Objective To investigate the prevalence of latent tuberculosis infection(LTBI),and to identify the risk factors in primary schoolchildren from Shanghai through the population-based field investigation combined with the tuberculosis infection enzyme-linked immunospot assay(T-SPOT.TB)assay.Methods The children in grade 4 and 5 were enrolled from four primary schools in Pudong new district and Yangpu district of Shanghai.Questionnaire interview was applied to investigate the soeiodemographic and clinical information related to LTBI.The T-SPOT.TB assay was used to detect LTBI in the enrolled subjects.Univaitate and multivariate analyses were used to identify the risk factors associated with LTBI among the primary schoolchildren.Results Totally 472 schoolchildren were enrolled in the present study,with 439(93.0%)being vaccinated with bacillus calmette-guerin (BCG) and ten (2.1%) having contact history with tuberculosis (TB) patients.Among the 472 eligible subjects,16(3.4%) children were T-SPOT.TB positive,who had no clinical symptoms andsigns relevant to TB and were defined as LTBI.The LTBI prevalence in BCG vaccinated and unvaccinated children were 2.7% and 12.1%,respectively (OR:6.972;95%CI:1.834-26.500);those in TB contacts and children without TB contact history were 30.0% and 2.8%, respectively (OR: 16. 38; 95% CI: 3. 692-72. 700). Conclusions The prevalence of LTBI among senior schoolchildren in Shanghai is 3.4%. BCG vaccination is protective for children from LTBI, while daily contacts with TB patients increases the risk of LTBI in schoolchildren.

Objective To investigate the application of tissue microarray (TMA) technique in human brain gliomas. Methods The TMAs containing 50 glioma specimens of all pathological grades were constructed. The immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization techniques were used to detect the expressions of Ki-67, mutant P53 protein and wild-type p53 mRNA. Results The expression of Ki-67 was significantly associated with the pathological grades (P<0.05). There was significant correlation between the expression of mutant P53 protein and wild-type p53 mRNA (P<0.001), as well as p53 mutation and Ki-67 (P<0.05). Conclusion It's feasible and valuable to utilize TMA technique in research on human brain gliomas.

Objective To analyze 4 child patients with 3-methylcrotonyl-coenzyme A carboxylase deficiency (MCCD) identified by neonatal screening and confirmed by urine gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and genetic analysis.Methods Newborns whose C4DC + CSOH concentration was above 0.6 μmol/L in newborn screening were recalled for rescreening,and the CADC + C5OH concentrations in their mothers were detected.The child patients suspected with MCCD were further confirmed by urine GC/MS and genetic analysis.Results Three child patients were definitely diagnosed as MCCD by genetic analysis,including 1 MCCD,1 maternal MCCD and 1 paternal MCCD.The other 1 child patient suspected with MCCD had only one allele in MCCC1.Conclusion The mother and father of newborns with elevated C4DC + C5OH identified in neonatal screening should routinely perform MS / MS testing.When only one pathogenic locus is found in the suspected MCCD child patients by genetic analysis,they should be followed up regularly.

flow cytometry.A strong linear relationship was observed in the standard curve of real-time PCR of each bacteria. Conclusion These three non-culture methods can be used in the quantitative analysis of oral microorganisms.Real-time PCR and laser scanning confocal microscopy are better than the traditional culture-based CFU count,and real-time PCR is the most sensitive method.

Objective To detect the differential gene expression between Streptococcus sobrinus(S.sobrinus) 6715 and its fluoride-resistant strains. Methods The fluoride-resistant strains of S.sobrinus 6715 was induced by increasing the concentration of fluoride step by step.Total RNA of both S.sobrinus 6715 and its fluoride-resistant strains was extracted,mRNA was separated and purificated,and then cDNA was obtained by reversed transcription.Suppression subtractive hybridization(SSH) technology was used to detect the differential gene expression between them.The differential gene expression fragments were cloned and compared with the GenBank by BLAST.Results After comparing with the GenBank by BLAST,it was identified that there were two differential gene expression fragments,fruA and SMU.438c. Conclusion The cDNA subtractive lib of differential gene expression between S.sobrinus 6715 and its fluoride-resistant strains was successfully constructed through SSH,which paves a way for the further study of fluoride-resistant mechanism.

8).The amount of the targeted microorganisms(Streptococcus mutans,Streptococcus sobrinus,Actinomyces viscosus and Actinomyces naeslundii) and the total number of bacterial cells were determined by real-time PCR based on SYBR-Green I fluorescence.Results The percentages of the four targeted bacteria in high-caries group were significantly higher than those in caries-free group(P

Objective To evaluate the safety of magnesium borate ore powder (MBOP) as a molluscicide, especially for the arsenic content in the soil samples from the fields used MBOP over more than one year. Method The arsenic in the soil samples was assayed by using the AgDDTC method recommended by the government. Result In all of the soil samples, the arsenic contents did not exceed the national health criterion. However, the arsenic in the MBOP treated soil samples was higher than that in the control one′s. Conclusion The application of MBOP as a molluscicide in the fields does cause some side effects on the environment.

To propose a formula method of medicated diet based on medicinal property combination patterns in this paper under the context of lack of innovation in medicated diets. By analyzing the property combination patterns of traditional Chinese medicine and commonly used foods recorded in the pharmacopoeia, medicated diet formulae were optimized by using the greedy algorithm, with the property combination patterns of classical formulae based on the syndrome differentiation and treatment. In this paper, the Baihu Rensheng decoction, which is a classical formula for treating lung and stomach heat-derived diabetes, was taken for example in the formula design. As a result, totally 18 medicated diet formulae were developed and proved to be rational in the analysis on traditional Chinese medicines and nutriology. This method expands the way of thinking for personalized diet therapies and provides theoretical basis the industrial development and clinical application of medicated diets.
Animals ; Diabetes Mellitus ; diet therapy ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; Diet ; Diet Therapy ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Phytotherapy

The prescription combinations of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) focuses on the taste and channel tropism, the Qi movement, as well as the compatibility according to multiple combination principles and medicinal property and flavor combination of several traditional Chinese medicines. With the in-depth study on the prescription compatibility, researchers have realized that the medicinal property theory is the core of TCM combinations. However, there is no definite method for combinations based on medicinal properties. In this paper, the authors put forward an method for designing prescription combinations based on bipartite graph and the greedy algorithm. With the medicinal property combinations of Siweilurong Pills for example, the authors proved this method could provide ideas for quickly choosing herbal medicines for prescription combinations, and discussed the prospect of this method in substituting previous and endangered herbal medicines and banned medicinal materials.
Algorithms ; Drug Combinations ; Drug Prescriptions ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Phytotherapy

Objective To profile the phenotype and pathogens of cutaneous and mucous mycoses in a dermatology outpatient clinic in Nanchang region. Methods A review was performed to assess cutaneous and mucous mycoses diagnosed in the dermatology outpatient clinic of Dermatology Hospital of Jiangxi Province from 2006 to 2008. The relationship of clinical phenotype and pathogens to season, patients' age and gender was analyzed. Results A total of 7251 cases were collected, and the ratio of male to female patients was 2.3: 1. The most prevalent mycoses included tinea cruris (2702, 37.1%), pityriasis versicolor (1505, 20.8%) and tinea manus (727, 10.0%). In total, 4953 fungal strains were isolated from all the patients except for those with pityriasis versicolor, of them, Trichophyton rubrum accounted to 69.9%, Candida to 20.4%, and Trichophyton violaceum to 4.5%. Season, patients' age and gender were found to be associated with clinical phenotypes and pathogens of mycoses. Conclusions In the dermatology outpatient clinic of Nanchang region, tinea cruris is the most common superficial fungal disease, with the predominant pathogen being Trichophyton rubrum. Trichophyton violaceum is the primary pathogen of tinea capitis, which is different from other reports.