Objective To evaluate efficacy in detecting lung nodules at low-dose CT(LDCT) by nodule enhanced viewing(NEV).Methods One hundred and twenty seven patients who were referred to undergo low-dose CT (LDCT) for the evaluation of pulmonary metastasis or screening lung cancer were selected randomly.Two radiologists with at least 10 years experience read the images with normal clinical reading speed to find actionable nodules ≤ 2.0 cm in maximum diameter,and their consensus result was referred as Standard.NEV was adopted to detect the pulmonary nodules.Two residents with experience of less than three years read first detected suspicious nodules and recorded reading time,first consensus and mean time were recorded.Then,they made second decisions on the images with the help of NEV and the results and the reading time were recorded and analyzed by using wilcoxon test.The sensitivity and accuracy of NEV,residents and residents with NEV were analyzed.Results Standard,resident,NEV and resident with NEV detected 570,404,768 and 593 lung nodules ≤2.0 cm in maximum diameter,respectively.More than 60％ nodules were less than 0.5 cm in maximum diameter.The performance of NEV in detecting nodules ≤2.0 cm as well as nodules ＜ 0.5 cm in maximum diameter was significantly higher than that of the resident(Z =-6.887,P ＜0.01 and Z =-7.235,P ＜0.01),and the performance of resident with NEV indetecting nodules ≤2.0 cm as well as nodules ＜ 0.5 cm in maximum diameter was significantly higher than that of resident without NEV (Z =-6.606,P ＜ 0.01 and Z =-6.657,P ＜ 0.01).The resident,NEV and the resident with NEV detected nodules ＜ 20 mm in maximum diameter with sensitivities of 61.4％,86.3％ and 95.3％,and with accuracy of 56.1％,58.1％ and 87.6％,respectively.The resident achieved sensitivities of 51.4％,88.1％ and 94.8％,and accuracy of 47.0％,56.9％ and 87.5％ for nodules ＜5 mm in maximum diameter,respectively.The resident,NEV and resident with NEV spent 120-444 s,85-262 s and 131-1512 s per case to read the CT scans,respectively.The reading time of resident with NEV in was significantly higher than that of resident without NEV(Z =-9.781,P ＜ 0.01).The resident spent 23 s per NEV mark.Conclusion NEV considerable improves the resident's performance in lung nodule detection,especially in maximum diameter ＜ 0.5 cm nodule detection.

Objective To explore the possibility of non-discarding blood after cisplatin hyperther-mic antiblastic perfusion(HAP)in treating the patients with malignant bone tumor of lower extremity.Methods Forty patients consisted of 31osteosarcomas and9malignant fibrous histiocytomas of bone.The clinical stages were wholly classified intoⅡB stage according to Ennekings surgical staging system for muscu-loskeletal tumors.The patients were divided into three groups:group1:discarding blood group(10cases),in whom200ml of the400ml blood remaining in heart-lung machine was discarded after HAP;group2:Non-discarding blood group(25cases),the blood remaining in heart-lung machine was not discarded after HAP and re-infused into systemic circulation;group3:systemic chemotherapy group(5cases),cisplatin was infused intravenously.The regional and the systemic blood cisplatin concentrations were determined at3,30and60minutes during HAP,and the systemic blood cisplatin concentrations were determined at0,0.5,1,2,4,8,12,24,48and72hours after HAP in the group1and group2.While1h after cisplatin infusion in-tra venously in the group3,the blood cisplatin concentration were also measured.Results The regional blood cis platin concen tra tions were high er than that in systemic blood at the time during HAP.The systemic blood cisplatin concen trations after HAP,ex cept at0minute in the group2were higher than that in the group1,there were sig nificant statistic differences between the two groups.The systemic blood cisplatin con-cen trations after HAP in the group2were simi lar to that after systemic chemotherapy.No severe adverse ef-fects in the group1were found.The Ennek ings surgical stagings for the tumors were turned fromⅡB intoⅡA in all the patients.Conclusion The method of non-discarding blood after HAP is available,it is not only local treatment ,but also systemic chemotherapy in the patients with malignant bone tumor of lower ex-tremi ty for limb-salvage surgery.

Objective To demonstrate the frequency changes in immune cells on secreting interleukin-10 (IL-10),interferon-? (IFN-?),tumor necrosis factor-? (TNF-?) and interleukin-4 (IL-4) under the stimulation of a mimic 7-amino acid peptide of HCV HVR1 (7P),and to explore the mechanism of such changes. Methods The peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated from healthy people and co-cultured with 7P. Intracellular cytokine staining was performed using antibodies against IL-10,IFN-?,TNF-? and IL-4. The related cells were harvested on a FACSCalibur flow cytometer,and then analyzed with FACSCalibur software. Results Compared to the controls,the frequency of immune cells secreting IFN-? was significantly increased in both CD4+CD8-,CD4-CD8+ T cells and NK,NKT cells (P

After a description of medical literature retrieval teaching in our library, the contents in the designed medical literature retrieval practice course teaching and the ideas for its reform, the competitive practice method was proposed according to the characteristics of subjects in which the undergraduates were majored and the experi-ence with several teaching models such as PBL, the effect of its implementation was analyzed with its related prob-lems and measures for their solution pointed out.

OBJECTIVETo investigate effects of the variation of immune function in high humidity environment in different time, and lay a foundation for further study of the related mechanism.

METHODThirty SD rats were divided into 3 groups (n = 10): 20 day group, 40 day group in 90% relative humidity chamber and control group in normal relative humidity. Peripheral blood and spleens were collected to detect the levels of T lymphocyte subsets by Flow Cytometery.

RESULTSIn peripheral blood of the 20 day group rats, the CD3+ %, CD4+ %, CD8+ % and CD4+/CD8+ were 52.91 +/- 6.27, 37.80 +/- 4.11, 14.85 +/- 3.73 and 2.72 +/- 0.82 separately. Expect CD3+ %, they all had significant differences (P < 0.05). In addition, the data of the 40 day group rats showed no diversity in statistics. In spleen, CD8+ % of the 20 day group rats was 6.23 +/- 2.87 with significant differences (P < 0.05) and IgG, IgA and IgM did not change a lot in blood serum of the high humidity groups except C3 of the 20 days group (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONIn high humidity environment, the immune function of the rats increased in the initial stage. As time went on, the immune function gradually went to normal level through the self adjustment.

No abstract available.
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To increase the dissolution rate and extent of valsartan, valsartan nanosuspensions have been prepared. Controlled precipitation assisted with sonication is utilized to prepare valsartan nanosuspensions, the concentration of the drug, stabilizer and costablizer had a great effect on the stability of the preparation according to the pre-experiment. So the method of central composite design-response surface is used to optimize the prescription based on the above three factors and the particle size as the response value. The software Origin 8.0 is used to draw the view of the three-dimensional effects and 2D contour map, to get the optimal prescription area. Valsartan nanosuspensions were prepared. The mean diameter and zeta potential are about 216.6 nm and -57.7 mV, respectively. Compared with the microsuspensions and commercial preparation, the dissolution of valsartan nanosuspensions was faster and the bioavailability can be enhanced to some extent.

Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of clinical rotation training in pain department for general practitioner.Methods Totally 31 general practitioners of 3 years program in the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University were involved in clinical rotation training in pain department form August 2008 to December 2011.Training lasted for one month.Clinical rotation training in pain department was conducted for general practitioners by studying rules and regulations,treatment methods,imaging data and clinical practice.Evaluation was made according to the treatment,theoretical knowledge,interpersonal skill and professional competency of general practitioners.Measurement data were expressed as mean ± standard deviation ((-x) ± s) while enumeration data were expressed as rate.Descriptive analysis of the data was used.Results Average total number of patients managed by 31 general practitioners was (15 ± 2),average total number of disease species was (5 ±2),average number of case discussion and small lecture participated was 1 ～2,average number of nerve block participated as assistant was (40 ± 5) and average number of minimally invasive surgery visited and studied was (2 ± 2).Residency duties were skillfully completed and assessment score was (85 ± 4.50).Conclusions Through clinical rotation training,general practitioners can understand common disease diagnosis and treatment category; familiarize clinical evaluation methods and master standards of diagnosis and treatment in pain department.Meanwhile,they would learn doctor-patient communication to establish a good therapeutic relationship with patients.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the hospital infection rate and sites of patients in emergency intensive care(unit)(EICU),and provide basis for prevention and treatment of hospital infection.METHODS Patients who were hospitalized in EICU were investigated by retrospective study.RESULTS Among the hospital infection sites,(respiratory) tract was the most frequent one(65.63%),the next was urinary tract(28.13%),and the deep vein was the third(6.25%).The most common hospital infection bacteria were Staphylococcus aureus,Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii.CONCLUSIONS The analysis of the subjective and objective factors of hospital infection,and the acknowledge of relationship between nursing and hospital infection sites are(important) basis for hospital infection prevention and treatment.

PURPOSE: In the present study, two cases of intraoperative acute opacification of hydrophilic intraocular lens were reported. CASE SUMMARY: (Case 1) A sixty-seven year-old female presented with chronic visual impairment. Slit lamp examination revealed nuclear cataract of the left eye. Cataract surgery for her left eye was performed. A hydrophilic intraocular lens was checked before implantation and no defect was noted. Immediately after the implantation of the intraocular lens, acute whitish opacification of the intraocular lens occurred. However, the intraocular lens was not explanted, and the opacification cleared after one day. (Case 2) A 65 year-old male presented with chronic visual impairment of the left eye. Nuclear cataract of his left eye was noted, and he went through cataract surgery of the left eye. After the implantation of intraocular lens, acute whitish opacification of the intraocular lens was noted but it disappeared a day after. CONCLUSIONS: Intraoperative acute opacification of intraocular lens seems to occur due to radical temperature change. There is no need to remove or exchange the intraocular lens as opacification tends to clear within a day. No structural or mechanical change of intraocular lens was noted after opacification. Careful management of temperature for intraocular lens storage is necessary for prevention of intraoperative intraocular lens clouding.
Cataract ; Female ; Humans ; Lenses, Intraocular ; Male ; Slit Lamp ; Vision Disorders