Objective To introduce a new surgical method of reconstructing A ch illes tendon by transfer of the soleus tendon flap. Methods The method was desig ned on the basis of the anatomical characteristics of the superficial muscles as sociated with Achilles tendon. It was applied to treat 12 patients with Achilles tendon defects. These patients were followed up for 0.5 to 6 years (average 39 months). Results The curative effect of the method were assessed according to Ar ner-Lindholms evaluation criteria. 9 cases were rated as excellent, 2 fine an d 1 poor, with the total excellent and fine rate being 92%. Conclusions ①Misdi agnosis and improper initial treatment are the major causes of Achilles tendon d efects. ②Systematic training after operation is very important for good curativ e effects. ③The method mentioned above brings about less trauma, less negative effects on blood supply to Achilles tendon, and good healing after operation.

Response surface methodology (RSM) based on a three-level three-factor Box-Behnken design of experiments was used to optimize the extracellular polysaccharide content and the mycelium biomass by submerged cultivation using Pholiota squarrosa AS 5.245. The critical factors selected for the investigation were temperature, time of cultivation and volume of medium, based on the results of our previous Plackett-Burman design. The objectives of this present work were to locate optimum levels of these process parameters, and to find out interactions among them for enhancement of the yield of extracellular polysaccharide and mycelium biomass. By solving the regression equation and also by analyzing the response surface contour plots, the optimal process conditions were determined: under conditions of temperature, 28.07℃; cultivation time, 8.79 d and volume of medium, 68.51 mL, the prediction of extracellular polysaccharide content (EPC) by Pholiota squarrosa AS 5.245 was 1062.69 ?g per milliliter of fermentation liquor. While cultivation temperature, time and volume of medium were 27.60℃, 9.42 d and 54.20 mL respectively, the mycelium biomass expressed as dry cell weight (DCW) was 11.32 mg?mL -1. In order to simultaneously obtain the maximum yield of EPC and DCW, the above conditions would be located at 27.62℃, 9.19 d and 64.10 mL. In these conditions, the maximum predicted yield of EPC and DCW were found to be 1050.64 ?g?mL -1 and 11.10 mg?mL -1, respectively. These predicted values were also verified by validation experiment.

Genes, Reporter ; Genetic Vectors ; Luciferases ; genetics ; Transcription, Genetic ; bcl-2-Associated X Protein ; genetics

The AC impedance of human hepatoma SMMC-7721 cells were measured in our laboratory by Agilent 4294A impedance analyzer in the frequency range of 0.01-100 MHz. And then the effect of hematocrit on electrical impedance characteristics of hepatoma cells was observed by electrical impedance spectroscopy, Bode diagram, Nyquist diagram and Nichols diagram. The results showed that firstly, there is a frequency dependence, i.e., the increment of real part and the imaginary part of complex electrical impedance (δZ', δZ"), the increment of the amplitude modulus of complex electrical impedance (δ[Z *]) and phase angle (δθ) were all changed with the increasing frequency. Secondly, it showed cell volume fraction (CVF) dependence, i. e. , the increment of low-frequency limit (δZ'0, δ[Z*] 0), peak (δZ"(p), δθ(p)), area and radius (Nyquist diagram, Nichols diagram) were all increased along with the electric field frequency. Thirdly, there was the presence of two characteristic frequencies: the first characteristic frequency (f(c1)) and the second characteristic frequency (f(c2)), which were originated respectively in the polarization effects of two interfaces that the cell membrane and extracellular fluid, cell membrane and cytoplasm. A conclusion can be drawn that the electrical impedance spectroscopy is able to be used to observe the electrical characteristics of human hepatoma cells, and therefore this method can be used to investigate the electrophysiological mechanisms of liver cancer cells, and provide research tools and observation parameters, and it also has important theoretical value and potential applications for screening anticancer drugs.
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Membrane ; Cytoplasm ; Electric Impedance ; Electrophysiological Phenomena ; Humans ; Liver Neoplasms ; Membrane Potentials

Objective To explore the effect of Bailing capsule on epithelial-mesenchymal transition( EMT) in rats with adenine-in-duced tubulointerstitial fibrosis. Methods Tubulointerstitial fibrosis animal models were established and SD rats were divided into mo-del group ( n = 30), treatment group ( n = 30) and control group( n = 30), randomly. Experimental rats were harvested at 7 w, 12 w,17 w after onset of experiment and functional evaluations were performed. Histology, immunohistology were examined to investigateboth histolopathology changes and the expression of bone morphogenic protein-7 (BMP-7), transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1 )and a-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) in kidneys at three time points mentioned above, respectively. Results Compared with controlgroup, 24 h urinary protein in model group lost increasingly and significantly difference appeared at three time points relative to controlgroup ( P ＜ 0.01 ). Urinary NAG in model group was markedly higher than that in control group from 7 w after onset (P ＜ 0.01 ) andwas increasingly raised at 12 w and 17 w (P＜0.01). The value of blood BUN and Cr in model group increased at 7 w (P＞0.05) rel-ative to control group. There was significant difference at 12 w and 17.w (P ＜ 0.01 ). Histologically, kidneys in model group, at 7 w,exhibited tubular casts and gently tubular dilation, granuloma in cortex, mononuclear cells infiltration in tubulointerstitial areas, andmild interstitial fibrosis. At 12 w, the degree of tubular injury and tubulointerstitial fibrosis gradually aggravated. Up to 17 w, diffusetubular dilation or atrophy was observed and focal tubules disappear. Diffuse interstitial fibrosis was exhibited. In normal kidneys, im-munohistochemistry suggested that the light expression of BMP-7 was detected in proximal renal tubular epithelial cells and marked ex-pression was identified in distal tubule, collecting duct, and renal tubular epithelial in junction area between cortex and medulla. How-ever, the expression of BMP-7 in kidneys of model group significantly decreased with increasing tubulointerstitial fibrosis and was nega-tive correlation with the expression of TGF-β1(r = -0. 981 P＜0.01) and α-SMA (r= -0.975 P＜0.01). Bailing capsule ad-ministration protected the expression of BMP-7 and reduced TGF-β1 and α-SMA expression before 12 w(P＜ 0.01 ). Conclusions Ourstudy shows an anti-fibrotic reno-protective function of Bailing capsule in rats with tubulointerstitial fibrosis via prevention of epithelial-mesenchymal transition at early stage. However, the beneficial effect lost with increasing tubulointerstitial fibrosis.

Objective To explorethe effect of Bailingcapsule on epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT) inrats withadenine-in-duced tubulointerstitial fibrosis .Methods Tubulointerstitial fibrosis ani mal models were established and SDrats were dividedinto mo-del group (n=30) ,treatment group (n=30) andcontrol group(n=30) ,randomly .Experi mental rats were harvested at 7 w,12 w,17 wafter onset of experi ment and functional evaluations were performed. Histology ,i mmunohistology were examined to investigateboth histolopathology changes and the expression of bone morphogenic protein-7 (BMP-7) ,transforming growth factor-?1(TGF-?1)and a-smooth muscle actin (?-SMA) in kidneys at three ti me points mentioned above ,respectively .Results Compared with controlgroup ,24 h urinary proteinin model grouplost increasingly and significantly difference appeared at three ti me points relative to controlgroup(P0 .05) rel-ative to control group.There was significant difference at 12 wand 17 w(P

Objective To explore the lymph nodes (LN) metastasis characters of the endometrial carcinoma and its relation with the patients' prognosis. Methods A retrospective study was carried out on 227 cases of endometrial carcinoma who admitted to our department and underwent LN excision from Jul. 2000 to Feb. 2008. Results Among 227 cases who underwent pelvic LN excision, there were 22 cases (9.7%) presented LN metastasis. There were 12 cases with positive external iliac LN from 20 cases of patients with data in LN grouping. Para-aortic LN excision was carried out on 138 patients. There were 6 cases with positive para-aortic LN, 5 cases of them together with pelvic LN metastasis. Those patients with cervix involvement, annex metastasis, deep myometrium infiltration, grade 2-3 and negative estrogen receptor occurred pelvic LN metastasis more frequently than the others ( P ＜ 0. 05 ). Among the 6 cases with positive para-aortic LN, there were 3 cases ( 3/6) with deep myometrium infiltration. For those whose paraaortic LN was negative, it was only 16. 7% (22 cases). But there were no difference statistically between them ( P＞ 0. 05 ). There were significant difference in 3 years disease-free survival rate between patients with positive pelvic LN or negative pelvic LN [(81. 8 ± 8. 2)% vs ( 97. 4 ± 1. 2 ) % , P = 0. 004]. While there were not significant difference in 3 years disease-free survival rate between patients with positive para-aortic LN or negative para-aortic LN [100% vs ( 96. 7 ± 1. 6) % , P ＞ 0. 05]. Single factor analysis showed that the age more than 50 years, annex metastasis and pelvic LN metastasis related with the recurrence (P ＜0. 01). But cervix involvement, deep myometrium infiltration, para-aortic LN metastasis, pathology type, tumor grade and estrogen receptor did not relate with the recurrence ( P ＞ 0. 05 ). Cox regression analysis showed that annex metastasis and the age of patients were independent risk factors affecting the recurrence ( P = 0. 011, P = 0. 025 ). Conclusions The most common site of pelvic LN metastasis is the external iliac LN for endometrial carcinoma patients. The patients with positive para-aortic LN always accompanied pelvic LN metastasis. Those patients with cervical involvement, annex metastasis, deep myometrium infiltration, poor differentiation and negative estrogen receptor be more likely exist pelvic LN metastasis. Pelvic LN metastasis may affect the prognosis of endometrial carcinoma patients.

BACKGROUND: Poly (lactic-co-glycolic-acid) (PLGA)/nano-hydroxyapatite (nHA) composite microspheres may continuously release drug in phosphate buffer solution in vitro.OBJECTIVE: To prepare 5-fluorouracil (5-Fu)-loaded PLGA/nHA microspheres, and research the effect of nHA on drug loading,encapsulation efficiency and in vitro release.DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: An in vitro materials observation was performed at Laboratory of College of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology between February and July 2009.MATERIALS: PLGA was provided by Jinan Daigang Biomaterial Co., Ltd.; nHA by Key Lab for Special Functional Materials,Ministry of Education; 5-Fu by Shanghai Kaiyang Biomaterial Co., Ltd.METHODS: 5-Fu, a water-soluble anti-cancer drug, was used as model drug, and was firstly adsorbed by nHA and coated with biodegradable and blocompatible materials of PLGA so as to prepare PLGA/nHA-5-Fu composite microspheres by a single-emulsion solvent evaporation method (S/O/W). nHA and drug-loaded nHA were analyzed by transmission electron microscope (TEM), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Drug loading and encapsulation efficiency as well as in vitro release of microspheres were studied with SEM, laser particle size analyzer, and UV-spectrophotometer.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Interaction between nHA and 5-Fu; drug loading, encapsulation efficiency, and in vitro release of Microspheres RESULTS: FTIR showed that nHA had a strong adsorption with 5-Fu. Drug loading and encapsulation efficiency of PLGA/nHA-5-Fu composite microspheres were 3.83% and 86.78%, respectively, which were significantly greater than PLGA-5-Fu microspheres. After initial burst, composite microspheres released more slowly than PLGA microspheres alone. At day 27, the cumulative release rate of composite microspheres and PLGA microspheres alone were 84.87% and 99.87%,respectively.CONCLUSION: Because nHA has a strong adsorption with 5-Fu, PLGA/nHA-5-Fu composite microspheres compared to PLGA-5-Fu microspheres alone enhances drug loading and encapsulation efficiency, and has a better drug delivery effect.

Objective To prepare an attenuated Listeria vaccine Lmdd-LMP2A expressing the Ep-stein-Barr virus latent membrane protein 2A ( EBV-LMP2A) and evaluate its specific anti-tumor effects on nasopharyngeal carcinoma.Methods The gene fragment encoding EBV-LMP2A was amplified by PCR analysis and then subcloned into the shuttle vector p1565.PCR restriction enzyme digestion and DNA se-quencing were performed to identify the recombinant shuttle vector p1565-LMP2A.The p1565-LMP2A vector was then transformed into competent strains of the attenuated Listeria monocytogenes ( Lmdd) .The recombi-nant attenuated Listeria vaccine strain Lmdd-LMP2A was verified by Western blot assay.The histological sections of spleen and liver tissues were stained by Haematoxylin and eosin ( H&E) for analysis of inflamma-tion.A tumor-bearing HLA-A2 transgenic mouse model was established by subcutaneous injection of CNE-1/HLA-A2/LMP2A nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell line.The prepared Lmdd-LMP2A vaccine was inoculated into the mice via tail intravenous injection for the evaluation of specific CTL induction and the in vivo anti-tumor effects.Results The shuttle vector p1565-LMP2A and the recombinant attenuated Listeria vaccine strain Lmdd-LMP2A with stable expression of LMP2A protein were successfully constructed.The immunized mice showed mild inflammations with no structural damage and necrosis as indicated by H&E staining.The growth of tumors in tumor-bearing HLA-A2 transgenic mice was significantly inhibited by the immunization of Lmdd-LMP2A vaccine as compared with mice without inoculation.The survival time of mice was prolonged with the immunization of Lmdd-LMP2A vaccine.Conclusion The prepared attenuated Listeria vaccine Lm-dd-LMP2A showed specific anti-tumor effects with the safety advantage, suggesting the possibility of using it for anti-tumor therapy in clinic.

OBJECTIVETo explore methods of treating middle and distal tibia nonunion with the treatment of advanced bone graft combined with locking compression plate.

METHODSFrom January 2011 to December 2012, 12 patients with middle and distal tibia nonunion were treated with advanced bone graft combined with locking compression plate. Among patients, there were 8 males and 4 females aged from 20 to 69 with an average of 47 years old. The time from first injuries to bone nonunion was from 9 months to 5 years, avergaed 19 months. Four cases were treated with external fixation, 6 cases were treated with plate fixation, 2 cases of 12 patients occurred broken of plate and nail. Eleven patients were non-infective bone nonunion and 1 patient was infective bone nonunion. Preoperative X-ray and CT showed all patients had sequestration and formation of ossified bone with different degrees. Operative time, blood loss, wound healing were observed, fracture healing time was evaluated by postoperative X-ray. Johner-Wruhs scoring standards was used to evaluate ankle joint function after operation at 10 months.

RESULTSOperative time ranged from 90 to 185 min with an average of (125.00±20.15) min; blood loss ranged from 225 to 750 ml with an average of (415.00±120.00) ml. All patients were followed up from 10 months to 2.5 years with an average of 1.5 years. Postoperative X-ray showed bone union was formed around fracture after operation at 4 months in all patients, 3 cases obtained bone healing within 6 months after operation, 9 cases obtained from 8 to 12 months. No infection, injury of nerve and vessles, and broken of plate and nail were ocurred. According to Johner-Wruhs scoring at 10 months after operation, 10 cases obtained excellent results, 1 good and 1 moderate.

CONCLUSIONAdvanced bone graft combined with locking compression plate, which can build fracture multi-point supporting based on full compression of bone nonunion to get effective fixation, is an effective method in treating middle and distal tibia nonunion.

Adult ; Aged ; Bone Plates ; Bone Transplantation ; Female ; Fracture Healing ; Fractures, Ununited ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Tibial Fractures ; surgery