants aged 40–69 years. Dietary intake was measured by a validated 106-item food-frequency questionnaire, and insomnia was assessed using a questionnaire on sleep-related symptoms. The CVD events included myocardial infarction, coronary artery disease, congestive heart failure, cerebrovascular disease, and peripheral vascular disease. Associations of seafood consumption with CVD were assessed using timedependent Cox regression analyses to calculate the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) while adjusting for potential confounding factors. Results: During the 8-year follow-up period, the incidence of CVD was 5.1%. There was a positive association between seafood consumption and most food groups, as well as nutrients. In contrast, as seafood consumption increased, the consumption of grains decreased. Regarding nutrient intake, there was a negative association between seafood consumption and carbohydrate intake. After adjustment for confounding factors, the risk of CVD was inversely associated with seafood consumption, with a 56% lower risk (HRT3 vs. T1 , 0.44; 95% CI, 0.26–0.75; p = 0.002), only in the non-insomnia group. Conclusion Findings from this study suggest that seafood consumption might lead to more favorable outcomes against CVD if accompanied by good sleep quality.

Purpose: Accumulating evidence suggests that seafood and its components, such as eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid, are known to prevent cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, little is known about whether sleep quality, which has been recognized as a risk factor for CVD, might influence these associations. Therefore, the purpose of the study was to investigate the longitudinal associations between seafood consumption and CVD in Korean adults with or without insomnia. Methods: The data were collected from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study (KoGES) and included 3,168 participants aged 40–69 years. Dietary intake was measured by a validated 106-item food-frequency questionnaire, and insomnia was assessed using a questionnaire on sleep-related symptoms. The CVD events included myocardial infarction, coronary artery disease, congestive heart failure, cerebrovascular disease, and peripheral vascular disease. Associations of seafood consumption with CVD were assessed using timedependent Cox regression analyses to calculate the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) while adjusting for potential confounding factors. Results: During the 8-year follow-up period, the incidence of CVD was 5.1%. There was a positive association between seafood consumption and most food groups, as well as nutrients. In contrast, as seafood consumption increased, the consumption of grains decreased. Regarding nutrient intake, there was a negative association between seafood consumption and carbohydrate intake. After adjustment for confounding factors, the risk of CVD was inversely associated with seafood consumption, with a 56% lower risk (HRT3 vs. T1 , 0.44; 95% CI, 0.26–0.75; p = 0.002), only in the non-insomnia group. Conclusion Findings from this study suggest that seafood consumption might lead to more favorable outcomes against CVD if accompanied by good sleep quality.

Purpose: Accumulating evidence suggests that seafood and its components, such as eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid, are known to prevent cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, little is known about whether sleep quality, which has been recognized as a risk factor for CVD, might influence these associations. Therefore, the purpose of the study was to investigate the longitudinal associations between seafood consumption and CVD in Korean adults with or without insomnia. Methods: The data were collected from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study (KoGES) and included 3,168 participants aged 40–69 years. Dietary intake was measured by a validated 106-item food-frequency questionnaire, and insomnia was assessed using a questionnaire on sleep-related symptoms. The CVD events included myocardial infarction, coronary artery disease, congestive heart failure, cerebrovascular disease, and peripheral vascular disease. Associations of seafood consumption with CVD were assessed using timedependent Cox regression analyses to calculate the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) while adjusting for potential confounding factors. Results: During the 8-year follow-up period, the incidence of CVD was 5.1%. There was a positive association between seafood consumption and most food groups, as well as nutrients. In contrast, as seafood consumption increased, the consumption of grains decreased. Regarding nutrient intake, there was a negative association between seafood consumption and carbohydrate intake. After adjustment for confounding factors, the risk of CVD was inversely associated with seafood consumption, with a 56% lower risk (HRT3 vs. T1 , 0.44; 95% CI, 0.26–0.75; p = 0.002), only in the non-insomnia group. Conclusion Findings from this study suggest that seafood consumption might lead to more favorable outcomes against CVD if accompanied by good sleep quality.

Background: This study investigated the relationship between coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), delirium, and 1-year mortality. Factors associated with delirium in COVID-19 patients were identified, along with the influence of psychotropic medications on delirium. Methods: The study used the South Korean National Health Insurance Service database.Adult COVID-19 patients diagnosed between October 2020 and December 2021 were included, with a propensity score-matched control group. Time-dependent Cox regression assessed associations among COVID-19, delirium, and mortality. Logistic regression analyzed the impact of psychotropic medications on delirium incidence. Results: The study included 832,602 individuals, with 416,301 COVID-19 patients. COVID-19 (hazard ratio [HR], 3.03; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.92–3.13) and delirium (HR, 2.33;95% CI, 2.06–2.63) were independent risk factors for 1-year mortality. Comorbidities, insurance type, and residence were also related to mortality. Among COVID-19 patients, antipsychotic use was associated with lower delirium incidence (odds ratio [OR], 0.38; 95% CI, 0.30–0.47), while mood stabilizers (OR, 1.77; 95% CI, 1.40–2.21) and benzodiazepines (OR, 8.62; 95% CI, 7.46–9.97) were linked to higher delirium incidence. Conclusion COVID-19 and delirium are risk factors for 1-year mortality. Some factors associated with delirium in COVID-19 patients are modifiable and can be targeted in preventive and therapeutic interventions.

Objective: Interpersonal sensitivity, characterized by a heightened awareness of others’ behavior and emotions, is linked to mood disorders. However, current literature lacks a comprehensive analysis of how some items of the Interpersonal Sensitivity Measure (IPSM) interrelate and contribute to the overall construct. This study constructed a network for interpersonal sensitivity symptomatology to identify core IPSM items in patients with mood disorders. Methods: The IPSM, a 36-item self-report scale, was utilized to evaluate interpersonal sensitivity symptoms in 837 participants (major depressive disorder [MDD], n=265; bipolar I disorder [BD I], n=126; and bipolar II disorder [BD II], n=446). We performed exploratory graph analysis, employing regularized partial correlation models to estimate the network structure. Centrality analysis identified core IPSM symptoms for each mood disorder group. Network comparison tests assessed structural differences between the MDD and BD subgroups. Results: Network analysis detected five communities. Item 10 (“I worry about being criticized for things that I have said or done”) showed the highest value in strength. Multiple items on “Interpersonal Worry/Dependency” and “Low Self-Esteem” showed high strength centrality. Network structure invariance and global strength invariance test results indicated no significant differences between the MDD and BD subgroups. Conclusion Our findings emphasize the importance of addressing “Interpersonal Worry/Dependency” and “Low Self-Esteem” in the IPSM network among mood disorder patients based on core items of the network. Additionally, targeted treatments and comprehensive strategies in this aspect could be crucial for managing mood disorders.

BACKGROUND: Due to the inconvenience of performing oral glucose tolerance tests and day to day variability in glucose level, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) has been recommended by the American Diabetes Association as a method to diagnose diabetes. In addition, the Korean Diabetes Association has also recommended the use of HbA1c as a diagnostic test for diabetes. In this study, we evaluated the prevalence of diabetes according to fasting plasma glucose (FPG) level only or the combination of FPG and HbA1c tests. METHODS: Data from the 2011 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) were analyzed. Among 5,811 subjects aged 30 years or older, 5,020 were selected after excluding the data of fasting time <8 hours, missing values from fasting glucose or HbA1c level, previous diagnosis of diabetes made by physicians, or current use of antidiabetic medications. Diabetes was defined as FPG > or =126 mg/dL, previous diagnosis of diabetes made by a medical doctor, current use of antidiabetic medications, and/or HbA1c > or =6.5%. Prediabetes was defined as FPG of 100 to 125 mg/dL and/or HbA1c of 5.7% to 6.4%. RESULTS: When we used FPG only, the prevalence of diabetes and prediabetes were 10.5% (men, 12.6%; women, 8.5%) and 19.3% (men, 23.8%; women, 14.9%), respectively. When HbA1c was included as a diagnostic test, the prevalence of diabetes and prediabetes increased to 12.4% (men, 14.5%; women, 10.4%) and 38.3% (men, 41%; women, 35.7%), respectively. Participants with HbA1c > or =6.5% and fasting glucose level <126 mg/dL were older and had lower estimated glomerular filtration rate. CONCLUSION: We concluded that using fasting glucose level only may result in an underestimation of diabetes and prediabetes. HbA1c is an acceptable complementary diagnostic test for diabetes in Korean patients. However, national standardization is needed to order to use HbA1c as a diagnostic method of diabetes and prediabetes.
Aged ; Blood Glucose* ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Diagnostic Tests, Routine ; Fasting* ; Female ; Glomerular Filtration Rate ; Glucose Tolerance Test ; Hemoglobin A, Glycosylated ; Humans ; Korea ; Nutrition Surveys ; Prediabetic State* ; Prevalence*

BACKGROUND: Due to the inconvenience of performing oral glucose tolerance tests and day to day variability in glucose level, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) has been recommended by the American Diabetes Association as a method to diagnose diabetes. In addition, the Korean Diabetes Association has also recommended the use of HbA1c as a diagnostic test for diabetes. In this study, we evaluated the prevalence of diabetes according to fasting plasma glucose (FPG) level only or the combination of FPG and HbA1c tests. METHODS: Data from the 2011 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) were analyzed. Among 5,811 subjects aged 30 years or older, 5,020 were selected after excluding the data of fasting time <8 hours, missing values from fasting glucose or HbA1c level, previous diagnosis of diabetes made by physicians, or current use of antidiabetic medications. Diabetes was defined as FPG > or =126 mg/dL, previous diagnosis of diabetes made by a medical doctor, current use of antidiabetic medications, and/or HbA1c > or =6.5%. Prediabetes was defined as FPG of 100 to 125 mg/dL and/or HbA1c of 5.7% to 6.4%. RESULTS: When we used FPG only, the prevalence of diabetes and prediabetes were 10.5% (men, 12.6%; women, 8.5%) and 19.3% (men, 23.8%; women, 14.9%), respectively. When HbA1c was included as a diagnostic test, the prevalence of diabetes and prediabetes increased to 12.4% (men, 14.5%; women, 10.4%) and 38.3% (men, 41%; women, 35.7%), respectively. Participants with HbA1c > or =6.5% and fasting glucose level <126 mg/dL were older and had lower estimated glomerular filtration rate. CONCLUSION: We concluded that using fasting glucose level only may result in an underestimation of diabetes and prediabetes. HbA1c is an acceptable complementary diagnostic test for diabetes in Korean patients. However, national standardization is needed to order to use HbA1c as a diagnostic method of diabetes and prediabetes.
Aged ; Blood Glucose* ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Diagnostic Tests, Routine ; Fasting* ; Female ; Glomerular Filtration Rate ; Glucose Tolerance Test ; Hemoglobin A, Glycosylated ; Humans ; Korea ; Nutrition Surveys ; Prediabetic State* ; Prevalence*

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study is to identify the prevalence of progressive dilation in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) combined with heart failure (HF) and determine the prognostic significance and associated factors with a geometric change of an infarcted heart. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A total of 1310 AMI patients with HF (63.9+/-12.5 years, 70% male) between November 2005 and April 2011 underwent echocardiography at admission and one year later. Left ventricular (LV) remodeling is defined as 20% progression, and left atria (LA) remodeling is 10% compared with the initial volume index. RESULTS: The prevalence of both LA and LV remodeling was 13.9%; LV only was 9.3%, LA only 22.8% and non-remodeling was 55.1%, respectively. In the non-remodeling group, Killip class II was more frequent (83.9%, p<0.001) whereas in other remodeling groups, Killip class III was more frequent. Initial wall motion score index, ejection fraction, maximal cardiac enzyme, high sensitive C-reactive protein, B type natriuretic peptide, and triglyceride serum levels were significantly associated with heart remodeling. All causes of death occurred in 168 cases (12.8%) during the follow-up period. Mortality was the highest in the LV and LA remodeling group (20.9%) and the lowest in the non-remodeling group (11.4%). During the period of follow-up, the cumulative survival rate was significantly lower in the groups of LA and LV remodeling than in others (log rank p=0.006). CONCLUSION: Total mortality was significantly increased in patients AMI with geometrically progressive LA and LV dilatation.
C-Reactive Protein ; Cause of Death ; Dilatation ; Echocardiography ; Follow-Up Studies ; Heart ; Heart Atria* ; Heart Failure ; Humans ; Mortality* ; Myocardial Infarction* ; Prevalence ; Prognosis ; Survival Rate ; Triglycerides ; Ventricular Remodeling