OBJECTIVE: To develop an HPLC method for the determination of arctigenin in rat plasma and study the pharmacokinetics of arctigenin nanoemulsion. METHODS: The plasma samples were extracted by ethyl acetate. The determination was carried out on an Agilent C18 column (4.6 mm × 250 mm, 5 μm) with the mobile phase consisting of methanol-0.2% phosphoric acid (52:48, V/V) and the UV detection wavelength was set at 280 nm. Quercetin was selected as internal standard. Arctigenin nanoemulsion was administered to rats by intravenous injection at a dose of 4 mg · kg-1. The plasma concentration of arctigenin at different time points was determined by the established HPLC method. The pharmacokinetic parameters were processed by DAS2.1 software. RESULTS: The calibration curve of arctigenin had acceptable linearity in the range of 0.1-10 mg · L-1 in rat plasma(r=0.9992). The lower limit of quantitation (LLOQ) was estimated to be 0.1 mg · L-1 and the lower limit of detection (LLOD) was estimated to be 0.03 mg · L-1. The mean extraction recovery rates of arctigenin QC samples at low, medium and high concentration levels were all a-bove 85%. The intra-day and inter-day precisions were less than 6%. The pharmacokinetics of arctigenin in rats after intravenous injection were fitted to a two-compartment model and the half-lives of α phase and β phase were (0.134 ± 0.085) and (1.471 ± 0.164) h, respectively. CONCLUSION: The HPLC method is simple, rapid and accurate. It can be used for monitoring the plasma concentration of arctigenin and its pharmacokinetic study. After intravenous administration of arctigenin nanoemulsion, arctigenin is rapidly distributed into tissues, but the elimination is slow.

Objective Analysis of the applied effect on three kinds of feasible diagnosis techniques in the rural area of Yuhang.Methods First,we adopted the technology training through classroom teaching.and second the model of technology extension with combination of administrative interfering and research group studying was used to promote the popular application of these techniques.Results The total cases of used these techniques were 40526.During 2006 the training rate of these techniques was 100.0%.The applicative rates for ECG,NBAP and toxoplasmosis diagnostic technology were 76.5%,100.0%,and 88.2% respectively.Conclusions Nowadays it would be the effective approaches for improving technology extension of feasible diagnosis to implement the classified administration of the technology,to strengthen the technical services,and to impmve the conditions of the technology extension based on the technical usability.

Objective: To prepare capsaicin emulgel and investigate its transdermal delivery ability in vitro, analgesic effect and skin irritation. Methods: The effect of different penetration enhancers on the percutaneous permeation of emulgel in vitro was investigated by using the modified Franz diffusion cell. The optimal prescription was determined and the transdermal absorption of capsaicin emulgel was investigated; Analgesic effect was tested by hot plate method; The rabbit skin irritation test was used to evaluate the safety of capsaicin emulgel. Results: Peppermint oil, eucalyptus oil, and azone three kinds of penetration enhancers had no significant effect on enhancing permeation effect, so the final formulation of the emulgel was optimized without penetration enhancers. In vitro transdermal test showed that the cumulative permeation quantity of commercially available creams, self-made gels and emulgel was 18.98%, 37.04%, and 54.75%, respectively. In the hot plate method, the inhibitory rates of commercially available creams and high dose of emulgel after oral administration of 30, 60, and 90 min were 14.07%, 14.49%, 16.81%, 18.63%, 22.50%, and 25.57%. The skin irritation test results indicated that emulgel has no irritation to the rabbit skin. Conclusion: Capsaicin emulgel has good percutaneous permeability without skin irritation, the middle and high dose of emulgel have good analgesic activity, which will supply evidence for the selection for the local transdermal formulations of capsaicin.

Acute Kidney Injury ; epidemiology ; pathology ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Biopsy, Needle ; methods ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Glomerulonephritis, Membranoproliferative ; epidemiology ; pathology ; Humans ; Kidney ; pathology ; Kidney Diseases ; epidemiology ; pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nephrotic Syndrome ; epidemiology ; pathology ; Ultrasonography, Interventional

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; DNA, Neoplasm ; genetics ; Female ; Gene Rearrangement, B-Lymphocyte, Heavy Chain ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains ; genetics ; Infant ; Lymphoma, B-Cell ; diagnosis ; genetics ; Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse ; diagnosis ; genetics ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Paraffin Embedding ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Young Adult

Salvia miltiorrhiza is a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and is widely used as a clinically medication for its efficiency in treating cardiovascular disease. Due to TCM is a comprehensive system, the mechanism of S. miltiorrhiza treating cardiovascular disease through integrated multiple pathways are still unclear in some aspects. With the rapid progress of bioinformatics and systems biology, network pharmacology is considered as a promising approach toward reveal the underlying complex relationship between an herb and the disease. In order to discover the mechanism of S. miltiorrhiza treating cardiovascular disease systematically, we use the auxiliary mechanism elucidation system for Chinese medicine, built up a molecule interaction network on the active component targets of S. miltiorrhiza and the therapeutic targets of cardiovascular disease to offer an opportunity for deep understanding the mechanism of S. miltiorrhiza treating cardiovascular disease from the perspective of network pharmacology. The results showed that S. miltiorrhiza treating cardiovascular disease through ten pathways as follows: improve lipid metabolism, anti-inflammation, regulate blood pressure, negatively regulates blood coagulation factor and antithrombotic, regulate cell proliferation, anti-stress injury, promoting angiogenesis, inhibited apoptosis, adjust vascular systolic and diastolic, promoting wound repair. The results of this paper provide theoretical guidance for the development of new drugs to treat cardiovascular disease and the discovery of new drugs through component compatibility.
Animals ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; drug therapy ; genetics ; metabolism ; Databases, Factual ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; chemistry ; Gene Regulatory Networks ; drug effects ; Humans ; Salvia miltiorrhiza ; chemistry ; Signal Transduction

OBJECTIVETo explore the diagnostic value of the radiologic characteristics of osteoporotic Kummell's disease.

METHODSTotal 16 patients with pathologically confirmed osteoporotic Kummell's diseases were reviewed from May 2010 to May 2012, including 4 males and 12 females with the mean age of 73.4 years (ranged, 67 to 83 years old). Radiologic imagings of all patients, including X-ray, CT and MRI, were analyzed retrospectively.

RESULTSIntravertebral linear clefts could be seen on the AP and lateral X-ray films of vertebrae. Sagittal and axial CT scans demonstrated the vacuum cleft phenomenon with liquid and air was identified within the vertebral body. Sagittal MRI showed the callapsed vertebral segment and the area of fluid signal with clear and intact border within the vertebral body. The fluid signal was low on T1-weighted images and high on T2-weighted images and stir images, which was corresponding to an intravertebral vacuum cleft.

CONCLUSIONThe radiologic characteristics of Kurmmell's diseases can provide valuable evidences for the early diagnosis.

Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Female ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Osteonecrosis ; diagnosis ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; Retrospective Studies ; Spinal Fractures ; diagnosis ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

At present, studies on traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) properties are mostly restricted to a single or two kinds of medicinal properties, but deviated from the holism of the theoretical system of TCMs. In this paper, the characteristics of pharmacological effects of different property combinations of TCMs distributing in the stomach meridian were take as the study objective. The data of properties of TCMs distributing in the stomach meridian was collected from the Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China (2005). The data of pharmacological effects of TCMs distributing in the stomach meridian was collected from all of literatures recorded in Chinese Journal Full-text Database (CNKI) since 1980, Science of Chinese Materia Medica (Yan Zhenghua, People's Medical Publishing House, 2006) and Clinical Science of Chinese Materia Medica (Gao Xuemin, Zhong Gansheng, Hebei Science and Technology Publishing House, 2005). The corresponding pharmacological effects of property combinations of TCMs distributing in the stomach meridian was mined by the method of association rules. The results of the association rules were consistent with the empirical knowledge, and showed that different medicinal property combinations had respective pharmacological characteristics, including differences and similarities in pharmacological effects of different medicinal property combinations. Medicinal property combinations with identical four properties or five tastes showed similar pharmacological effects; whereas medicinal property combinations with different four properties or five tastes showed differentiated pharmacological effects. However, medicinal property combinations with different four properties or five tastes could also show similar pharmacological effects. In this study, the medicinal property theory and the pharmacological effects of TCMs were combined to reveal the main characteristics and regularity of pharmacological effects of TCMs distributing in the stomach meridian and provide a new way of thinking and method for revealing the mechanism action of TCMs distributing in the stomach meridian and discovering the pharmacological effects of TCMs distributing in the stomach meridian.
Databases, Factual ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Meridians ; Stomach ; drug effects ; Stomach Diseases ; drug therapy

The combination of medicinal properties refers to expression forms of elements with active properties combined according to a specific sequence. The mode of medicinal property combination refers to the compatible relationship multiple medicinal property combinations. In this paper, based on the mode, safflower, Taohong Siwu decoction, Xuefu Zhuyu decoction and Buyang Huanwu decoction were taken for example to study the characteristics of the compatibility among single herb, herbal pairs and prescriptions. The authors discovered the similarities and differences among them, interpreted the self-similarity in medicinal property combinations of traditional Chinese medicines, and analyzed the compatible relationship among multiple medicinal property combinations, so as to bring forth new ideas in discovering the correlation between the compatibility study mode of traditional Chinese medicines based medicinal property combinations and the efficient compatibility of medicinal property combination.
Drug Combinations ; Drug Prescriptions ; Drug Therapy ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional

Objective To analyze clinical characteristics of pemphigoid nodularis. Methods Seven cases of pemphigoid nodularis were included in this retrospective study. The clinicopathological features of pemphigoid nodularis were retrospectively analyzed, including patients′gender, age at onset, clinical manifestations, treatment and follow?up. Results Of the 7 patients, 4 were female and 3 were male, with the median age at onset being 59 years. Clinical manifestations mainly included markedly pruritic prurigo?like lesions and nodular lesions with or without blisters. The most common misdiagnoses were nodular prurigo and eczema. Pathology showed epidermal hyperplasia and subepidermal clefts, collagen hyperplasia in the papillary dermis, and perivascular infiltration of lymphocytes and eosinophils in the superficial dermis in all the patients. Direct immunofluorescence assay showed linear deposition of IgG and C3 in the basement membrane zone, and indirect immunofluorescence was positive in 2 patients. Glucocorticoids combined with immunosuppressants were effective in all the patients. Conclusions Pemphigoid nodularis is easy to be misdiagnosed, and immunopathology is helpful for its diagnosis. Glucocorticoids combined with immunosuppressants appear to be effective for its treatment.