OBJECTIVE:To establish a RP-HPLC method to determinate the plasma concentration of paclitaxel in tumor patients.METHODS:Paclitaxel was extracted from plasma with organic phase(ethyl-acetate)by two-step extraction on Tianhe Kromasil C18 column(250 mm?4.6 mm,5 ?m)with a mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile-methanol-water(40∶25∶40)at a flow rate of 1 mL?min-1.The detective wavelength was set at 227 nm and the column temperature was maintained at 35 ℃.RESULTS:The linear range of paclitaxel was 0.05～5.00 mg?L-1(r=0.999 7)with average recovery rate at 98.75%～100.44%.Both intra-day RSD and inter-day RSD were less than 5%(n=5).The plasma concentration-time profile in 11 patients after iv infusion of paclitaxel was in line with a two-compartment model.CONCLUSION:This established method is simple,accurate,reproducible and applicable for clinical determination of blood drug concentration and pharmacokinetic studies.

AIM: To establish HPLC for determination of 2,3,5,4′tetrahydroxystilbene-?-O-?-D-glucoside in Radix polygoni multiflori preparata. METHODS: The column was diamonsil C_(18)(5 ?m,4.6 mm?250 mm).The mobile phase was CH_3CN-CH_3OH-H_2O(10∶20∶70) and ?=320 nm.The flow rate was 1.5 ml/min. RESULTS: The linearity was in the range of 0.0253-0.3542 ?g.The average recovery and RSD were 99.34% and 0.49%,respectively. CONCLUSION: The method is simple,precise and reproduciable and can be used for determination of 2,3,5,4′-tetrahydroxystilbene-?-O-?-D-glucoside in Radix polygoni multiflori preparata effectively.

OBJECTIVE:To establish an RP-HPLC method for the determination of doxorubicin hydrochloride concentration in human plasma.METHODS:Tianhe Kromasil C18 was used as column,A solution of methenol-0.01 mol?L-1ammonium dihydrogen phosphate-acetic acid(30200.1) was used as the mobile phase at a flow rate of 1.0 mL?min-1.The detection of wavelength was set at 233 nm.The sample size was 20?L and the column temperature was 35℃.The internal standard was daunorubicin.RESULTS:The calibration curve was linear in the range from 0.25～20.16 ?g?mL-1(r=0.999 6);the average methodological recovery was 96.45%(RSD=2.16%).CONCLUSIONS:The method is rapid,accurate,reproducible and easy to use in clinical detection of blood concentration.

ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of type-A behavior pattern on intervention of benasepril in patients with essential hypertension.MethodsAccording to the type-A behavior score patients with essential hypertension were divided into two groups:type-A group(n=80)and non-type-A group(n=80).Benazepfil was given to all patients for 3 months with gradual increase of dosage till the blood pressure (Bp)was controlled under 140/90 nlln Hg(1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa).The plasma levels of angiotensin II (Ang Ⅱ)was measured by radioimmunoassay and left yentrieular mass index(LVMI)was examined by ultrasonic echoeardiography(UCG)before and after treatmenL ResultsBefore benazepril treatment.plasma AngⅡ levels and LVMI in type-A group were higher than those in non-type-A group(P＜0.05),but there was no difference in Bp between two groups.Type-A behavior value were positively correlated with Ang Ⅱ and LVMI in two groups,but only Ang Ⅱ level was independent risk factor.Ang II levels were positively correlated with LVMI in two groups and that was more significantly in type-A group(P＜0.05-0.01).After treatment,Bp,plasma Ang Ⅱ and LVMI were all decreased significantly in two groups(P＜0.05-0.01)and Ang Ⅱ and LVMI were decreased more markedly in type-A group(P＜0.05).The variations of Ang Ⅱ and LVMI before and after treatment were positively correlated in two groups.but more markedly in type.A group (P＜0.05-0.01).CondusionCharacters may affect left ventricular hypertrophy in patients with essential hypertension through some stress factors and benazepril has better intervening effect on it.

Objective To analyze white matter hyperintensities(WMH)and brain volumes quantitatively in patients with Cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leucoencephalopathy(CADASIL)on conventional MRI and correlate them with clinical parameters.Methods Fifteen patients with CADASIL confirmed by pathological investigation underwent conventional MRI examinations.Involvement of centrum semiovale,posterior limbs of the internal capsule,corpus callosum,external capsules and white matter of the temporal poles was determined by an experienced radiologist.Normalized brain volume(NBV)and the percentage of WMH to brain volume were calculated with softwares and they were correlated with NIHSS and MMSE statistically.Results Involvement of white matter in the brains of patients with CADASIL included:semiovale centrum in 13 cases,white matter of the temporal poles in 10 cases,external capsules in 8 cases,posterior limbs of the internal capsule in 5 cases,corpus callosum in 4 cases.The percentage of WMH to brain volume was(5.7±1.4)%,and the NBV was(1602±58)×103mm3.Spearman test showed a significant relationship between age and NBV(r=-0.555,P＜0.05).There was a significant relationship between NBV and NIHSS(r=-0.624.P＜0.05).The percentage of WMH to brain volume correlated significantly with NIHSS and MMSE(r=0.522,P＜0.05;r=-0.679,P＜0.01).Conclusions The white matter hvperintensities and brain volume in patients with CADASIL can be assessed quantitatively,which showed correlation with severity of the clinical scale.The development of WMH may refleet the degree of cognitive impairment in CADASIL.

Objective To explore the influence of type A character on early renal impairment in elderly patients with essential hypertension and the protective effect of benazepril. Methods According to the type A behavior measuring scale, 80 cases with type A character and 80 cases without type A character were screened out from the elderly patients with essential hypertension. The patients received benazepril intervention with incipient dose of 10 mg daily, which increased gradually to the largest does of 20 mg daily within 1 month, The treatment lasted 6 months in order to make the patients achieve the normal blood pressure (BP). The general data, plasma angiotensin Ⅱ (AngⅡ )> urinary albumin excretion rate (UAER) and urinary β2-microglobulin (β2-MG) were measured at pretherapy and post-treatment respectively. Results There were no statistically significant differences at pretherapy between the two groups in age, gender, body mass index (BMI), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine (Cr), systolic pressure and diastolic pressure (all P>0.05). Ang Ⅱ [(60.3±11.6)mg/Lvs (55.8±10.2)mg/L], UAER[(83.3±23.3)μg/min vs. (75.7±16.3)μg/min] and β2-MG [(75.6±24.5)mmol/L vs. (66.0±19.4)mmol/L] were significantly higher in type A character group than in non-type A character group (t=2.598, 2.603, 2.742; P= 0.016,0.012, 0.008). TypeA character value of the two groups showed a positive correlation with Ang Ⅱ (r= 0.361, P=0.002), UAER (r=0.198, P=0.015) and β2-MG (r=0.202, P = 0.021). Only Ang Ⅱ (β=0.291, t=2.793, P= 0.008) was correlated to type A character value independently by multiple stepwise regression analysis. Before treatment in both of the type A character group and the non-type-A character group, there was a positive correlation between Ang II and UAER, (β2-MG, and obvious correlation in type-A character group. The systolic pressure, diastolic pressure, Ang Ⅱ , UREA and β2-MG were all decreased obviously in two groups post treatment. And the variable value of AngⅡ was also positively correlated with UAER (r=0.373, P=0.005; r=0.282, P=0.032), fr-MG (r= 0.385, P=0.003; r= 0.279, P=0.039) before and after treatment. Conclusions Type A character can aggravate injury of early renal function by certain stress systems in the elderly patients with essential hypertension and benazepril has better protective effect for it.

Objective To evaluate the vestibular function in patients with cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL). Methods Seventeen CADASIL patients were recruited in the present study and 17 healthy volunteers served as control subjects. Electronystagmogram examinations including gaze nystagmus test, spontaneous nystagmus test, saccade test, pursuit test, optokinetic nystagmus test and caloric test were performed in the subjects. Results Neither patients nor controls had gaze nystagmus or spontaneous nystagmus. There was no difference in the latency and velocity of saccade movement between patients and controls. The accuracy of the saccade movement, the accuracy in leftward saccade, was significantly lower in CADASIL group compared with controls. The pursuit movement gains was also significantly lower in CADASIL group than in control group(G_L:0.79±0.08, G_R:0.76±0.12)(t=-3.739、-2.911,P <0.05) compared with controls(G_L:0.87±0.04, G_R:0.86±0.06).The optokinetic nystagmus gains were significantly decreased in CADASIL group(G_L:0.79±0.17,G_R:0.78±0.18)(t=-2.342、-2.335,P<0.05) compared with controls(G_L:0.90±0.08,G_R:0.89±0.09). The caloric test was performed in one CADASIL patient and the result revealed an incomplete fixing inhibition. CADASIL group was further divided into normal subgroup and abnormal subgroup based on the pursuit curve. The comparison between those two subgroups demonstrated a significant correlation between the pursuit movement and the symptoms of vertigo or dizziness(P<0.05). Conclusions The central vestibular function is impaired in CADASIL patients and the abnormal vestibular function is related to the symptom of vertigo or dizziness in CADASIL patients.

Objective To investigate the activities associated with nurses’occupational exposure to bloodborne pathogens and the source patients’infection status during blood collection process,so as to provide a basis for developing occupational exposure prevention strategies.Methods Data about occupational exposure to bloodborne pathogens during blood collection process in a hospital from August 2011 to September 2013 were monitored.Results A total of 89 times of bloodborne ex-posure occurred among HCWs,including 75 times of arterial blood collection and 14 venous blood collection.The top three procedures of occupational exposures were rebounding of needles after needles were pulled out (28.09%,n=25),concen-trated cleaning up of rubbish at the end of blood collection (20.22%,n=18),and touching blood and body fluids by skin and mucous membrane (14.61%,n=13).48.31% (n=43)source patients infected with at least hepatitis B virus,hepati-tis C virus ,hepatitis E virus,Treponema pallidum,and human immunodeficiency virus ,51.69%(n=46)source patients were not infected ,after proper handling,none of nurses were infected during blood collection .Conclusion Developing safe blood-withdraw needle,putting sharp instrument into sharp instrument container,wearing gloves,and intensifying training of standard and occupational precaution are important strategies for the reducing of the occurrence of bloodborne exposure of clinical nurses during blood collection process .

Objective:To determine the risk factor for early stage atherosclerosis in elderly patients with impaired glucose tolerance(IGT).Methods:One hundred patients were divided into 2 groups,experimental group(IGT,n=50)and control group(NGT,n=50).Patients in both groups underwent high-frequency Doppler echocardiography to evaluate intima-media thickness(IMT)of carotid artery and flow-mediated diastolic function(FMD)of brachial artery,which was indicated by diastolic inner diameter changing rate(D %).The values were measured in both groups of including body height,body weight,waist line,hip line,blood pressure,fasting plasma glucose(FPG),two hours plasma glucose(2hPG),fasting insulin(FINS),triglyceride(TG),total cholesterol(TC),low density lipoprotein-cholesterol(LDL-C),high density lipoprotein-cbolesterel(HDL-C),high sensitive C-reactive protein(hs-CRP),nitrogen monoxidum(NO),body mass index(BMl),waist-to-hip ratios(WHR),and insulin resistance index with homeostasis model(HOMA-IR).The association between all of the parameters and IMT,and the risk factors for the carotid artery were analysed in IGT group.Results:The values of BMI,WHR,2hPG,TG,LDL-C,hs-CRP,FINS and IMT of carotid artery were significantly increased in IGT group compared with those of the NGT group.Conversely,NO,HOMA-IR and D% were significantly decreased in IGT group than those of NGT group(P ＜ 0.05 or P ＜ 0.01).There was positive correlation between carotid-IMT and the age,BMI,WHR,2hPG,TC,LDL-C,hs-CRP and HOMA-IR in IGT group(P ＜0.05 or P ＜ 0.01).Inversely,there was negative correlation between carotid-IMT with D% in IGT group(P ＜ 0.01).The risk factors for carotid-IMT were age,WHR,HOMA-IR and D%.Conclusion:Elderly patients with IGT have already had risk factors for early stage atherosclerosis,including age,concentric obesity,insulin resistance,and impaired endothelial function.

Objective: To investigate the effect of type-A character on endothelial function in the elderly. Methods:According to type-A character scale of Zhang Baiyuan, type-A character group and non-type-A character group were screened from the normal elderly, 60 eases for each respectively. Flow-mediated diastolic function of brachial artery was examined by high-frequency eehocardiography, which was reflected by diastolic inner diameter changing rate (D %). Other parameters included height, weight, body mass index (BMI), systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP), fasting blood glucose (FPG), triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol(TC), low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), nitric oxide (NO), endothelin (ET)and angiotensin Ⅱ (AngⅡ). All of the parameters and the scores of type-A character were compared and analyzed between the two groups. ResultS:(1) The levels of SBP and DBP were significantly higher in type A character group than those of non-type A character group (P＜0.05). There were no significant differences in values of FPG, TC, TG and LDL-C between two groups (P＞0.05). (2) The values of D% and NO were significantly lower in type A character group than those of non-type-A character group (P＜0.05 ). The values of Ang Ⅱand ET were significantly higher in type-A character group than those of non-type-A group (P＜0.05 ). (3)Pearson correlation analysis indicated that the scores of type-A character were positively correlated with Ang Ⅱ, ET, SBP and DBP (P＜0.05, P＜0.01), but negatively correlated with D% and NO (P＜0.05). Multiple linear stepwise regression analysis showed that only Ang Ⅱwas an independent risk factor for type-A character. Conclusion:h was showed that the increased Ang Ⅱinduced by abnormal activation of reunin-angiotensin-aldosteerone system (RAAS)may be the main mechanism of endothelial dysfunction in the eldedy with type-A character.