OBJECTIVETo perform a meta-analysis on clinical outcomes of minimally invasive percutaneous plate osteosynthesis (MIPPO) or open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) for distal tibial fractures in adults.

METHODSPubmed database (from 1968 to March 2014), Cochrane library and CNKI database (from 1998 to March 2014) were searched. Case-control study on minimally invasive percutaneous plate osteosynthesis (MIPPO) or open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) for distal tibial fractures in adults were chosen,and postoperative infection, operative time, blood loss, fracture nonunion rate, delayed union,fracture malunion rate were seen as evaluation index for meta analysis. The system review was performed using the method recommended by the Cochrane Collaboration.

RESULTSTotally 5 studies (366 patients) were enrolled. Meta-analysis showed that there were significant meaning in postoperative infection between MIPPO and ORIF [OR = 0.23,95% CI (0.06,0.92), P = 0.04]; fracture nonunion rate in MIPPO was lower than in ORIF group [OR = 0.16, 95% CI (0.03,0.76), P = 0.02]; operative time in MIPPO was shorter than in ORIF group, and had significant difference [MD = -14.42, 95% CI (-27.79, -1.05), P < 0.05]; blood loss in MIPPO was less than in ORIF group [MD= -87.17,95%CI (-99.20, -75.15), P < 0.05]; there was no obviously meaning in delayed union between two groups.

CONCLUSIONFor distal tibial fractures in adults, MIPPO has, advantages of short operative time, less blood loss, lower incidence of infection and fracture non-uniom, but with high fracture malunion rate. MIPPO for distal tibial fractures in adults is better than ORIF, and the best treatment should choose according to patient's condition.

Bone Plates ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; methods ; Fracture Healing ; Humans ; Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures ; methods ; Operative Time ; Tibial Fractures ; surgery

OBJECTIVEThis study simulated clinical implant surgery using squeeze technique by establishing a rational animal model. To measure the morphologic parameters in order to observe the agglutination of the cancellous bone after being compressed. The study wanted to get some favourable support of implant squeeze technique in bone healing and obtaining primary stabilities of implants, so as to provide some reasonable and valid guidance in the application and improvement of implant squeeze technique.

METHODSThe cancellous bone in condyles of femur of dog had been chosen as the experimental position, prepared the implant holes using squeeze technique according to different compressing extent (0, 0.6, 1.2, 2.0 mm), and then inserted the corresponding implants into them. After different healing periods (1, 2, 4, 12 weeks), the mongrel dogs were sacrificed and the hard tissue slices were made and then the morphologic parameters were measured.

RESULTSThe morphologic parameter of the bone tissue shows that after being compressed, the trabecular bone thickness was almost constant, while the trabecular bone number increased, and the trabecular bone spacing decreased, obviously in the 1-week and 2-week groups. The differences went down gradually along with the extend of healing time.

CONCLUSIONThe clinical implant surgery using squeeze technique can improve peri-implant bone density so it is good for obtaining primary stabilities of implants.

Agglutination ; Animals ; Bone Density ; Bone and Bones ; Dental Implants ; Dogs ; Osseointegration ; Prostheses and Implants ; Wound Healing

Objective To explore the influence of 30 day feeding test of health food containing caffeine on the physiological state of SD rat.Methods SD rats were randomly divided into five groups according weight :three health food containing caffeine(1.64,3.28,6.57 g/kg),one health food containing reduced caffeine (6.48 g/kg)and the control group. Haematological and biochemical parameters were measured at the end of experiment,and main organ tissue analysis was also performed.Results Weight at the end of 4 week,weight after absolute diet,total weight increased,and total food consumption and food consumption at the end of 4 week in 6.57 g/kg groups of male rats were decreased compared with the control group (P <0.05 ).Conclusion In comparison with 6.48 g/kg group,all those changes may be caused by overhigh caffeine in 6.48 g/kg group.

OBJECTIVETo preliminarily research the formular about the Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) syndrome of adolescent neck pain.

METHODSAn observation table of adolescent neck pain syndromes was formulated,and 1 397 patients with adolescent neck pain were investigated to establish a database of adolescent neck pain. The Descriptive Statistical Analysis and Hierarchical Cluster Analysis were performed by statistical software.

RESULTSTotally 60 TCM symptoms was clustered into 4 TCM syndromes by Hierarchical Cluster Analysis. The expert panel of TCM syndromes preliminarily formulate 4 TCM syndromes of adolescent neck pain by analyzing the result of Cluster Analysis and discussing their clinical experience.

CONCLUSIONAdolescent neck pain is a category of Tendon Trauma's Bi-syndrome of TCM. Ying, Wei, Qi and blood block caused by exopathy, strains, and internal injury is considered as the main pathogenesis of adolescent neck pain. Base on statistical result and expert's opinions, 4 TCM syndromes about adolescent neck pain were formulated: cold-dampness syndrome, dampness-heat blockage syndrome, liver-stagnation and spleen-deficiency syndrome, Qi and Yin deficiency of both heart and kidney syndrome.

Adolescent ; Adult ; China ; epidemiology ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Neck Pain ; diagnosis ; epidemiology ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVEThis study was performed to evaluate the relationship between the stent fracture and restenosis after drug-eluting stent implantation.

METHODSThe study enrolled 536 patients with angiographies during stenting procedure and follow-up, the patients were divided into DES group (n=397) and BMS group (n=139). The coronary angiography images were analyzed to detect restenosis and stent fracture.

RESULTSRestenosis rate was significantly lower in DES group (31/397, 7.8%) compared that in BMS group (30/139, 21.6%, P<0.05). Stent fracture (n=5) was found only in DES group and not in BMS group (P<0.05). Restenosis were found in all stent fracture segments. The stent fracture developed at the angulated tortuosity lesions.

CONCLUSIONStent fracture is one of the causes of restenosis after drug-eluting stents implantation and related to implantation of long DES stent at the location of angulated tortuosity lesions.

Aged ; Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary ; Coronary Restenosis ; diagnostic imaging ; etiology ; Drug-Eluting Stents ; adverse effects ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prosthesis Failure ; Radiography ; Retrospective Studies ; Ultrasonography

Objective To evaluate the clinical characteristics and surgical treatment of renal stenosis resulting from fibromuscular dysplasia ( FMD ). Methods 16 cases from 1998 to 2011 were reviewed,the average age was (28 ± 13 ) years old. Among them, all patients suffered refractory hypertension and only one presented renal dysfunction. Aorto-renal bypass was performed in 2 cases.Resection and reconstruction was performed in 2 cases,balloon angioplasty in 10 and stent implantation in 3.Results There was 1 death peri-operatively.13 out of 15 cases were followed-up with no death.Significant decline of blood pressure [ (134 ± 14 )/( 83 ± 8 ) mm Hg vs.( 151 ± 17 )/( 96 ± 16 ) mm H g ( P ＜ 0.01 ) ]and 100％ effective rate were observed.The creatine level were preserved after surgical treatment [ (61 ±22) μmol/L vs.(69 ± 22) μmol/L,(P ＞ 0.05 ) ] with 4 cases improved and the other 9 stable.12 patients received ultrasound surveillance with only one case of 20％ restenosis. Conclusions Renal stenosis due to FMD are most common in children and the youth with hypertension as major presentation. Balloon angioplasty is the first choice of surgical treatment with positive efficacy.

Objective To retrospectively analyze the geometrical characteristics of abdominal aortic aneurysms undergoing endovascular treatment in a single medical center.The long-term effects as well as the strategies for the prevention and treatment of complications have been reviewed.Methods From January 2003 to December 2010,clinical data and geometrical parameters of 344 cases undergoing endoluminal repair of abdominal aortic aneurysms were analyzed retrospectively.Results The diameter and length of proximal neck was (23 ± 3 )mm and ( 26 ± 12) mm respectively.The angle between the neck and the abdominal aortic aneurysm was (25 ± 28) degree.The surgical success rate was 99.7％.The average follow-up time was 32.9 months (3 -84 months) with follow-up rate 81.8％ (279/341).The mortality was 1.1％ (3/279),the re-intervention rate was 10.4％ (29/279) and the overall complication rate was 12.9％ ( 36/279),including endoleak of 5.7％ ( 16/279 ),stent-graft migration of 1.1％ ( 3/279 ),aneurysm expansion or rupture of 5.4％ ( 15/279 ),and other complications like limb occlusion.Severe infrarenal aortic neck angulation ( ＞ 60 degree) was associated with type Ⅰ endoleak ( P =0.010 ).Conclusions A careful preoperative case selection and evaluation is the key for a successful endovascular aneurysm repair.Endoleak continues to be the major long-term complication of the endoluminal grafting technique,and the major cause for re-intervention.Life-long follow-up is extremely important.

Clinical epidemiologic data and animal experimental studies regard estrogen as being protective against the development of cardiovascular diseases. The mechanisms by which estrogen affects the development of vascular diseases are not clear. Recent studies demonstrated that the cardiovascular protective effects of estrogen are closely related to nitric oxide (NO) pathway. Our previous study proved that estrogen inhibited the proliferation and oncogene expression of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) induced by endothlin 1 (ET-1) and serum,this effect was mediated by NO release. In the present study, we investigated the role of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in the VSMCs cycle arrest induced by 17 beta-estradiol (E(2)). The effects of E(2) on iNOS activity and protein expression in cultured rat VSMCs and the influence of NOS inhibitor N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methylester (L-NAME) on the inhibitory effect of E(2) on cell cycle were investigated. NOS assay kit was used to measure the activity of iNOS and protein expression of iNOS was determined by Western-blot. Cell cycle analysis was accessed by flow cytometry. The results obtained showed that E(2) increased iNOS activity of VSMCs but not in a dose-dependent manner. E(2) 10 nmol/L increased the iNOS activity of VSMCs distinctly at two time points: 30 min and 12 h. These effects were significantly inhibited by estrogen receptor (ER) antagonist Tamoxifen (0.1 micromol/L) and NOS inhibitor L-NAME (1 micromol/L). E(2) increased iNOS protein expression of VSMCs in a dose-dependent manner. The effect of E(2) on iNOS protein expression of VSMCs started at 3 h, distinctly increased at 12 h and then decreased. Tamoxifen significantly inhibited the E(2)-induced iNOS protein expression of VSMCs. ET-1 increased cell percentage of S phase and G(2)+S/G(1). This effect was inhibited by E(2). L-NAME significantly attenuated the inhibitory effect of E(2) on cell cycle of VSMCs. The results suggest that E(2) induced G(1) arrest of VSMCs, which was associated with an increase in iNOS activity and protein expression of VSMCs. These effects were at least mediated by estrogen receptor partly.
Animals ; Cell Cycle ; drug effects ; Cell Division ; drug effects ; Cells, Cultured ; Endothelin-1 ; metabolism ; Estradiol ; pharmacology ; Estrogen Antagonists ; pharmacology ; Female ; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular ; cytology ; Nitric Oxide Synthase ; metabolism ; physiology ; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II ; Rats ; Tamoxifen ; pharmacology

This is to report the study of degradation of earthworm extracts prepared by wet superfine grinding in simulated gastrointestinal environment. Enzymatic reactions were terminated by adjusting the solution pH or using membrane bioreactor principle. Earthworm protein concentration change was detected by Bradford method, the degraded state of protein was described with SDS-PAGE technology, and the degraded state of small molecule substances was detected by HPLC. The results showed that earthworm protein degraded completely in artificial gastric juice. High molecular weight protein degraded greatly in artificial intestinal fluid, while low molecular weight protein was not significantly degraded. Small molecular substances degradation did not degrade in artificial gastric juice, while they degraded obviously in artificial intestinal fluid, there is even new small molecule substance appeared. Finally it is concluded that the substance that having therapeutic effects in vivo may be some degraded peptide, amino acid and stable small molecules existed in artificial intestinal fluid.
Animals ; Biodegradation, Environmental ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel ; Gastric Juice ; metabolism ; Gastrointestinal Tract ; metabolism ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Materia Medica ; metabolism ; Oligochaeta ; metabolism ; Proteins ; metabolism

Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is mutated, dysregulated or overexpressed in many epithelial malignancies, and EGFR activation has been found to be important in tumor growth and progression. Anti-EGFR monoclonal antibodies target the extracellular domain of EGFR; and show promising anti-tumor potential at clinical trials without severe side effects. In this article the pharmacokenetics and clinical study of 3 anti-EGFR monoclonal antibodies (cetuximab, panitumumab and nimotuzomab) were reviewed.
Antibodies, Monoclonal ; pharmacokinetics ; therapeutic use ; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized ; Antineoplastic Agents ; therapeutic use ; Cetuximab ; Humans ; Neoplasms ; therapy ; Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor ; antagonists & inhibitors ; immunology