Evaluation of the permeability mainly focuses on intestinal absorption in biopharmaceutics classification system (BCS). It is more complicated that the absorption and metabolism under multicomponent environment in biopharmaceutics classification system of Chinese materia medica (CMMBCS) compared with single component environment, which needs suitable mathematical models to be described. Therefore, with full consideration of existing single component mathematical algorithm combining with the characteristics of intestinal absorption and metabolism, we explored and designed a new mathematical algorithm of intestinal absorption and metabolism of multicomponent drug. Then we put forward a new coefficient, P (influence), the relative change rate of the single component's intestinal absorption and metabolism under multicomponent environment compared with single component environment, which described the influences of intestinal absorption and metabolism of the component under multicomponent environment. Moreover, P (influence) highlights the distinctive characteristics of multicomponent drug's intestinal absorption and metabolism, and lays the foundation for the construction of CMMBCS.
Algorithms ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; pharmacokinetics ; Humans ; Intestinal Absorption ; Intestines ; chemistry ; metabolism ; Models, Theoretical ; Solubility

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the genetic polymorphisms of 19 STR Loci in Shandong Han population in order to provide the genetic data for paternity testing. METHODS: The genotypes of 205 unrelated individuals in Shandong Han population were typed by Goldeneye 20A kit to get the allele frequencies and population genetic parameters of 19 STR loci. Four kits, Identifiler kit, SinoFiler kit, PowerPlex 16 kit, and Goldeneye 20A kit, were compared with each other and used in the analysis of a special paternity test case. RESULTS: The population genetic parameters of 19 STR loci in Shandong Han Population were obtained. The cumulative discrimination power (CDP) and cumulative probability of exclusion (CPE) ranked from high to low were Goldeneye 20A kit, SinoFiler kit, PowerPlex 16 kit and Identifiler kit, respectively. As duo case, the result of the real case showed that Identifiler kit had no excluding loci, and none of the SinoFiler kit, PowerPlex 16 kit or Goldeneye 20A kit could exclude fatherhood. CONCLUSION Compared with Identifiler kit, SinoFiler kit, and PowerPlex 16 kit, Goldeneye 20A kit shows the higher efficiency than the others, but is not completely satisfied for duo cases.
Asian People/genetics* ; China ; Forensic Genetics/methods* ; Gene Frequency ; Genetic Loci/genetics* ; Genetics, Population ; Genotype ; Humans ; Male ; Microsatellite Repeats ; Paternity ; Polymorphism, Genetic/genetics*

In order to investigate the cellular immunoresponses mediated by chimeric anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody (anti-CD20 McAb) through dendritic cells (DCs), mononuclear cells were isolated from human peripheral blood (PBMNC) and DCs from PBMNCs in vitro were generated with normal methods. Human CD20 positive lymphoma cell line-Raji cells were treated with different methods including treatment with anti-CD20 McAb (group R), treatment with heat-induced apoptosis (group A) and treatment with anti-CD20 McAb+heat-induced apoptosis (group R+A), then Raji cells treated with above-mentioned methods as tumor antigen were loaded on DCs. The phagocytosis of DCs to tumor antigen was observed by transmission electron microscope (TEM), the auto-mixed lymphocyte reaction was performed with antigen-primed DCs, the release of INF-gammafrom effector cells was detected by ELISPOT, the killing of effector cells on Raji cells was assayed by MTT. The results showed that under TEM, no pronounced phagocytosis of DCs was seen in group R, while the phagocytosis of apoptotic bodies could be easily seen in group A and the more cell fraqments were observed in group R+A. The FCM indicated that the expressions of CD80, CD86 and HLA-DR on DCs in 3 experimental groups were higher than those in group control (p<0.05), while expression positive rate in group R+A was higher than those in group R and A (p<0.05). The detection of lymphocyte surface antigen revealed that proportions of CD8+ cells in all experimental groups were higher than those in group control (p<0.05), count of CD56+ cells in group R and R+A increased, as compared with group A and control, difference was significant (p<0.05). ELISPOT assay indicated that amount of cells releasing IFN-gamma in all experimental groups was higher than that in group control, and also number of spots in group R+A significantly higher than that in other groups at effector-targetor ratio=1:10 (p<0.05). The results of killing assay demonstrated that killing rate on Raji cells in all experimental groups increased as compared with group control (p<0.05), while killing rate in group R+A was higher than that in group R and A. It is concluded that anti-CD20 McAb can mediate DC to induce cellular immunoresponse against lymphoma, that is, to stimulate and amplify specific CTLs and NK cells. Anti-CD20 McAb combined with DCs primed by heat-stressed tumor cells as antigen can further enhance cellular immunoresponse against lymphoma.
Animals ; Antibodies, Monoclonal ; pharmacology ; Antigen Presentation ; Antigen-Presenting Cells ; immunology ; Antigens, CD20 ; immunology ; Chimera ; Dendritic Cells ; immunology ; Humans ; Hyperthermia, Induced ; Lymphoma, B-Cell ; immunology ; Mice ; T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic ; immunology

OBJECTIVETo explore the effect of the treatment for long-term disease-free survival (DFS) of post-remission patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML).

METHODSTwenty-nine AML patients with completely remission (CR) and 17 with partial remission (PR) were treated with Chinese medicine, Longchan Cigu Decoction 1 dose per day and Lingxiong Piaoling Powder 7 doses per month, and combined with DA or HA regimen of chemotherapy one course per year. Patients peripheral blood picture, bone marrow smear, biopsy and human leukocyte antigen DR (HLA-DR) cells were examined before and after treatment, and their disease-free survival (DFS) was followed up.

RESULTSAfter treated with above mentioned treatment for 2 months, percentage of patients with normal peripheral blood count increased, including patients with WBC > or = 4.0 x 10(9)/L raised from 46% to 70%, with Hb > or = 120 g/L from 17% to 46% and with PLT > or = 100 x 10(9)/L from 63% to 85%; nucleated cell volume in bone marrow increased from 35.83 +/- 28.42% to 60.46 +/- 17.73% (P < 0.01); HLA-DR cell was also increased significantly from 10.55 +/- 4.95% to 14.84 +/- 4.94%, (P < 0.01); while the residual leukemia cells were not increased in one year, from 5.90 +/- 5.09% before and 5.82 +/- 2.42% after treatment (P > 0.05). The maximal DFS in patients was 123 months. The 3-year survival rate was 64.15 +/- 1.96% and 5-year survival rate was 51.19 +/- 16.25%.

CONCLUSIONThe integrative Chinese and western medicine treating program used in this study is beneficial for the long-term treatment of AML patients after complete remission.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols ; therapeutic use ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Disease-Free Survival ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Humans ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute ; drug therapy ; Male ; Mercaptopurine ; administration & dosage ; Methotrexate ; administration & dosage ; Middle Aged ; Phytotherapy ; Remission Induction ; Survival Rate

Objective To discuss the value of vivo proton MR spectroscopy,perfusion and diffusion imaging in grading of diffuse astrocytomas.Methods One hundred fifty-four cases with diffuse astrocytomas proved pathologically were collected.35 cases with diffuse astrocytomas including 8 astrocytomas(WHO grade Ⅱ),13 anaplastic astroeytomas(grade Ⅲ)and 14 glioblastoma muhiforms (grade Ⅳ)underwent MR spectroscopy.The Cho/Cr,NAA/Cr and Lac/Cr of three groups in 35 cases were compared.The other 76 cases including 36 low-grade glial tumors(grade Ⅱ),20 anaplastic glial tumors (grade Ⅲ)and 20 glioblastoma multiforms(grade Ⅳ)underwent conventional MR imaging and dynamic contrast-enhanced perfusion MR imaging before surgical resection or stereotactic biopsy,the characteristics of the curve and the value of the maximum relative regional cerebral volume(rrCBV)in the diffuse astrocytomas with various grades were analysed.Fourty-three cases of diffuse astrocytomas including 26 astrocytomas(grade Ⅱ),6 anaplastic astrocytomas(grade Ⅲ)and 11 glioblastoma multiformes (grade Ⅳ)underwent diffusion MRI and the apparent diffusion coefficient rate(ADCR)were compared. Results The Cho/Cr of diffuse astrocytomas in three grades were 2.709?1.228,5.812?2.374 and 5.289?1.462 respectively.There were statistically significant differences between astrocytomas and anaplastic astrocytomas,astrocytomas and glioblastoma multiformes for Cho/Cr(P0.05).The Lac/Cr of diffuse astrocytomas in three groups were 0.100?0.083,1.879?1.595 and 3.656? 2.195 respectively,the differences among three groups were all significant(P0.05).The maximum rrCBV values of glial tumors with Ⅱ,Ⅲ and Ⅳ grade were 1.379?0.739,2.654?1.072,3.218?1.565 respectively and the differences among them were statistically significant(P

ObjectiveTo analyze Echinococcus infection in definitive and intermediate hosts in different zones of Qinghai plateau,Qinghai southern plateau,Qilian mountain-Hehuang valley and Chaidamu basin,and to provideascientificbasisfor developing controlstrategiesagainstEchinococcosisinfection. Methods Echinococcosis infection in definitive hosts,dogs and foxes,was identified by morphological observation; in domesticated and wild intermediate host animals was identified by anatomy and pathology; some of the suspected samples were further identified by molecular biological methods.ResultsStray dogs in different zones of Qinghai plateau were infected with Echinococcus granulosus,the infection rates were 38.71％(300/775),49.60％(124/250),and 9.76％(4/41 ) in Qinghai southem plateau,Qilian mountain-Hehuang valley and Chaidamu basin,respectively,and the difference was statistically significant(x2 =25.72,P ＜ 0.01 ).in addition,only Qinghai southern plateau dogs were infected with Echinococcus multiloularis,and the infection rate was 16.04％(98/611).The infection rates of fox with Echinococcus multilocularis were 22.89％(38/166) and 30.77％(12/39) in Qinghai southern plateau and Qilian mountain-Hehuang valley,respectively,and wolves were also found to be infected with Echinococcus granulosus in the same areas.The infection rates of domesticated sheep,yaks,goats and pigs with Echinococcosis were significantly different statistically in those different areas(x2 =82.70,41.82,212.63,194.58,all P ＜ 0.01 ).The infection rates of sheep and yaks were higher[43.43％(5664/13 042),49.47％(2917/5896),52.99％ (887/1674),42.18％ (779/1847),50.70％ (1049/2069),52.90％ (685/1295) ] in three areas.The infection rates of goats and pigs [3.26％ (7/215),0.00％ (0/108)] in Qinghai southern plateau were lower than that of other two areas[ 19.51％(119/610),26.91％(43/1598),47.91％(343/716),21.91％(71/324)].The infection rates of Ochotona curzoniae with Echinococcosis were 6.21％ (243/3910),1.80％ (3/167) and 0.00％ (0/199) in Qinghai southern plateau,Qilian mountain-Hehuang valley and Chaidamu basin,respectively,and the difference was statistically significant (x2 =18.50,P ＜ 0.01 ).Moreover,wild intermediate hosts of Echinococcosis,such as Microtus fuscus,Lepus oiostolus,Pseudois nayaur,Procapra picticaudata,and Prodorcas gutturosa were found to be infected only in Qinghai southern plateau.ConclusionsHuman is faced with a threat of Echinococcosis infection from various definitive hosts in different zones of Qinghai plateau.And stray dogs are the most crucial factor.The life-cycles of Echinococcus are very complicated in Qinghai plateau.Qinghai plateau is a key area in prevention and control of Echinococcosis infection in China.

This study was aimed to screen human papillomavirus (HPV) types associated with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma of Kazakh in Xinjiang using the gene chip technique and study the clinical significance of this application. The DNAs were collected from esophageal squamous cell carcinoma tissues and healthy esophageal mucosa of Kazakh adults in Xinjiang, and amplified firstly using HPV MY09/11 and then using HPV G5+/6+ to screen positive HPV specimens. These positive specimens were further detected by the gene chip technique to screen highly pathogenic HPV types. After determination with nested PCR amplification with HPV MY09/11 and G5+/6+, the infection rate of HPV was 66.67% in the esophageal squamous cell carcinoma group and 12.12% in the healthy control group. By testing the positive HPV specimens from the esophageal squamous cell carcinoma group, the infection rate of HPV16 was 97.72% and the co-infection rate of HPV16 and HPV18 was 2.27%. HPV16 infection may be involved in the development of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in Xinjiang Hazakh adults.

OBJECTIVETo study the combined effect of low temperature and vibration on function of peripheral circulation and nerve.

METHODS64 rabbits were divided into control group, low temperature group, vibration group and combined effect group randomly, 16 each group. The changes of concentration of ET, Ang II, NO in plasma and SCV, amplitude of sensory nerve action potential, latency of sensory nerve action potential, MCV, distal amplitude of motor nerve, and distal latency of motor nerve were measured before and after experiment.

RESULTSAfter experiment, the concentration of ET, Ang II, NO and SCV, amplitude of sensory nerve action potential, latency of sensory nerve action potential, MCV, distal amplitude of motor nerve, and distal latency of motor nerve were (68.84+/-14.81) pg/ml, (544.01+/-70.20) pg/ml, (123.73+/-9.58) nmol/ml, (25.36+/-6.96) m/s, (1.84+/-0.65) microV, (4.05+/-1.04) m/s, (27.40+/-6.05) m/s, (1.60+/-0.52) microV, (3.51+/-1.30) m/s respectively in low temperature group; (70.22+/-15.02) pg/ml, (540.77+/-68.25) pg/ml, (129.46+/-11.99) nmol/ml, (27.69+/-6.16) m/s, (2.19+/-0.53) microV, (3.86+/-0.89) m/s, (30.03+/-5.21) m/s, (1.65+/-0.49) microV, (3.36+/-l.11) m/s respectively in vibration group; (88.47+/-13.20) pg/ml, (687.38+/-101.44) pg/ml, (70.66+/-4.99) nmol/ml, (20.82+/-3.65) m/s, (1.21+/-0.64) microV, (5.05+/-0.94) m/s, (19.97+/-4.37) m/s, (1.09+/-0.49) microV, (4.49+/-1.26) m/s respectively in combined effect group; compared with pre-experiment, the concentration of ET and Ang II in low temperature group, vibration group and combined effect group were increased after experiment, and the NO was decreased (P<0.05); the nerve conduct velocity and amplitude was decreased and the latency was delayed (P<0.05). After experiment, the concentrations of ET and Ang II in combined effect group were higher than low temperature group and vibration group, and the concentration of NO in combined effect group was lower than low temperature group and vibration group (P<0.05). After experiment, the SCV and MCV in combined effect group were slower than low temperature group and vibration group; the amplitude of sensory nerve action potential and distal amplitude of motor nerve were less than low temperature group and vibration group; the latency of sensory nerve action potential and distal latency of motor nerve in combined effect group was longer than low temperature group and vibration group. The factorial analysis results indicated the synergistic effect between low temperature and vibration (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONVibration-induced peripheral vascular impairment and nerve impairment would be intensified by low temperature.

Animals ; Blood Circulation ; physiology ; Cold Temperature ; adverse effects ; Female ; Male ; Peripheral Nerves ; physiopathology ; Rabbits ; Vibration ; adverse effects

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the efficacy and safety of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) combined cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) for refractory heart failure secondary to ischemic cardiomyopathy (ICM).

METHODSPCI and CRT were performed in 7 ICM patients confirmed by angiography with NYHA class IV, QRS duration >/= 130 ms in 6 of them, III degrees AVB in 1 patient, fast ventricular heart rate Af in 1 patient, ventricular fibrillation history in 2 patient. All of them had their LVEDD >/= 55 mm, and LVEF

RESULTSThe procedures of PCI and CRT were performed successfully in all patients. Five patients received right atrial and biventricular pacing, one patient with Af received biventricular pacing and atrial-ventricular node radiofrequency ablation at the same procedure, and the another one patient received CRTD. One out of seven patients died of re-AMI 4 months after the combination therapy, and the other 6 patients had been alive 5 - 41 (23.2 +/- 13.8) months during the follow-up period. The heart function of the 7 patients had further improved after PCI and CRT combined therapy compared to that of PCI or CRT only. Their NYHA class decreased from IV to II, 6-minute walking distance increased steadily, and mitral regurgitation reduced and QRS duration shortened significantly. The LVEDD decreased and LVEF increased significantly in 2 patients without ventricular aneurysm, and slight improvement or no change were in the other 5 patients.

CONCLUSIONFor patients with refractory heart failure secondary to ICM, the combination of PCI and CRT could obviously improve their heart function, quality of life and prognosis, which also very safe in perforation.

Adult ; Aged ; Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary ; Cardiac Pacing, Artificial ; methods ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Female ; Heart Failure ; etiology ; therapy ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Myocardial Ischemia ; complications ; therapy ; Treatment Outcome

Atrial Flutter ; diagnosis ; drug therapy ; physiopathology ; Female ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Male