Objective To understand the influencing factors of the post competency of health technical personnel in township hospitals in a prov-ince,so as to provide scientific reference for improving health professionals'post competency. Methods Using stratified cluster random sam-pling,1242 health professionals from township health centers and village clinics of 14 cities were extracted and then surveyed with questionnaire. Results The average score of the respondents'post competency was 3.43,which meant they could afford most of the work. Multiple linear re-gression analysis showed that the main influencing factors of the professionals'post competency included gender,age,specialty,and training. The female,senior,nursing and health-care professionals with training exhibited a better post competency. Conclusion To realize the further develop-ment of professionals'post competency,medical students should not only be early clinical and more clinical,but also actively participate in the training and continue the education after entering the clinic. On the other hand ,the government should define the function orientation of the town-ship healthy centers and explore human resource management mode based on the post competency.

Tongluo Xingnao effervescent tablet (TLXNET) is a patented prescription, which comes from modified Xionggui decoction and can improve cognitive function. However, its effect on the urine metabolites and anti-dementia mechanism in the dementia model rats induced by hippocampal injection with Aβ25-35 remains unclear. The experiment focused on the changes in trajectory and inter-relationship among the urinary metabolite of rats in the blank group, Aβ25-35 hippocampal injection dementia model group and the TLXNET intervention group, in order to determine theirs characteristic metabolic markers and explain the anti-dementia effect of TLX-NET base on the change of metabolic trajectory of these bio-markers. According to the experimental results, 5, 6-indolequinone, 4-hydroxyphenyl pyruvic acid (4-HPPA), cortisol and 3-thiosulfate lactic were preliminarily identified as the characteristic metabolic markers. They mainly participate in dopamine system, glucocorticoids and energy metabolic pathways. TLXNET can apparently downregulate the disturbances of metabolic trajectory of the four bio-markers. The experiment indicates that the dementia model induced by injecting Aβ25-3 into hippocampus has its characteristic endogenous metabolic markers in urine, and ELXNET can ameliorate dementia by down-regulating the disturbances of metabolic trajectory.
Amyloid beta-Peptides ; metabolism ; toxicity ; Animals ; Biomarkers ; urine ; Dementia ; drug therapy ; urine ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; Female ; Hippocampus ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Humans ; Male ; Metabolomics ; Peptide Fragments ; metabolism ; toxicity ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Tablets ; administration & dosage ; Urine ; chemistry

Objective To investigate the correlation between premature beats,atrioventricular block (AVB),heart rate variability (HRV) and age as well as gender among normal children.Methods One thousand five hundred and eighty-one cases of normal children from Beijing were divided into three age groups:3 to 6-year old,～ 10-year old and ～ 12-year old.All children were evaluated with both ECG and Holter to determine arrhythmia and HRV.The arrhythmia incidence and five time-domain values of HRV were analyzed according to age,gender and the existence of ventricular premature contractions.Results (1) Both ECG and 24-hour ECG monitoring (Holter) data showed that the average heart rate (HR),the slowest HR and maximum HR of normal children decreased with age,while PR interval and QTc interval increased with age.The correlation between age and the four indices were statistically significant (P ＜0.01),except the PR interval.(2) The positive rate of arrhythmia with Holter and ECG in normal children had statistically significant difference(x2 =4.810,P ＜ 0.05).(3) The incidence of premature contraction and Ⅰ ° AVB rised or fell with increasing age(P ＜ 0.05).Compared with 3 ～6-year age group,10-year and ～ 12-year old group had highly risk tendency in premature contraction(OR =1.31,2.04).(4) The five time-domain indices of HRV were increases with age.Each age group had statistically significant difference (P ＜ 0.01).(5) The five time-domain indexes of HRV in males were higher than those in females (P ＜0.01).(6) No significant differences were found with five time-domain indexes in children with or without ventricular premature contraction (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions (1) HR of normal children decreases with age,but QTc interval increases with age.(2) The supraventricular premature contraction is the most common arrhythmia in normal children with Holter.(3) The occurrence of premature contractions increases with age,more obvious during the preadolescence.Ⅰ ° AVB occurs with age growth on a downward trend.Sex has no effect on the same arrhythmia.(4) HRV in normal children has age difference,suggesting that the pediatric cardiac autonomic nervous system (ANS) was immature.(5) The differences of HRV in sex were most significant during the preadolescence,which showed the developmental inconsistencies in cardiac ANS between male and female of preadolescence.(6) In the majority of normal children,the ventricular premature contractions were benign.

Objective To investigate the effect of tumor length and number of positive lymph nodes and the ratio of positive lymph nodes on survival in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.Methods From July 1995 to July 2005, a total of 6,691 resected lymph nodes were obtained from 526patients who underwent curative resection of the primary tumour with systematic lymphadenectomy. The survivals were analysed by life tables and Kaplan-Meier methods. Results Among patients with regional disease, the number of positive lymph nodes (＞3) was related to an increasing risk. The proportion of positive lymph nodes compared with the number of lymph nodes dissected (20 %) conferred an increased risk. The tumor length (≤5 cm, 5 cm ＜ length ＜ 7 cm, ＞7 cm) was related to an increasing risk (84.74 %, 47.79 %,36.90 %, 35.52 %; 73.41%, 46.29 %, 23.87 %, 20.64 %; 64.44 %, 13.92 %, 0, 0). Conclusion Tumor length,the number of positive lymph nodes, and the ratio of positive lymph nodes are important prognostic factors for survival in patients with esophageal carcinoma. The PTNM classification system for patients with esophageal carcinoma might consider adding number of positive lymph nodes as an important prognostic factor.

OBJECTIVETo study the effect of Tongluo Xingnao effervescent tablets on learning and memory capacity and expression of Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase in hippocampus of rats with chronic cerebral ischemia-induced learning and memory dysfunction model.

METHODThe 2-VO method was used to establish sd rat model learning and memory dysfunction induced by chronic cerebral ischemia. The 50 rats in the successfully established model were randomly divided into the model control group, the Dihydroergotoxine Mesylate tablets group (0.7 mg x kg(-1), Tongluo Xingnao effervescent tablets high dose (7.56 g x kg(-1)), middle dose (3.78 g x kg(-1)) and low dose (1.59 g x kg(-1)) groups and the sham operation group (n = 10) as the control group. The groups were orally given 10 ml x kg(-1) x d(-1) drugs for consecutively 90 days. On the 86th day, Morris water maze was adopted for them. On the 90th day, a leaning and memory capacity test was held. The brain tissues were fixed with 10% formaldehyde and observed for pathomorphism after routine slide preparation and staining. The expression of hippocampal Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase was detected with immunohistochemistry and image quantitative analysis.

RESULTCompared with the model group, all of Tongluo Xingnao effervescent tablets groups showed significant decrease in the escape latency at the 5th day in the Morris water maze, and notable increase in the frequency of the first quadrant dwell, the frequency passing the escape platform and the frequency entering effective area (p < 0.05). According to the pathomorphological detection, the control group showed a significantly higher pathological score than the sham operation group (p < 0.01), the middle dose group showed a significantly lower pathological score than the model group (p < 0.05). According to the immunohistochemistical detection, the model control group showed a remarkably lower mean OD value of Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase than the sham operation group (p < 0.05), high and middle dose groups showed a significantly higher mean od value than the model control group (p < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONTongluo Xingnao effervescent tablets can improve the learning and memory capacity, reduce pathological changes of hippocampal tissues of rats with chronic cerebral ischemia-induced learning and memory dysfunction model, and promote the expression of Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase in hippocampus.

Animals ; Brain Ischemia ; drug therapy ; enzymology ; genetics ; psychology ; Chronic Disease ; drug therapy ; psychology ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; Female ; Hippocampus ; drug effects ; enzymology ; Humans ; Learning ; drug effects ; Male ; Memory ; drug effects ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase ; genetics ; metabolism ; Tablets ; administration & dosage

In this study, we investigated the inhibitory effect of SYT-1, a new compound of tetrahydroisoquino-line, on tumor cell proliferation and underlying mechanisms. Cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) method was used to detect cell proliferation; clone formation experiment was used to detect cell clone formation ability; JC-1 probe was used to detect cell mitochondrial membrane potential; 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA) probe was used to detect intracellular reactive oxygen species; Annexin V-FITC/PI (fluorescein isothiocyanate/propidium) counterstaining method was used to detect apoptosis; Western blot assay was used to detect the expression level of related proteins. The experimental results show that SYT-1 has a significant inhibitory effect on the proliferation of six human-derived cancer cells. Among them, the inhibitory effect on breast cancer MCF-7 cells is the strongest, the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀) of SYT-1 of 48 h administration on MCF-7 cells is 5.87 μmol·L^-1, which is better than that of cisplatin (8.92 μmol·L^-1). Further studies have shown that SYT-1 can dose-dependently inhibit the monoclonal formation ability of MCF-7 cells, and can cause the mitochondrial membrane potential of the cells to decrease and the level of reactive oxygen species to increase. In addition, SYT-1 can significantly inhibit the activation of PI3K-Akt (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B) signaling pathway and induce apoptosis of MCF-7 cells. The above research results show that, as a new type of tetrahydroisoquinoline compound, SYT-1 has the potential to inhibit tumor cell proliferation.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the apoptosis-inducing effect of trichloroethylene (TCE) on cultured normal human epidermis keratinocytes (NHEK) in vitro.

METHODSNR(50) values (the concentration of neutral red absorbed is reduced to 50%) of TCE on NHEK were assayed by neutral red uptake (NRU), and the administered dose of TCE was determined. Lipid peroxidation (LPO) and oxidative stress were assessed by measurement of malondialdehyde (MDA) contens and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) were used to observe morphologic changes, flow cytometer (FCM) was used to measure DNA contents and calculate cell apoptosis rate and proliferation index (PI).

RESULTSNR(50) values of TCE on NHEK was found to be 4.53 mmol/L (95% CI: 3.92-5.13 mmol/L). The increase in MDA content and inhibition of SOD activity in a concentration-dependent manner were shown after NHEK was treated with a series of dose of TCE 4 h later, and typical morphologic changes of apoptosis were also observed by TEM examination. FCM analysis revealed a sub-G(1) peak in the apoptotic cells. The apoptotic rate in TCE 0.125, 0.500, 2.000 mmol/L exposed groups (31.83%, 38.63%, 44.35%, respectively) were significantly higher than that in blank control (18.42%), while PI in TCE 0.125, 0.500, 2.000 mmol/L group (3.26%, 2.48%, 2.07%, respectively) were significantly lower than that in blank control (4.99%).

CONCLUSIONTCE may induce apoptosis of cultured NHEK in vitro, and inhibit cell proliferation through lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress.

Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Cells, Cultured ; Epidermis ; cytology ; drug effects ; Humans ; Keratinocytes ; drug effects ; Lipid Peroxidation ; Oxidative Stress ; Trichloroethylene ; toxicity

OBJECTIVETo verify the efficacy of Jianpi-xingniao needling therapy on prevention and treatment of motion sickness.

METHODSSixty volunteers of motion sickness were randomized into an acupuncture group and a delayed acupuncture group, 30 cases in each one. In the acupuncture group, acupuncture was given at Baihui (GV 20), Sishencong (EX-HN 1), Neiguan (PC 6), Zusanli (ST 36) and Hegu (LI 4). The needles were retained for 20 min. The treatment was given twice a week and 10 treatments were required. In the delayed acupuncture group, acupuncture was postponed, meaning no acupuncture during observation stage. Graybel scale was adopted to observe the score of symptoms and physical signs of the subjects of motion sickness before and after intervention. The efficacy was compared between the two groups.

RESULTSTwenty-five cases in the acupuncture group and 22 cases in the delayed acupuncture group were included in the statistical analysis. The score of symptoms and physical signs of motion sickness was reduced significantly after treatment in the acupuncture group as compared with that before treatment (10.12 +/- 3.37 vs 0.92 +/- 0.40, P < 0.05). The score in the acupuncture group was lower apparently than that in the delayed acupuncture group (0.92 +/- 0.40 vs 9.86 +/- 2.53, P < 0.05). The difference was not significant before and after treatment in the self-comparison of the delayed acupuncture group (P > 0.05). The total effective rate was 96.0% (24/25) in the acupuncture group, which was significantly better than 0.0% (0/22) in the delayed acupuncture group (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONJianpixingniao needling therapy relieves the symptoms of motion sickness in the patients and achieves a better clinical efficacy.

Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Motion Sickness ; therapy ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo establish the HPLC fingerprint of Rhizoma Polygoni Cuspidati (Polygonum cuspidatum).

METHODThe HPLC separation was carried with Diamonsil C18 column and eluted with a gradient from methanol and 0.1% phosphoric acid, the detection wavelength was at 230 nm and recording 70 min. The similarity of chromatograms was compared by mean of the software from Zhongnan University.

RESULTThe constituents of P. cuspidatum were well separated by HPLC, and the similarity was above 0.80.

CONCLUSIONThe method can be used for the study of fingerprints of Rhizoma Polygoni Cuspidati.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Emodin ; analogs & derivatives ; analysis ; Fallopia japonica ; chemistry ; classification ; Glucosides ; analysis ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; classification ; Quality Control ; Reproducibility of Results ; Rhizome ; chemistry ; Stilbenes ; analysis ; Technology, Pharmaceutical ; methods

OBJECTIVETo explore mechanism of dermal toxicity of trichloroethylene(TCE).

METHODSNormal human keratinocytes (KC) were isolated from foreskins of healthy donors undergoing circumcision by two-step trypsin digestion and cultured in serum-free medium. Cells were treated with medium, 1% acetone (volume fraction) 0.125, 0.500 or 2.000 mmol/L TCE for different time (4, 8, 12 or 24) hours. After treatment, MTT assay and ATPase activity detected, inhibition ratio of mitochondrial enzyme was calculated according to optical density (A) value of MTT assay. Mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) was detected by flow cytometry FCM after being stained with Rhodamine123 (Rh123). Morphological changes were also observed through transmission electron microscope (TEM).

RESULTSCellular viability and ATPase activity declined with dose of TCE, while inhibition ratio of mitochondrial enzyme increased with dose of TCE. FCM results showed that after treatment with 2.000 mmol/L TCE, fluorescence density of Rh123 decreased quickly from 18.73 +/- 0.45(0 h) to 8.20 +/- 0.66(8 h) (P < 0.01). After 8 h, fluorescence density maintained at the level equal to that of 8 h (fluorescence density of Rh123 were 8.20 +/- 0.36 and 8.20 +/- 0.40 for 12 and 24 h respectively, compared with that for 8 h group, P > 0.05). The results also showed that MMP diminished with dose of TCE. Under TEM, mitochondria in TCE-treated group appeared extensive swelling and vacuolar degeneration with less matrix and obscure or vanished mitochondria cristae but in control group, mitochondrial structure was integrated, with uniform matrix and visible mitochondria cristae.

CONCLUSIONSTCE could inhibit mitochondrial metabolic enzyme, reduce ATP production, diminish MMP, and destroy ultrastructure of mitochondria in KC, all these contributing to the cytotoxicity of TCE.

Cell Survival ; drug effects ; Cells, Cultured ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Humans ; Keratinocytes ; drug effects ; metabolism ; ultrastructure ; Male ; Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial ; drug effects ; Microscopy, Electron, Transmission ; Mitochondria ; drug effects ; metabolism ; ultrastructure ; Trichloroethylene ; toxicity