Objective To compare the BIS values in patients under anesthesia with minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) of sevoflurane and median effective concentration (EC50) of propofol at loss of consciousness.Methods Sixty ASA Ⅰ or Ⅱ patients,aged 18-60 yr,undergoing elective surgery under general anesthesia,were equally and randomly divided into 2 groups:inhalational anesthesia with sevoflurane group (group Sev) and intravenous anesthesia with propofol ( group Pro).The end-tidal concentration of sevoflurane was monitored using Aestiva anesthesia machine (Datex Ohmeda) in group Sev.Anesthesia was induced with intravenous injection of etomidate 0.3 mg/kg,rocuronium 1 mg/kg,and remifentanil 0.2 μg/kg.The patients were mechanically ventilated after tracheal intubafion.Sevoflurane inhalation was started 12.5 min after intubation in group Sev.Propofol was given by target-controlled infusion with the target plasma concentration set at 3.8 μg/ml 12.5 min after intubation in group Pro.When the effect-site concentrations of propofol reached EC50 of propofol at loss of consciousness (2.2 μg/ml),1.3 EC50(2.86 μg/ml) and 1.5 EC50 (3.3μg/ml) and when the end-tidal concentrations of sevoflurane reached 1.0,1.3 and 1.5 MAC,BIS value,MAP and HR were recorded.Results HR was significantly higher at 1.3 MAC or 1.3 EC50,and at 1.5 MAC or 1.5 EC50 in group Pro than in group Sev ( P ＜0.05).BIS value was significantly decreased at 1.3 MAC or 1.3 EC50,and at 1.5 MAC or 1.5 EC50 compared with that at 1.0 MAC or EC50(P ＜0.05).There was no significant difference in MAP and BIS value at each time point between the two groups ( P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion No significant change in BIS values is found in patients under anesthesia with 1.0,1.3 and 1.5 MAC of sevoflurane and with 1.0,1.3 and 1.5 EC50 of propofol.

Cancer stem cell(CSC)plays a very important role in the genesis、relapse、metastasis and drug resistance of cancer.Traditional chemotherapeutics may kill a large part of malignant cells,but it has little effect on scanty CSC.It is enough for the relic CSC to make cancer relapse and metastasis.Targeted therapy aimed directly at CSC is the only way to cure cancer fundamentally.The specific biologic character of CSC is helpful for studying and developing targeted therapy to CSC.

Animals ; Antineoplastic Agents ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Chromones ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation ; methods ; Humans ; Leukemia ; metabolism ; pathology ; therapy ; Leupeptins ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Morpholines ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; NF-kappa B ; metabolism ; Neoplastic Stem Cells ; drug effects ; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases ; antagonists & inhibitors

Plant samples were collected and investigated periodically. According to the growth of different parts and the characteristics of dry substance accumulation of Scrophularia ningpoensis, the development of S. ningpoensis could be divided into four stages: seeding stage, stem and leaf growth stage, expanding period of root tubers, and dry substance accumulation stage of root tuber. Leaf numbers of S. ningpoensis grew gradually from one at first to 370 at the final stage, main stem leaf were 50 pieces. Leaf size increasesed with the fastest growth at the stem and leaf growth stage, average daily increase amount was 225 cm2. By the middle of August, leaf size reached to 16,270 cm2. Leaf area indexrose sharply in the seeding stage, and remained above 8 among stem and leaf growth stage and expanding period of root tubers, and rapidly reduced to zero in the stage of dry substance accumulation of root tuber. Leaf area ratio has a tendency of obvious dropping. The net assimilation rate had a small change ranges, two small peak were seeding stage and dry substance accumulation of root tuber. The value of specific leaf area was higher in seeding stage, and in the earlier stage of dry substance accumulation of root tuber. Relative growth rate changed with large ranges, higher in seeding stage, rapid decrease in stem and leaf growth stage, rose in expanding period of root tubers, and declined again in the stage of dry substance accumulation of root tuber. Crop growth rate was higher in the first and last stages, and smaller in interim stage. The growth parameters of S. ningpoensis such as relative growth rate, net assimilation rate, leaf area index, leaf area ratio, specific leaf area, crop growth rate changed along with the growth. The rule of dry matter accumulation was as follows: the dry matter increased slowly during the seeding stage and speeded up in the middle and late stages, and in dry substance accumulation of root tuber increased slower, the growth of dry matter all appeared an "S" curve, and accorded with logistic equation. Cultivation technologies of S. ningpoensis and the relevant management methods could be established according to the growth of different parts of S. ningpoensis and the characteristics of dry substance accumulation in different stage.
China ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; Plant Leaves ; growth & development ; Plant Roots ; growth & development ; Plant Stems ; growth & development ; Plant Tubers ; growth & development ; Scrophularia ; growth & development

This paper aims to investigate the regulatory mechanism of blood-activating and stasis-dissipating drugs on fecal metabolic characteristics of rhubarb-peach kernel in mice with adenomyosis (AM) using fecal metabolome method. Adenomyosis was modeled by pituitary transplantation, and after the end of modeling administration, fecal samples were collected from mice. Non-targeted metabolomics studies were performed using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) to compare the metabolic characteristics of the feces of mice in each group and to find intestinal differential metabolites and potential differential metabolic pathways. The results showed that compared with the normal group, 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan, histidine, L-acetylcarnitine, 16-hydroxy hexadecanoic acid, thromboxane B₂, etc. were significantly up-regulated, L-urobilin and prostaglandin D₃ were down-regulated in the feces of the model group, and were reversed after treatment with the rhubarb-peach kernel. The results of metabolic pathway enrichment analysis showed that tryptophan metabolism and histidine metabolism were the main intervention pathways of the rhubarb-peach kernel on AM intestinal metabolism. This study found that the underlying mechanism of the rhubarb-peach kernel in the treatment of AM is related to the intervention of intestinal metabolism of tryptophan, histidine, bile acid, choline and arachidonic acid, and the regulation of pro-inflammatory microenvironment and fatty acid metabolic homeostasis. This study has been approved by the Experimental Animal Ethics Committee of China Three Gorges University (No. 20190801).

To study the preventive effect of Grifola frondosa on nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). The rat model of NASH was established by feeding high-fat diets for 12 weeks and intervened with 0.5 g · kg(-1) · d(-1) and 1.0 g · kg(-1) · d(-1) of C. frondosa powder suspensions. The degrees of hepatocyte fatty degeneration and inflammation were observed under the optical microscope with routine HE staining. The NAFLD activity scores (NAS) were calculated. Serum ALT, AST and hepatic TG and CHOL were tested by the biochemical method. The hepatic MDA was examined by thiobarbituric acid method. The hepatic SOD was tested by the xanthine oxidase test. The hepatic GSH-PX activity was determined by the dithio-nitrobenzoic acid method. Hepatic TNF-α and IL-6 were detected by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The NASH model group induced by high-fat diets showed higher hepatic NAS, ser- um ALT, AST, CHOL and hepatic TG, CHOL, MDA, TNF-α, IL-6 (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05) and lower serum TG and hepatic SOD, GSH-PX (P < 0.01, P < 0.05) than the normal control group. After being intervened with different doses of G. frondosa, the NASH group revealed significantly lower hepatic NAS, serum ALT and hepatic TG, CHOL, MDA, TNF-α and IL-6 (P < 0.05) and higher hepatic SOD, GSH-PX (P < 0.05) than the model group. G. frondosa may prevent the further development of NASH by improving the disorder of lipid metabolism in rats with NASH induced by high-fat diets, relieving the level of oxidative stress and reducing the generation of inflammatory cytokines.
Animals ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; Grifola ; chemistry ; Humans ; Interleukin-6 ; metabolism ; Liver ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Male ; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; Oxidative Stress ; drug effects ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo study the incidence of PTEN, Mdm2 and p53 expression in different histopathological grades of astrocytoma and the signal transduction mechanism through which PTEN affects Mdm2 and p53 expression.

METHODSSurgical specimens from 68 brain astrocytoma patients were analyzed to detect PTEN, Mdm2 and p53 expression by immunohistochemical method.

RESULTSThe incidence of PTEN, Mdm2 and p53 expression was 54.4% (37/68), 41.2% (28/68) and 45.6% (31/68). The positive incidence of Mdm2 was 24.3% (9/37) in 37 cases with PTEN expression and 61.3% (19/31) in 31 cases without, which had a negative correlation between Mdm2 expression and PTEN expression (P < 0.01). Eighteen cases showed Mdm2(+)/p53(+) and 27 cases showed Mdm2(-)/p53(-). A significant correlation was found between Mdm2 and p53 expression (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe histopathological grade of astrocytoma is correlated with the loss of PTEN expression, Mdm2 amplification and p53 mutation. Mdm2 amplification, being in accordance with p53 mutation, can be inhibited by PTEN expression.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Astrocytoma ; chemistry ; pathology ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Staging ; Nuclear Proteins ; PTEN Phosphohydrolase ; Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases ; analysis ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins ; analysis ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-mdm2 ; Signal Transduction ; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 ; analysis ; Tumor Suppressor Proteins ; analysis

OBJECTIVETo explore evolution rules of phlegm and blood stasis syndrome ( PBSS) in hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis (AS) using NMR-based metabolic profiling and metabonomic approaches based on formulas corresponding to syndrome.

METHODSTotally 150 SD rats were divided into the normal group, the model group, the Erchen Decoction (ED) group, the Xuefu Zhuyu Decoction (XZD) group, the Lipitor group, 30 in each group. The hyperlipidemia and AS rat model was duplicated by suturing carotid artery, injecting vitamin D3, and feeding with high fat diet. ED and XZD were used as drug probes. Blood samples were withdrawn at week 2, 4, and 8 after modeling. Blood lipids, blood rheology, histopathology and metabolomics were detected and analyzed. Results Results of blood lipids and pathology showed hyperlipidemia and early AS rat models were successfully established. At week 2 after modeling, levels of total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) significantly increased, which reached the peak at week 4 and maintained at higher levels at week 8. ED exerted obvious effect in improving TC and LDL-C levels of early models, while XZD could greatly improve levels of TC and LDL-C of late models. Rheological results showed at week 2, there was no significant difference in whole blood viscosity, plasma viscosity, or hematocrit between the model group and the normal group (P > 0.05). At week 4 partial hemorheological indicators (such as plasma viscosity) were abnormal. Till week 8 whole blood viscosity, plasma viscosity, and hematocrit were significantly abnormal (P <0. 05, P < 0.01). As time went by, whole blood viscosity, plasma viscosity, and hematocrit showed gradual increasing tendency in the ED group, while they showed gradual decreasing tendency in the XZD group. Results of metabonomics showed significant difference in spectra of metabolites between the normal group and the model group. As modeling time was prolonged, contents of acetyl glucoprotein and glucose in the model group increased in late stage, which was in. line with results of blood lipids and hemorheology. ED showed more obvious effect in early and mid-term modeling (at week 2 and 4), and increased contents of partial metabolites (such as choline, phosphatidyl choline, glycerophosphocholine), but these changes in the XZD group were consistent with those of the model group. In late modeling (at week 8) XZD showed more obvious effect in improving contents of lactic acid, acetyl glycoprotein, LDL, creatine, choline, and glucose.

CONCLUSIONSED and XZD not only showed regulatory effects on lipid disorders, but also could improve dysbolism of Chos. In formulas corresponding to syndrome, damp-phlegm was main pathogenesis of hyperlipidema and AS in early and mid stages. Blood stasis syndrome began to occur along with it progressed. Phlegm can result in blood stasis and intermingles with stasis. Phlegm turbidity runs through the whole process.

Animals ; Atherosclerosis ; metabolism ; Cholesterol ; Cholesterol, LDL ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Hemorheology ; Hyperlipidemias ; Lipids ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Metabolome ; physiology ; Metabolomics ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Sputum ; metabolism

The megakaryocyte and platelet lineage may be one of the major sites of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection. However, whether HCMV aggravates apoptosis in normal megakaryocytes was not well investigated. Megakaryocytic cell line CHRF-288-11 and HCMV AD 169 strain were co-cultured in this study. PCR was used to detect the direct infection of the cells by HCMV IEA expression. The apoptotic cells were analyzed by morphologic observation, DNA ladder formation, annexin V/PI and PI assay with flow cytometry. The results showed that HCMV significantly inhibited the growth of CHRF cells in three different concentrations of viral infection groups (10(-3), 10(-2), 10(-1)). The viability levels in each infection groups were 77%, 73% and 68% respectively after incubation for 7 days, compared with 98% in the control group. Using annexin V/PI with flow cytometry, it was shown that the percentages of apoptotic cells viral infection in groups (10(-3), 10(-2), 10(-1)) were (21.3 +/- 2.49)%, (25.8 +/- 3.65)% and (31.4 +/- 3.91)% at 7 days after infection, while the control was (3.68 +/- 1.47)%. The apoptotic cells were further confirmed by morphologic observation and DNA ladder formation. Furthermore, PCR detection also showed the direct infection by identification of HCMV IEA expression in CHRF cells. This study suggested that HCMV could directly infect megakaryocytes and aggravated apoptosis in HCMV-infected megakaryocytes.
Apoptosis ; Cell Survival ; Cells, Cultured ; Cytomegalovirus ; pathogenicity ; DNA, Viral ; analysis ; Humans ; Megakaryocytes ; cytology ; virology ; Polymerase Chain Reaction

A in vitro platelet aggregation bioassay was developed for the quality control of XST capsules. The in vitro anti-platelet aggregation effect in rats was observed to detect the bioactivity of XST capsules. Panax notoginseng saponins and Xuesaitong lyophilizedpowder for injection were taken as standard control substances to determine the potency. According to the results, XST capsules showeda significant inhibitory effect on thrombin-induced platelet aggregation in a dose-dependent manner. The in vitro anti-platelet activity oflyophilized powder for injection was stabler than that of Panax notoginseng saponins, and so suitable to serve as a standard control substance. The biological potency of XST capsules compared with standard control substance was detected by using parallel line assay. According to the results, the established bioassay method had a good repeatability (RSD 2.92%). The sample test results could pass thereliability test(linear deviation P > 0.05, parallel deviation P > 0.05). This bioassay method could be used as one of the complementary quality control methods for XST capsules.
Animals ; Capsules ; pharmacology ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Male ; Panax notoginseng ; chemistry ; Platelet Aggregation ; drug effects ; Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors ; pharmacology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Saponins ; pharmacology