Cholangiocarcinoma is a type of malignant tumor with high destruction.Due to its low diagnostic rate and high fatality rate,the operation is the unique therapeutic methods for the radical cure.However,the diagnosis and treatment for the disease were always in the phase of progression,so currently,the radical therapeutic rate is quite low,while the recurrence rate of the operation is extremely high.If the correlated mechanism of perineural invasion of cholangiocarcinoma could be understood,then interrupted its perineural invasion in the early period,that could greatly enhance the prognosis of cholangiocarcinoma patients.This article systematically reviews the progress of cholangiocarcinoma neural invasion related molecules and possible mechanism.

Objective To evaluate the association of body weight with brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) in females.Methods A total of 2 921 residents (≥20 years old) were selected by the stratified cluster random sampling method from March to December 2011.Arterial stiffness was assessed by baPWV.Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the effect of body mass index (BMI) on arteriosclerosis.The predictive value of BMI to evaluate arteriosclerosis was analyzed by using receiver operation characteristic (ROC) curve.Results The prevalence of arteriosclerosis was significantly increased in overweight/obese residents (P＜0.01).BMI was positively correlated with baPWV (r=0.310,P＜0.01).The prevalence of increased arterial stiffness in individuals≥65 years older was higher than that in people of 20-40 or 41-64 years old (x2 values were 677.30 and 347.26,respectively; both P＜0.01).For females of 20-40 or 41-46 years old,the prevalences of increased arterial stiffness in overweight and obese groups were higher than those in normal body weight group (both P＜0.01).In univariate analysis,age,resting heart rate,systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were correlated with arteriosclerosis (all P＜0.01).The odds ratio for the prevalence of arteriosclerosis in overweight women was 2.017 (95％ confidence interval (CI):1.637-2.486,P＜0.01) and that in obese women was 2.759 (95％ CI:1.964-3.876,P＜0.01) after adjustment for age,resting heart rate and blood pressure.The area under the ROC curve was 0.693 (95％ CI:0.671-0.715,P＜0.01) to evaluate arteriosclerosis in females and the optimal cut-off point for BMI was 23.42 kg/m2.Conclusions For females,overweight and obesity may be risk factors of arteriosclerosis.The optimal cut-off point for BMI to evaluate arteriosclerosis in women could be 23.42 kg/m2.

Objective To study the association between serum prolactin(PRL)level,prolactin receptor(PRLR)expression on peripheral blood mononuclear cells and the disease activity in the patients with systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE).Methods Serum PRL level was measured by time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay(TrFIA)in113patients of SLE and in28gender-and-age matched control subjects,SLEDAI index was estimated.It was also investigated by logistic multiple regression analysis that the association between clinical manifestations,immunologic parameters,anti-dsDNA antibody titers and hyperprolactinemia in113patients of SLE.The specific binding(SB)rate of peripheral blood lymphocyte PRLR was measured by radioactive binding ligand assay(RLBA)and the mRNA expression of PRLR by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR)in24active SLE patients,22inactive SLE patients and15gender-and-age matched control subjects.Results The serum PRL levels of63active patients were much higher than those of50inactive patients and28control subjects.The serum PRL levels ranged9~51.2?g/L in79.3%of active patients.It was also found that PRL level was in positive linear correlation with the titer of anti-dsDNA antibody.The concentration of interleukin2receptors in hyperprolactinemia group was higher than that in normal group.It was shown that proteinuria,low levels of complement3and high titers of anti-dsDNA antibody were associated with hyperprolactinemia by logistic multiple regression analysis.The SB rate of PRL receptor was5.03?2.51%(x?s),the total binding rate(TB)was15.4?6.98%in24active patients with SLE.The SB rate of active patients was much higher than that of22inactive patients(SB4.18?2.26%,TB rate14.03?6.54%)and that of15gender-and-age matched control subjects(SB1.62?1.05%,TB8.19?1.47%).The mRNA expression of PRLR in active patients(x?s,0.85?0.45)was much higher than in inactive patients(0.58?0.43)and that in control subjects(0.20?0.13).Conclusion The slightly increased serum level of PRL,high expression of PRLR and the increased specific binding rate are associated with the disease activity of SLE.

Identification and validation of a new target is one of the most important steps for new antituberculosis (TB) drug discovery. Researches have shown that Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) encodes 20 CYP450 enzymes which play important roles in the synthesis and metabolism of lipid, cholesterol utilization, and the electron transport of respiratory chain in Mtb. With the critical roles within the organism as well as the protein structures of six Mtb CYP450 enzymes being clarified, some of them have been highlighted as potential anti-tuberculosis targets. In this paper, the phylogenetic analysis, the structural features, and the enzymatic functions of Mtb CYPs, as well as the mechanism of interactions with selective inhibitors such as azole antifungal agents for the CYPs have been reviewed and summarized. The druggability of the CYPs has also been analyzed for their further utility as targets in high throughput screening and rational design of more selective inhibitors.
Antitubercular Agents ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Azoles ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inhibitors ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System ; genetics ; metabolism ; Drug Delivery Systems ; methods ; Drug Discovery ; Humans ; Mycobacterium tuberculosis ; drug effects ; enzymology ; genetics ; Phylogeny ; Tuberculosis ; drug therapy ; microbiology

It is important and difficult to establish the market competition mechanism in the health care re-form. Medical voucher system in Hong Kong and Macao can provide policy guidelines for Mainland China to promote institutional innovation, force public hospital reform and the rational allocation of medical and health resources. This paper introduced the origin and development of medical voucher system. Based on the description of the implementa-tion background, similarities and differences and effects of medical voucher system in Hong Kong and Macao, the pa-per found that medical voucher system could help encourage the demander to make more frequent use of medical serv-ices, improve their consciousness of prevention and health care and promote family doctor system. Through analyzing the applicability of medical voucher system in mainland China, the paper pointed out it was consistent with the reform orientation and could be served as a useful supplement to the health care system to improve medical insurance, medi-cal assisstance system as well as an effective measure to develop private medical institutions.

AIM: To observe the effect of microRNA-16 (miR-16) on the megakaryocytic differentiation of K562 cells, and to explore the potential mechanism.METHODS:miR-16 was over-expressed or silenced by transfection with miR-16 mimics or inhibitor in K562 cells.The level of miR-16 was detected by real-time PCR.The expression of CD41, CD42b and CD61, as megakaryocytic differentiation markers, was detected by flow cytometry.The effect of miR-16 on the expression of myeloblastosis oncogene ( MYB) was measured by Western blotting, and flow cytometry was performed to confirm whether the effect of miR-16 on expression of CD41, CD42b and CD61 was mediated by MYB.RESULTS:Transfection with miR-16 mimics dramatically elevated the level of miR-16 and the expression of CD41, CD42b and CD61 in the K562 cells.Transfection with miR-16 inhibitor decreased the level of miR-16 and the expression of CD41, CD42b and CD61 in the K562 cells (P<0.05).The expression of MYB was regulated by miR-16, and MYB silencing reversed the regulation of CD41, CD42b and CD61 induced by miR-16.CONCLUSION:miR-16 regulates the megakaryocytic dif-ferentiation of K562 cells by targeting MYB.

Objective To study the association of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of solute carrier family 22 member 4 (SLC22A4) and SLC22A5 genes with Crhon's disease (CD) in Chinese Han nationality. Methods SNPs in the entire coding region of SLC22A4 and SLC22A5 genes were screened by direct DNA sequencing in 80 CD patients and 80 healthy subjects, and statistical in Han population. Five SNPs were found in entire coding region (2 in SLC22A4 gene and 3 in distribution of the alleles and genotypes of SLC22A4 and SLC22A5 polymorphisms between CD patients and healthy controls. Conclusion There is no correlation of SLC22A4 and SLC22A5 with CD in Chinese Han nationality.

With the rapid development of healthcare technologies, the improvement of patient health expecta-tions, and the increasing of the government or insurer's financial budget pressure, risk-sharing agreements has be-come the focus of the governments or insurer concerned. This article systematically analyzed Australia, New Zealand, Taiwan risk-sharing agreements from five aspects, including the operation main, scope, classification, application processes and the implementation effects. According to the results of the analysis, we suggests that China should im-prove risk-sharing agreements theoretical basis, diversify risk-sharing agreements models, establish risk-sharing a-greements standardization process and so on.

Identification and validation of a new target is one of the most important steps for new antituberculosis (TB) drug discovery. Researches have shown that Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) encodes 20 CYP450 enzymes which play important roles in the synthesis and metabolism of lipid, cholesterol utilization, and the electron transport of respiratory chain in Mtb. With the critical roles within the organism as well as the protein structures of six Mtb CYP450 enzymes being clarified, some of them have been highlighted as potential anti-tuberculosis targets. In this paper, the phylogenetic analysis, the structural features, and the enzymatic functions of Mtb CYPs, as well as the mechanism of interactions with selective inhibitors such as azole antifungal agents for the CYPs have been reviewed and summarized. The druggability of the CYPs has also been analyzed for their further utility as targets in high throughput screening and rational design of more selective inhibitors.

AlM: To evaluate the clinical effect of 200g/L protein-free calf blood extract eye gel for corneal epithelial defect.METHODS: One hundred and sixty - eight cases of corneal epithelial defect ( 58 cases with herpes simplex keratitis; 24 cases with chemical injury; 85 cases with pterygium operation injury ) were randomly divided into two groups: 84 eyes were treated with protein-free calf blood extract eye gel; 84 cases were treated with basic fibroblast growth factor eye gel ( bFGF ) . The bFGF and protein-free calf blood extract eye gels were used 4 times a day. The treatment course was 7d. Epithelial defect restoration, local symptom and sign were observed.
RESULTS: The difference between pre-treatment and post-treatment was significant ( P<0. 01 ) in the two groups. The effect of protein-free calf blood extract eye gel (83. 3%) group was prior to that of bFGF (69%) for corneal epithelial defect. The effective rate of protein-free calf blood extract eye gel in the herpes simplex keratitis, chemical injury and pterygium operation injury was 72. 4%,69. 2% and 95. 2%. Localized stimulus and adverse reaction of all over the body were not been observed.
CONCLUSlON: Protein-free calf blood extract eye gels is valuable and safe for corneal epithelial defect.