Evaluation of the permeability mainly focuses on intestinal absorption in biopharmaceutics classification system (BCS). It is more complicated that the absorption and metabolism under multicomponent environment in biopharmaceutics classification system of Chinese materia medica (CMMBCS) compared with single component environment, which needs suitable mathematical models to be described. Therefore, with full consideration of existing single component mathematical algorithm combining with the characteristics of intestinal absorption and metabolism, we explored and designed a new mathematical algorithm of intestinal absorption and metabolism of multicomponent drug. Then we put forward a new coefficient, P (influence), the relative change rate of the single component's intestinal absorption and metabolism under multicomponent environment compared with single component environment, which described the influences of intestinal absorption and metabolism of the component under multicomponent environment. Moreover, P (influence) highlights the distinctive characteristics of multicomponent drug's intestinal absorption and metabolism, and lays the foundation for the construction of CMMBCS.
Algorithms ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; pharmacokinetics ; Humans ; Intestinal Absorption ; Intestines ; chemistry ; metabolism ; Models, Theoretical ; Solubility

In order to investigate the cellular immunoresponses mediated by chimeric anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody (anti-CD20 McAb) through dendritic cells (DCs), mononuclear cells were isolated from human peripheral blood (PBMNC) and DCs from PBMNCs in vitro were generated with normal methods. Human CD20 positive lymphoma cell line-Raji cells were treated with different methods including treatment with anti-CD20 McAb (group R), treatment with heat-induced apoptosis (group A) and treatment with anti-CD20 McAb+heat-induced apoptosis (group R+A), then Raji cells treated with above-mentioned methods as tumor antigen were loaded on DCs. The phagocytosis of DCs to tumor antigen was observed by transmission electron microscope (TEM), the auto-mixed lymphocyte reaction was performed with antigen-primed DCs, the release of INF-gammafrom effector cells was detected by ELISPOT, the killing of effector cells on Raji cells was assayed by MTT. The results showed that under TEM, no pronounced phagocytosis of DCs was seen in group R, while the phagocytosis of apoptotic bodies could be easily seen in group A and the more cell fraqments were observed in group R+A. The FCM indicated that the expressions of CD80, CD86 and HLA-DR on DCs in 3 experimental groups were higher than those in group control (p<0.05), while expression positive rate in group R+A was higher than those in group R and A (p<0.05). The detection of lymphocyte surface antigen revealed that proportions of CD8+ cells in all experimental groups were higher than those in group control (p<0.05), count of CD56+ cells in group R and R+A increased, as compared with group A and control, difference was significant (p<0.05). ELISPOT assay indicated that amount of cells releasing IFN-gamma in all experimental groups was higher than that in group control, and also number of spots in group R+A significantly higher than that in other groups at effector-targetor ratio=1:10 (p<0.05). The results of killing assay demonstrated that killing rate on Raji cells in all experimental groups increased as compared with group control (p<0.05), while killing rate in group R+A was higher than that in group R and A. It is concluded that anti-CD20 McAb can mediate DC to induce cellular immunoresponse against lymphoma, that is, to stimulate and amplify specific CTLs and NK cells. Anti-CD20 McAb combined with DCs primed by heat-stressed tumor cells as antigen can further enhance cellular immunoresponse against lymphoma.
Animals ; Antibodies, Monoclonal ; pharmacology ; Antigen Presentation ; Antigen-Presenting Cells ; immunology ; Antigens, CD20 ; immunology ; Chimera ; Dendritic Cells ; immunology ; Humans ; Hyperthermia, Induced ; Lymphoma, B-Cell ; immunology ; Mice ; T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic ; immunology

OBJECTIVETo explore the effect of the treatment for long-term disease-free survival (DFS) of post-remission patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML).

METHODSTwenty-nine AML patients with completely remission (CR) and 17 with partial remission (PR) were treated with Chinese medicine, Longchan Cigu Decoction 1 dose per day and Lingxiong Piaoling Powder 7 doses per month, and combined with DA or HA regimen of chemotherapy one course per year. Patients peripheral blood picture, bone marrow smear, biopsy and human leukocyte antigen DR (HLA-DR) cells were examined before and after treatment, and their disease-free survival (DFS) was followed up.

RESULTSAfter treated with above mentioned treatment for 2 months, percentage of patients with normal peripheral blood count increased, including patients with WBC > or = 4.0 x 10(9)/L raised from 46% to 70%, with Hb > or = 120 g/L from 17% to 46% and with PLT > or = 100 x 10(9)/L from 63% to 85%; nucleated cell volume in bone marrow increased from 35.83 +/- 28.42% to 60.46 +/- 17.73% (P < 0.01); HLA-DR cell was also increased significantly from 10.55 +/- 4.95% to 14.84 +/- 4.94%, (P < 0.01); while the residual leukemia cells were not increased in one year, from 5.90 +/- 5.09% before and 5.82 +/- 2.42% after treatment (P > 0.05). The maximal DFS in patients was 123 months. The 3-year survival rate was 64.15 +/- 1.96% and 5-year survival rate was 51.19 +/- 16.25%.

CONCLUSIONThe integrative Chinese and western medicine treating program used in this study is beneficial for the long-term treatment of AML patients after complete remission.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols ; therapeutic use ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Disease-Free Survival ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Humans ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute ; drug therapy ; Male ; Mercaptopurine ; administration & dosage ; Methotrexate ; administration & dosage ; Middle Aged ; Phytotherapy ; Remission Induction ; Survival Rate

Objective To discuss the value of vivo proton MR spectroscopy,perfusion and diffusion imaging in grading of diffuse astrocytomas.Methods One hundred fifty-four cases with diffuse astrocytomas proved pathologically were collected.35 cases with diffuse astrocytomas including 8 astrocytomas(WHO grade Ⅱ),13 anaplastic astroeytomas(grade Ⅲ)and 14 glioblastoma muhiforms (grade Ⅳ)underwent MR spectroscopy.The Cho/Cr,NAA/Cr and Lac/Cr of three groups in 35 cases were compared.The other 76 cases including 36 low-grade glial tumors(grade Ⅱ),20 anaplastic glial tumors (grade Ⅲ)and 20 glioblastoma multiforms(grade Ⅳ)underwent conventional MR imaging and dynamic contrast-enhanced perfusion MR imaging before surgical resection or stereotactic biopsy,the characteristics of the curve and the value of the maximum relative regional cerebral volume(rrCBV)in the diffuse astrocytomas with various grades were analysed.Fourty-three cases of diffuse astrocytomas including 26 astrocytomas(grade Ⅱ),6 anaplastic astrocytomas(grade Ⅲ)and 11 glioblastoma multiformes (grade Ⅳ)underwent diffusion MRI and the apparent diffusion coefficient rate(ADCR)were compared. Results The Cho/Cr of diffuse astrocytomas in three grades were 2.709?1.228,5.812?2.374 and 5.289?1.462 respectively.There were statistically significant differences between astrocytomas and anaplastic astrocytomas,astrocytomas and glioblastoma multiformes for Cho/Cr(P0.05).The Lac/Cr of diffuse astrocytomas in three groups were 0.100?0.083,1.879?1.595 and 3.656? 2.195 respectively,the differences among three groups were all significant(P0.05).The maximum rrCBV values of glial tumors with Ⅱ,Ⅲ and Ⅳ grade were 1.379?0.739,2.654?1.072,3.218?1.565 respectively and the differences among them were statistically significant(P

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the genetic polymorphisms of 19 STR Loci in Shandong Han population in order to provide the genetic data for paternity testing. METHODS: The genotypes of 205 unrelated individuals in Shandong Han population were typed by Goldeneye 20A kit to get the allele frequencies and population genetic parameters of 19 STR loci. Four kits, Identifiler kit, SinoFiler kit, PowerPlex 16 kit, and Goldeneye 20A kit, were compared with each other and used in the analysis of a special paternity test case. RESULTS: The population genetic parameters of 19 STR loci in Shandong Han Population were obtained. The cumulative discrimination power (CDP) and cumulative probability of exclusion (CPE) ranked from high to low were Goldeneye 20A kit, SinoFiler kit, PowerPlex 16 kit and Identifiler kit, respectively. As duo case, the result of the real case showed that Identifiler kit had no excluding loci, and none of the SinoFiler kit, PowerPlex 16 kit or Goldeneye 20A kit could exclude fatherhood. CONCLUSION Compared with Identifiler kit, SinoFiler kit, and PowerPlex 16 kit, Goldeneye 20A kit shows the higher efficiency than the others, but is not completely satisfied for duo cases.
Asian People/genetics* ; China ; Forensic Genetics/methods* ; Gene Frequency ; Genetic Loci/genetics* ; Genetics, Population ; Genotype ; Humans ; Male ; Microsatellite Repeats ; Paternity ; Polymorphism, Genetic/genetics*

Objective To observe the incidence and explore the potential factors of nonresponse to cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) in patients with severe chronic congestive heart failure. Method CRT was performed in 119 patients with NYHA function class Ⅲ - Ⅳ and left ventricular ejection fraction ≤35% [96 men and 23 women, age (60.5 ± 11.3 ) years ]. Results Seven patients died for different reasons between 1 - 6 months post CRT and clinical and echocardiographic (Echo) data at 6 months post CRT were analyzed from the remaining 112 patients. The incidence of nonresponse to CRT was 28.57%.Compared to the response group, complete right bundle branch block, longer course of congestive heart failure, higher pulmonary systolic pressure and serum creatinine level and non-optimal target vessels positioning of the left venticle lead( the great cardiac vein and the middle cardiac vein)were the independent predictors for nonresponse after CRT( all P ＜ 0.05). Compared with nonresponse group, the dosages of digoxin and diuretics used for heart failure were significantly reduced in response group ( P ＜ 0.01 ).Conclusions The incidence of nonresponse after CRT was 28.57% in this patient cohort Higher pulmonary systolic pressure and serum creatinine level and non-optimal target vessels positioning of the left venticle lead ( the great cardiac vein and the middle cardiac vein) were the independent predictors for nonresponse after CRT.

OBJECTIVETo explore the effects of low temperature on the functions of learning and memory and activities of ATPase in brain tissue of mice.

METHODS120 mice were randomly divided into 3 groups of A, B, and C with different cold exposure time. After low temperature test, learning and memory ability and activities of ATPase in brain tissue of the mice were measured.

RESULTSCompared with corresponding control group, in the test of learning ability, the total electric shock period [(41.00 +/- 12.06), (45.90 +/- 13.61) min], the total electric times (85.00 +/- 15.81, 89.00 +/- 17.29), and the error reaction times (33.60 +/- 10.69, 39.00 +/- 11.63) were increased in group A and group C significantly (P < 0.01, P < 0.05), but the rate of right reaction (53.60% +/- 11.23%, 54.59% +/- 6.14%) were decreased in group A and group C significantly (P < 0.01, P < 0.05). In the test of memory ability, the total electric shock period [(19.00 +/- 4.62), (51.70 +/- 15.19) min] in group A and group C were increased significantly (P < 0.05, P < 0.01), the rate of right reaction (86.17% +/- 6.34%, 65.92% +/- 8.17%) in group A and group C were decreased significantly (P < 0.05). In test of activities of ATPase in brain tissue, the activities of Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase and activities of Ca(2+)-Mg(2+)-ATPase in brain tissue in group A and group C were decreased significantly (P < 0.05, P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONLow temperature could decrease the functions of learning and memory and the activities of Na+-K+-ATPase and Ca(2+)-Mg(2+)-ATPase in brain tissue of mice.

Animals ; Brain ; enzymology ; Ca(2+) Mg(2+)-ATPase ; metabolism ; Cold Temperature ; adverse effects ; Environmental Exposure ; adverse effects ; Female ; Male ; Maze Learning ; Memory ; Mice ; Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo study the therapeutic effect of ventilation tube insertion in the middle ear and the external auditory canal on chronic secretory otitis media in children.

METHODSA retrospective study on 30 patients (40 ears) with chronic secretory otitis media and who underwent the operation of middle ear exploration and ventilation tube insertion in the middle ear and the external auditory canal was performed. Poor tympanic membrane, even with adhesion, was seen in 23 ears. Ten patients had evidence of bilateral secretory otitis media. From this group one ear was first injected with drugs (dexamethasone, mucosolvin, etc) and then tube insertion into the auditory tube was performed; the other ear only received drug injections into the auditory tube. The remaining 20 patients who had evidence of unilateral secretory otitis media only received drug injections into the auditory tube.

RESULTSThe tubes inserting into the auditory tube all dropped out 5-8 days after operation. None of the ventilation tubes into the middle ear dropped out and the patients' tympanum recovered after the ventilation tubes were removed (6-8 months after operation). The total cure rate was 87.5% (35/40) and the improvement rate was 12.5% (5/40). The operation of inserting tubes into the auditorytube did not improve the therapeutic effects. In the 0.5-2 years postoperative follow-up, middle ear effusions recurred in one ear, and three ears were transferred from type C to type A.

CONCLUSIONSThe surgery of ventilation tube insertion in the middle ear and the external auditory canal for chronic secretory otitis media can prevent the tympanic membrane from damage and dropping out of the ventilation tube and reduce recurrence in children. It is a preferred selection for the patients with poor tympanic membrane or adhesive tympanic membrane. It is no use to insert the tube into the auditory tube for the improvement of therapeutic effects.

Adolescent ; Child ; Chronic Disease ; Ear Canal ; surgery ; Ear, Middle ; surgery ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Ear Ventilation ; methods ; Otitis Media with Effusion ; surgery ; Retrospective Studies

OBJECTIVETo observe the quality of life in patients with post-traumatic epilepsy and discuss the influencing factors.

METHODSWe assessed 105 patients with post-traumatic epilepsy and 100 healthy people as control using Quality of Life Scale-31 (QOL-31), Self-rating Depressing Scale (SDS) and Self-rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), and conducted retrospective analysis on the depression, anxiety, site of trauma, control of seizure, EEG and therapeutic compliance.

RESULTSPatients with post-traumatic epilepsy scored much lower than the control group on QOL-31 (P less than 0.01), but higher than the control group on SDS and SAS (P less than 0.01). Multiple regression analysis indicated that major influencing factors on the quality of life were anxiety, therapeutic compliance, depression, poor control of epileptic seizure and site of trauma.

CONCLUSIONSThe quality of life in patients with post-traumatic epilepsy has significantly declined. Doctors should pay attention to psychological and mental problems of patients with epilepsy, such as depression and anxiety, enhancing therapeutic compliance and controlling epileptic seizure, which are the keys to improving prognosis.

Epilepsy, Post-Traumatic ; psychology ; Humans ; Quality of Life ; Regression Analysis ; Retrospective Studies

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the clinical features of respiratory diseases of late preterm neonates.

METHODSSix hundred and thirty late preterm infant(gestational age: 34~36+6weeks),4401 cases of term infants and 328 early preterm infants who were born at the obstetrical department of Peking University 3rd Hospital from January 2009 to December 2010 were enrolled. Among them 84 late preterm infants, 135 term infants and 182 early preterm infants developed respiratory diseases. The incidence of respiratory diseases,clinical features and the severity of the diseases were compared among the three groups.

RESULTSThe incidence and mortality rates of respiratory diseases and the percentage of severe cases were significantly higher in the late preterm group than in the term group, but lower than in the early preterm group (P<0.01). The symptoms of respiratory disease occurred earlier in the late preterm group than in the term group, but later than in the early preterm group (P<0.01). The late preterm group had a significantly higher incidence of tachypnea and lower incidence of retraction sign when compared with the term and early preterm groups (P<0.05). The percentages requiring oxygen therapy and mechanical ventilation in the late preterm group were both significantly higher than in the term group, but lower than in the early preterm group (P<0.05). The multiple linear regression analysis showed 11 factors associated with the severity of respiratory diseases: decreased arterial partial pressure of oxygen, hematokrit, pH value and respiratory rate, arterial oxyhemoglobin saturation, systolic arterial pressure, 5 minute Apgar score and gestational age, and increased blood urea nitrogen, heart rate and respiratory rate.

CONCLUSIONSLate preterm infants are more likely to develop respiratory diseases than term infants, and to develop a more severe condition and need a more intensive respiratory support treatment. Tachypnea is a common presentation of dyspnea in late preterm infants and occurs earlier than in term infants but later than in early preterm infants. It may usually indicate a serious condition when dyspnea, abnormal heart rate and blood pressure, and multisystem damages occur in late preterm infants.

Humans ; Incidence ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature, Diseases ; epidemiology ; mortality ; Prognosis ; Respiratory Tract Diseases ; epidemiology ; mortality ; Retrospective Studies