Adult ; Brain Diseases ; chemically induced ; Ethylene Dichlorides ; poisoning ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Occupational Diseases ; chemically induced

This paper was aim to optimize the purification technology of Rehmanniae Radix Praeparata extract with macroporous adsorption resin. With the content of manninotriose as index, the absorptive flow and time were investigated, as well as kinds, amount, flow of eluent. D-101 type macroporous adsorption resin was the best choice for the purification of manninotriose. The optimized parameters were as follows: the content of manninotriose at 161.16-53.72 mg x g(-1), absorption time 240 min, eluting solvent of purified water, volume flow at 1.5 BV x h(-1), and eluant volume at 6 BV. D-101 type macroporous adsorption resin could significantly increase the purity of Rehmanniae Radix Praeparata extract with the advantage of high absorption, remove most part of impurity, and the effect of semi-works production was better.
Adsorption ; Chemical Fractionation ; Chromatography, Liquid ; instrumentation ; methods ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Rehmannia ; chemistry ; Resins, Synthetic ; chemistry

OBJECTIVETo investigate the prevalence of viral pathogen in children with severe pneumonia in Hunan.

METHODBronchoalveolar lavage fluid [BALF] were collected from 122 hospitalized children with severe pneumonia in People's Hospital of Hunan province from January 2011 to December 2011. Nested- or reverse transcription Polymerase chain reaction (PCR or RT-PCR) was used to screen Adenovirus (ADV), Human Bocavirus (HBoV), Parainfluenzaviruses1-4 (PIV1-4), Human Respiratory Syneytial virus (RSV), Influenza virus A (IFVA), Influenza virus B (IFVB), Human Rhinovirus(HRV), Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV), human coronaviruses NL63 and HKU1 (HCoV-NL63, HCoV- HKU1).

RESULTSAmong the 122 bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, viral agents were detected in 60 samples(49.1%), among which ADV (40.98%) was the most common virus, followed by RSV (7.37%) and HBoV (7.37%). Two viruses were detected in 21 individual (35%) samples, of which 20 were dual positive for ADV (40%).

CONCLUSIONADV is the most frequently detected viral etiology of severe pneumonia in children in Hunan during this year. And its Coinfection with other respiratory viruses was common.

Adenoviruses, Human ; isolation & purification ; Adolescent ; Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid ; virology ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Pneumonia ; virology ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Seasons ; Viruses ; isolation & purification

BACKGROUNDSalvianolic acid B (Sal B) is a bioactive water-soluble compound of Salviae miltiorrhizae, a traditional herbal medicine that has been used clinically for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. This study sought to evaluate the effect of Sal B on matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and on the underlying mechanisms in tumor necrosis factor-α± (TNF-α±)-activated human coronary artery endothelial cells (HCAECs), a cell model of Kawasaki disease.

METHODSHCAECs were pretreated with 1-10 αμmol/L of Sal B, and then stimulated by TNF-α± at different time points. The protein expression and activity of MMP-9 were determined by Western blot assay and gelatin zymogram assay, respectively. Nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activation was detected with immunofluorescence, electrophoretic mobility shift assay, and Western blot assay. Protein expression levels of mitogen-activated protein kinase (c-Jun N-terminal kinase [JNK], extra-cellular signal-regulated kinase [ERK], and p38) were determined by Western blot assay.

RESULTSAfter HCAECs were exposed to TNF-α±, 1-10 αμmol/L Sal B significantly inhibited TNF-α±-induced MMP-9 expression and activity. Furthermore, Sal B significantly decreased IκBα± phosphorylation and p65 nuclear translocation in HCAECs stimulated with TNF-α± for 30 min. In addition, Sal B decreased the phosphorylation of JNK and ERK1/2 proteins in cells treated with TNF-α± for 10 min.

CONCLUSIONSThe data suggested that Sal B suppressed TNF-α±-induced MMP-9 expression and activity by blocking the activation of NF-κB, JNK, and ERK1/2 signaling pathways.

Benzofurans ; pharmacology ; Blotting, Western ; Cell Line ; Cell Survival ; drug effects ; Coronary Vessels ; cytology ; Endothelial Cells ; drug effects ; enzymology ; Humans ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 ; metabolism ; NF-kappa B ; metabolism ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; pharmacology

OBJECTIVEConfirm the irritation of needle-like calcium oxalate crystals in raw Pinellia ternata.

METHODComparing the irritations of raw P. ternate containing calcium oxalate crystals, the raw P. ternate no containing calcium oxalate crystals, the pure needle-like calcium oxalate crystals isolated from raw P. ternata, the extracts of water and various solvents from raw P. ternate. by using the model of rabbits' eyes. Studying the quantity effect relationship of different concentration suspensions of needle-like calcium oxalate crystal isolated from raw P. ternate on rabbits' eyes. Observing the shape and appearance of calcium oxalate crystals in raw P. ternate and raw India Madder Root by the electro microscope and comparing their irritation degrees with the same contents of calcium oxalate crystals.

RESULTCalcium oxalate crystals in raw P. ternata showed very strong irritation property. Under the same content of calcium oxalate crystals, the irritation of raw P. ternata and pure needle-like calcium oxalate crystals isolated from raw P. ternate had no significant difference. The concentrations of needle-like calcium oxalate crystals were do relative to the degree of irritation on rabbits' eyes and they showed undoubted quantity-effect relationship.

CONCLUSIONCalcium oxalate crystal is the irritation component in raw P. ternata.

Animals ; Calcium Oxalate ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; toxicity ; Conjunctiva ; drug effects ; Cornea ; drug effects ; Crystallization ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; isolation & purification ; toxicity ; Edema ; chemically induced ; Eye Diseases ; chemically induced ; Female ; Iris ; drug effects ; Male ; Pinellia ; chemistry ; Plant Roots ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Rabbits ; Random Allocation ; Rubia ; chemistry

Objective To study the molecular mechanisms of ampicillin- resistant haemophilius influenzae (Hi)in Nanjing. Methods One hundred and fifty- eight strains of Hi isolated from children were collected to detect bata-lactamase. TEM and ROB bata- lacta-mase genes were detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) ,and cloned into T vector for sequencing. Results The rate of ampicillin resistance was 41. 77% in Hi isolated from children in Nanjing,40.51 % was found to be bata-lactamase production. Eighty-nine strain were TEM positives, 1 strain was ROB positive,63 strains bata - lactamase positive ampicillin- resistant Hi were identified. The resistance mechanism of ampicillin resistant Hi was production of bata - lactamase , mainly TEM - type enzyme. Two bata - lactamase negative ampicillin - resistant Hi were identified , predicts the other mechanisms of ampicillin - resistant Hi was occuered yet . One strain of non -TEM - type,and non - ROB - type bata - lactamase - producing Hi was identified. Conclusions Ampicillin - resisitant in Hi isolated from children in this region is challenging. TEM bata - lactamase is the principal mechanism of ampicillin - resistant of Hi.

Abdominal Wall ; Adenocarcinoma ; diagnosis ; Colonic Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; Female ; Histiocytoma, Malignant Fibrous ; diagnosis ; Humans ; Ileal Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; Ileocecal Valve ; Leiomyoma ; diagnosis ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasms, Multiple Primary ; diagnosis ; Soft Tissue Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; Uterine Neoplasms ; diagnosis

OBJECTIVETo summarize the clinical manifestation, operative method and therapeutic effect of various type of laryngeal web in infants.

METHODSThe clinical data of 12 cases were analyzed, 5 cases of which were congenital laryngeal web (4 cases, glottic type; 1 case, subglottic type), 7 cases of which were secondary laryngeal web (1 case, tuberculous laryngeal web; 6 cases, traumatic laryngeal web). Diagnosis was mainly depended on history and clinical manifestation. Final diagnosis was depended on fibrolaryngoscope and pathological report. Microlaryngoscopic surgery was the main operative method. However, specific infection should be cured before operation.

RESULTSDuring 3-18 months follow-up, 4 glottic laryngeal webs were cured. One subglottic laryngeal web case well recovered and secondary surgery is not needed at least recently. One tuberculous laryngeal web was followed up for 6 months, no vocal adhesion was observed. During 3-6 months follow-up, 1 traumatic laryngeal web was cred, while the other 6 cases need secondary surgery.

CONCLUSIONSFinal diagnosis of congenital laryngeal web is mainly depended on fibrolaryngoscope. And prognosis of it is well. Laryngeal web induced by specific infection should be cured specific infection before operation. The prevention is the key for traumatic laryngeal web because the surgery outcome is not satisfactory.

Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Laryngeal Diseases ; diagnosis ; surgery ; Laryngoscopy ; Larynx ; abnormalities ; Male ; Respiratory System Abnormalities ; diagnosis ; surgery

BACKGROUNDNumerous studies have shown that reducing the level of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα) through the use of anti-TNF antibodies or soluble TNF receptor is a safe and efficacious treatment to inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis. Therefore, novel approaches to achieve this outcome are desired. The aim of this study was to investigate the characterization of a small molecule inhibitor, Y316, which blocks TNF mRNA upregulation and TNF production by lipopolysaccharides (LPS) stimulated monocytes.

METHODSPeripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from healthy volunteers were plated in 24-well plates and stimulated with LPS (1 µg/ml), phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA) (100 ng/ml), zymosan (10 µg/ml) and Tsst (100 ng/ml). Supernatants were collected after 4-hour culture at 37°C, and quantitative determination of TNFα, interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 and IL-2 production in the supernatants was performed by colorimetric enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Total RNA of PBMC was isolated and cytokine mRNA quantitation was performed by using a RNA level measuring kit (R & D Systems). PBMC were pretreated with Y316 (10 µmol/L, 1 µmol/L, 0.1 µmol/L, 0.01 µol/L and 0.001 µmol/L) or dimethyl sulfoxide at 37°C for 10 minutes, and then stimulated with LPS or PMA, protein concentrations of p44.42, IKBα, P38 and Jun NH2-terminal kinase were determined by Western blotting. Cyclic adenosine-3',5'-monophosphate (cAMP) of PBMC was measured by enzyme immunoassay kit (Amersham Pharmacia Biotech).

RESULTSY316 blocked TNF production and inhibited the upregulation of TNF mRNA levels in response to LPS, and also prevented the production of IL-1 and IL-6. In contrast, Y316 augmented the production of IL-10 in LPS-stimulated monocytes. Y316 failed to prevent the production of IL-2 and TNF in antigen-stimulated T cells, suggesting that its effects may be cell-type specific. Y316 prevented the phosphorylation and activation of the MAPK, ERK, and therefore appeared to mediate its effects on TNF by acting at an early point in the signaling cascade induced in response to LPS. There was no effect of Y316 on cAMP levels either alone or in the presence of LPS.

CONCLUSIONSY316 appears to be a small molecule inhibiting TNF production, which may act via a novel mechanism. Identification of the target of Y316 may lead to the development of alternative strategies for achieving selective cytokine inhibition.

Anti-Inflammatory Agents ; pharmacology ; Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases ; metabolism ; Humans ; Interleukin-1 ; antagonists & inhibitors ; biosynthesis ; Interleukin-6 ; antagonists & inhibitors ; biosynthesis ; Lipopolysaccharides ; pharmacology ; Monocytes ; drug effects ; immunology ; Phosphorylation ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; antagonists & inhibitors ; biosynthesis

OBJECTIVESTo establish a primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) model by AMAM2 autoantigen injection into C57BL/6 mice.

METHODSMice of the model group were immunized intraperitonealy with 200 microl of purified recombinant AMAM2 autoantigen in complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA). Mice immunized with bovine serum albumin and CFA in the same way were used as negative controls. Sixty-six weeks later, mice were sacrificed and their sera were collected. Sera samples were assayed for AMAM2 autoantibody, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), ALT and total bilirubin (TBil). Their liver, stomach, muscle and kidney tissues were sectioned and stained using HE to observe the pathological changes.

RESULTSAntibodies to AMAM2 autoantigen were readily induced in the model group. The mice in the model group had no significant changes in the level of serum ALT and TBil but had an obvious increase of ALP (P<0.05). The stomach, muscle and kidney tissues showed no evident damage while the livers had obvious pathological changes, including bile duct degeneration or proliferation, and mononuclear cell infiltration.

CONCLUSIONThe AMAM2 autoantigen-induced PBC animal model was successfully established in C57BL/6 mice in our experiment and its characteristic biochemical and pathology are quite similar to that in the early stage of human PBC. This model may provide a useful experimental approach for further study of the pathogenesis and clinical treatment of human PBC.

Animals ; Autoantigens ; immunology ; Disease Models, Animal ; Liver Cirrhosis, Biliary ; etiology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mitochondria ; immunology