A simple and convenient procedure for stereoselective synthesis of (Z)-allyl selenides has been developed by a one-pot reaction of diselenides with Baylis-Hillman adducts in the presence of samarium metal-trimethylsilyl chloride under mild conditions. Presumably, the diselenides are cleaved by Sm/TMSCl system to form selenide anions, which then undergo S(N)2' substitution of Baylis-Hillman adducts to produce the (Z)-allyl selenides.
Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Molecular Structure ; Organoselenium Compounds ; chemistry ; Selenium Compounds ; chemical synthesis ; chemistry ; Stereoisomerism

Objective To estimate the present salt iodine content and iodine nutrition need of high risk population of iodine deficiency disorder in Meixian County. Methods Each primary school was selected from urban and rural areas(Xiyang Town, 20 kilometers away from Meixian County), the goiter rate of 8 to 10 year-old students was examined and urinary iodine and household salt iodine was sampled. Twenty to 40 year-old women of childbearing age nearby schools around the urban and villages around Xiyang Town were selected to collect their urine and salt samples. At urban hospitals and rural health centers, 0 to 2 year-old infant urine samples were collected, Thyroid gland was palpated and urinary iodine was determined by iodine in urine by As3+-Ce4+catalytic spectrophotometry, salt iodine was determined by direct titration. Results The goiter rates of 8 to 10 year-old students were 1.5 % (3/200), 1.0% (1/100) for the urban area and 2.0% (2/100) for rural area. Median of urinary iodine in 8 to 10 year-old students, infants, women of childbearing age averaged at 237.1 μg/L and 280.1, 234.7,187.6 μg/L respectively, with each being 287.4,245.0,205.5 μg/L in urban area and 278.9,228.5,176.4 μg/L in rural area. Women of childbearing age had a higher percentage of urinary iodine < 50.0 μg/L than students,students had a higher percentage than infants, each being 7.5%(15/200), 4.5%(9/200), 4.0%(4/100). The ration of urinary iodine > 300.0 μg/L was more in infants than in students, that in students was more than that in women of childbearing age, each being 33.0% (33/100), 30.0% (60/200),22.5% (45/200). The median of salt iodine was 27.2 mg/kg. The coverage of iodized salt was 100.0%(400/400). Ninty-seven percent(194/200) and 96.0% (192/200) of qualified iodized salt were consumed in urban area and in rural area. Conclusions The amount of iodine added to salt meets the requirement in the 3 kinds population risk of iodine deficiency disorder. But a higher iodine status has been found out in students and infants. It is reasonable to decrease the present salt iodine content.

Objective To understand the prevalence of anemia and its influencing factors in infants aged 6 to 24 months in poor areas of Gansu Province, and to provide reference for improving the prevalence of anemia in local children. Methods A multi-stage sampling method was used to conduct a survey on infant and caregivers, in the 12 children nutrition improvement project counties in Gansu Province. T-test and analysis of variance were used to compare the hemoglobin content, the chi-square test was used to compare the prevalence of anemia, and the Logistic regression model was used to analyze the influencing factors. Results Among the 3 188 effective data, the detection rate of anemia was 25.69% (819). The detection rate of anemia among boys and girls was 24.54% and 26.90%, respectively. There was no significant difference in the detection rate of anemia among different sexes ( 2=2.326, P=0.127). The detection rate of anemia between different age groups were statistically significant ( 2=42.339, P<0.001); The results of multivariate analysis showed that children's age, children's ethnic groups, parents' awareness of feeding knowledge, the feeding method of 6 months after birth and the way of taking nutritional packs were associated with anemia (all P<0.05). Conclusions The prevalence of anemia in infants aged 6 to 24 months in poor areas in Gansu Province was relatively high. Strengthening the education of caretakers’ knowledge of guardian feeding and scientific child-rearing, and ensuring the nutrition packages intake can significantly reduce the prevalence of anemia prevalence in poor areas in Gansu Province.

OBJECTIVETo study the chemical constituents from roots of Platycodon grandiflorum.

METHODColumn chromatography (silica gel, macroporous resin, sephadex LH - 20 and the preparative RP - HPLC were used to isolate the constituents. Their structures were elucidated by physical and spectral data.

RESULTEight compounds were isolated and identified as tangeritin (1), 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosylplatycodigenin methyl ester (2), 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosylplaticogenic acid A lactone (3), 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosylplatycodigenin (4), deapio-platyconic acid A lactone (5), deapio-platycodin-D (6), platycoside-G1 (7) and platycoside-E (8).

CONCLUSIONCompounds 1,3 and 5 were isolated from this plant for the first time.

Flavones ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Lactones ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Oleanolic Acid ; analogs & derivatives ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Plant Extracts ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Plant Roots ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Platycodon ; chemistry ; Saponins ; chemistry ; isolation & purification

BACKGROUNDMany studies have indicated that hyperpolarizing cardioplegia is responsible for myocardial preservation and researchers have suggested that the adenosine triphosphate-sensitive potassium channels (K(ATP)) were the end effectors of cardio-protection. But whether mitochondrial K(ATP) plays an important role in hyperpolarizing cardioplegia is not apparent. The present study investigated the effect of hyperpolarizing cardioplegia containing pinacidil (a nonselective K(ATP) opener) on ischemia/reperfusion injury in rat hearts, especially the role of mitochondrial K(ATP) in pinacidil hyperpolarizing cardioplegia.

METHODSSprague-Dawley rat hearts were Langendorff-perfused for 20 minutes with Krebs-Henseleit buffer at 37°C before equilibration. Cardiac arrest was then induced in different treatments: there was no arrest and ischemia in the normal group, the control group were arrested by clamping the aorta, depolarizing caidioplegia (St. Thomas solution containing 16 mmol/L KCl) and hyperpolarizing cardioplegia groups used St. Thomas solution containing 0.05 mmol/L pinacidil and 5 mmol/L KCl to induce cardiac arrest in group hyperkalemic and group pinacidil, in group hyperkalemic + 5-hydroxydecanote (5HD) and Pinacidil + 5HD, 5HD (0.1 mmol/L) was added to the above two solutions to block mitochondria K(ATP) channels. Global ischemia was then administrated for 40 minutes at 37°C, followed by 30 minutes of reperfusion. At the end of equilibration and reperfusion, hemodynamics, ultrastructure, and mitochondrial function were measured.

RESULTSIn the control group, ischemia/reperfusion decreased the left ventricular developed pressure, heart rate, coronary flow, mitochondrial membrane potential, impaired mitochondrial respiratory function, increased reactive oxygen species and left ventricular end diastolic pressure. Damage to myocardial ultrastructure was also evident. Both depolarized arrest and especially hyperpolarized cardioplegia significantly reduced these lesions. 5HD partially blocked the beneficial effects of pinacidil cardioplegia but showing no effects on hyperkalemic arrest.

CONCLUSIONSPinacidil cardioplegia provides better cardioprotection with preservation of hemodynamics, ultrastructure, and mitochondrial function than traditional cardioplegia. The mitochondria K(ATP) channels may play an important role in the protection mechanism.

Animals ; Hemodynamics ; drug effects ; Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial ; drug effects ; Microscopy, Electron, Transmission ; Myocardial Reperfusion Injury ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; Myocardium ; metabolism ; ultrastructure ; Pinacidil ; therapeutic use ; Potassium Channels ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Reactive Oxygen Species ; metabolism

Through the analysis on the methods of medicinal paste preparation, the irritation of skin to medicine and the plaster materials adopted in acupoint plaster therapy for the prevention of winter-attacked disease in summer, the acupoint plaster materials and devices were improved. According to the differences in age, illness condition, acupoint and medicinal irritation of patients, the high-dosage, moderate-dosage and low-dosage series of medicine were prepared in proportion; 2. 5 mL and 5 mL syringes were manually reconstructed as the pushers for the delivery of the medicine paste of different specifications. The new-type materials such as spun-bonded non-woven fabrics, transparent dressing film and spun-laced non-woven skin-color stick plaster were adopted. In the operation, the medicine was classified and prepared more specifically. The dedicated acupoint plaster was characterized as less in skin irritation, breathable in property, convenient in practice and proper in stickiness. The plastic anti-seepage film in the middle and the medicine storage pool for stabilizing medicinal paste could avoid drug leakage. The medicinal paste pusher could achieve the even size, proper thickness and precise dosage of the paste. The new-type plaster material and the self-prepared innovated plaster device contribute to the development of acupoint plaster therapy in clinical application.
Acupuncture Points ; Dosage Forms ; Drug Therapy ; instrumentation ; methods ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; Humans

After the exploration of how to integrate the army and people, how to reform the medical treatment sys-tems, how to improve the critical and emergent treatment ability, how to improve the abroad medical support level, how to update the diagnosis and treatment by stages, how to solve the problems of insufficient medical resources and unbalanced resources allocation, following measures were proposed to solve the disgusting situation of "no doctors for critical disease, no surgeons for operation and insufficient support for medical security" for the soldiers and citi-zens performing their mission in the border areas and islands of our country and in foreign countries by applying the key remote medical technologies to the remote diagnosis of diseases, rote monitoring of chronic diseases, and rescue on the emergent disaster field.

Objective To analyze informatization module requirements and to design system framework for manufacturing train hospital in 350 km/h speed Chinese standard EMU. Methods Using 350 km/h speed Chinese standard EMU as the design platform and medical experience in hospital and health informazation in warship as design foundation data, the informatization system requirements of hardware and software were discussed to figure out the rational framework design of hospital in train. Results The informatization system of the train hospital was divided into two components for external and internal communication. The external communication component consisted of telemedicine subsystem based on KU satellite communications, train dispatching subsystem based on train dispatching private network and military command subsystem based on special communication bands, and the internal communication component was made up of the hospital information subsystem, internal office subsystem, video supervision subsystem etc. Conclusion The framework design of the informatization system of the train hospital takes considerations on the compatability with military and civilian uses as well as the requirements for information exchange between information functional systems, which lays a foundation for the manufacture of the train hospital based on the EMU.

Objective To examine the E-cadherin and β-eatenin expression in oral squamous cell carcinoma of tongue (OSCCT) and investigate the relationship of these markers with clinicopathologic features and patient prognosis.Methods Quantitative immunohistochemistry analysis was used to examine E-cadherin and β-catenin expression in lesions of 30 OSCCT patients.The relationship between the expression of E-cadherin and β-catenin and clinicopathologicical features was analyzed.Results The decreased expression of E-cadherin was observed in 19 of 30 (63%) tumours from patients who eventually developed a recurrent tumour and was also associated with recurrence (P = 0.007).The expression of E-cadherin was associated with survival (P = 0.018) and an independent prognostic factor in univariate analysis.There was no correlation between the expression level of E-cadherin and sex, age, histological differentiation, tumour size, clinical stage, or lymph node metastasis.The high expression of β-catenin was observed in 18 of 30 (60%) tumours.No correlation between β-catenin expression and clinicopathological features was observed.Conclusions The absence or reduced expression of E-cadherin was closely associated with recurrence and survival in OSCCT patients.The aberrant expression of E-cadherin may provide a useful prognostic marker in OSCCT.

Objective To explore the nursing of embolization with tissue adhesive NBCA (n-butyl-2-cyano-acrylate) for patients with esophageal-gastric fundus varices in portal hypertension. Methods The clinical data and nursing of 28 cases with NBCA embolization for esophageal-gastric fundus varices in portal hypertension were retrospectively analyzed during and after the intervention. Results 27 cases were embolized successfully with obtaining hemostatic effects, and the other one case failed. Among the 26 successful cases, there were 4 cases with pulmonary thromboembolism, 2 cases with one-off cough, 20 cases with vomiting and mild abdominal pain, and no case with puncture and intraperitoneal hemorrhage. Conclusions It is important for nurses to give patients pertinent psychological nursing before operation, to closely observe the disease situation during embolization and to careftdly observe and nurse after operation to increase the success rate of operation and reduce the complications.