The chemical investigation on Ganoderma philippii led to the isolation of sixteen compounds by silica gel and Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography. On the basis of spectroscopic data analyses, their structures were elucidated as 2, 5-dihydroxyacetophenone (1), methyl gentisate (2), (S) -dimethyl malate (3), muurola-4, 10 (14) -dien-11beta-ol (4), dihydroepicubenol (5), 5-hydroxymethylfuran carboxaldehyde (6), ergosta-7, 22E-dien-3beta-ol (7), ergosta-7, 22E-dien-3-one (8), ergosta-7, 22E-diene-2beta, 3alpha, 9alpha-triol (9), 6/beta-methoxyergo-sta-7, 22E-dien-3beta, 5alpha-diol (10), ergosta-4, 6, 8(14), 22E-tetraen-3-one (11), ergosta4, 6, 8-(14), 22E-etetraen-3beta-ol (12), 5alpha, 8alpha-epidioxy-ergosta-6, 22E-dien-3beta-ol (13), 7alpha-methoxy-5alpha, 6alpha-epoxyergosta-8-(14), 22E-dien-3beta-ol (14), ergosta-8, 22E-diene-3beta, 5alpha, 6beta, 7alpha-tetraol (15), and ergosta-5, 23-dien-3beta-ol, acetate (16). All the compounds were obtained from this fungus for the first time, and compounds 4 and 5 were isolated from the Ganoderma genus for the first time.
Ganoderma ; chemistry ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Organic Chemicals ; analysis ; isolation & purification

OBJECTIVETo investigate the clinical manifestations, pathological characteristics, and treatments of urothelial-type mucinous adenocarcinoma of the prostate (UMAP).

METHODSWe reported a case of UMAP, reviewed relevant literature, and analyzed the clinicopaothological features, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of the disease.

RESULTSThe patient was a 60-year-old male and underwent transurethral resection of the prostate for dysuria. Postoperative pathology indicated mucinous adenocarcinoma and sigmoidoscopy revealed no primary colon cancer. Immunohistochemical staining showed the negative expressions of PSA and P504s and positive expressions of CK7, CK34 β E12, CK20, and CDX2. Thus UMAP was confirmed and treated by intensity-modulated radiotherapy. Then the patient was followed up for 30 months, which showed desirable therapeutic result, with neither local progression nor distant metastasis.

CONCLUSIONUMAP has a bad prognosis and its diagnosis depends on pathological and immunohistocchemical examinations. It responds well to radical prostatectomy but is not sensitive to endocrine therapy. Radiotherapy can be considered for those who are not fit to receive radical prostatectomy.

Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous ; metabolism ; pathology ; therapy ; Humans ; Keratins ; metabolism ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Proteins ; metabolism ; Prognosis ; Prostatectomy ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; therapy ; Racemases and Epimerases ; metabolism

Administration, Oral ; Adult ; Atrial Flutter ; drug therapy ; physiopathology ; Digoxin ; therapeutic use ; Echocardiography ; Female ; Fetal Diseases ; drug therapy ; physiopathology ; Humans ; Hydrops Fetalis ; drug therapy ; physiopathology ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Pregnancy

Objective To study the effect of platelet-derived growth factor(PDGF)and lysosomes on lung injury in macaque with early-phase endotoxie shock.Method Eleven macaques were randomly divided into two groups,namely,control group(Co group,n=5)iand endotoxic group(En group,n=6).The macaque of the Co group injected with 1 ml/kg normal saline and the macque of the En group received a dose of 2.8 mg/kg Lipopolysaccharides(LPS)i.v.The blood gas was detected at 120 minutes after LPS challenging. Uhrastructure,cytochemistry of acid phosphatase(ACPase)detection by electronic microscopy and immunohistochemical assay of PDGF were completed in hmgs of all the macaque .Results Administration of LPS did not change the parameters of gas exchange,namely,PaO_2,PaO_2/Fi and PaCO_2.In the early phase,of endotoxic shock,ACPase activity products increased and lysosome destroyed in the alveolar cells.The pathologic changes of alveolus,such as degeneration of vessel endothelium,injury of alveolar epithelium and damage of basement membrane,and transudation of blood component were observed by electron microscopy in the En group. However,no pathological changes were found in the control group.By immunohistochemical staining,PDGF on alveolar wall in the En animals was observed,whereas no PDGF protein in the Co macaques was noticed. Conclusions Administration of LPS induced the expression of PDGF in the alveolar wall and lysosome injury in the alveolar cells,as a result of alveolar damage in early-phase endotoxin shock.In the meantime,the parameters of gas exchanges did not change.The PDGF may play an important role in the pathogenesis of lung during the early-phase of endotoxin shock.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of p38 MAPK in the renal tubular epithelial-mesenchymal transition (TEMT) induced by high glucose. In in vivo study, the rats were randomly divided into control (C), diabetes mellitus (DM) and insulin-treated DM groups. Immunohistochemical staining and Western blot were employed to determine the expression of p38 MAPK and p-p38 MAPK protein in renal cortex of rats. In in vitro study, primary renal tubular epithelial cells (PTECs) were cultured with normal glucose (5.5 mmol/L), high glucose (20 mmol/L D-glucose), high osmolality (20 mmol/L D-mannitol) and SB202190 (a p38 MAPK inhibitor) plus high glucose respectively for 72 h. The expressions of p38 MAPK, p-p38 MAPK, Snail1, transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1), alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) and E-cadherin protein and mRNA were detected by immunocytochemical staining, Western blot and RT-PCR. The p38 MAPK and p-p38 MAPK were specifically upregulated by high glucose in both in vivo and in vitro studies. The p38 MAPK activation was abolished by insulin controlling hyperglycemia to normal level in DM rats and inhibited dramatically by SB202190 in high glucose-cultured PTECs. The protein and mRNA of alpha-SMA were markedly increased in PTECs cultured with high glucose and were 12-fold and 8-fold respectively over that in the normal glucose, which were significantly suppressed by SB202190. SB202190 down-regulated the high glucose-induced Snail1 protein expression in PETCs, and restored partly the depression of E-cadherin protein and mRNA. These results suggest that p38 MAPK mediates high glucose-induced TEMT via transcription factor Snail1.
Actins ; metabolism ; Animals ; Blotting, Western ; Cadherins ; metabolism ; Cells, Cultured ; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental ; metabolism ; Epithelial Cells ; cytology ; metabolism ; Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition ; Glucose ; pharmacology ; Imidazoles ; pharmacology ; Insulin ; pharmacology ; Kidney Tubules ; cytology ; Pyridines ; pharmacology ; Rats ; Snail Family Transcription Factors ; Transcription Factors ; metabolism ; Transforming Growth Factor beta1 ; metabolism ; p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases ; antagonists & inhibitors ; metabolism

The present study was aimed to explore the expressions of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and Snail1 in renal tissues of diabetic rats, and their role in tubular epithelial-mesenchymal transition (TEMT). Induced diabetic rats were randomly divided into 2-, 4-, 8-, 12-, 16-, 20-, 24-week and 16wA, 20wA, 24wA groups. The rats in 16wA, 20wA and 24wA groups were treated with insulin to control blood glucose to the normal level from the 13th week. The age-matched rats were set as controls. Blood glucose, 24-hour urine protein, serum creatinine (Scr), kidney index of rats were measured. PAS staining was used to observe the renal pathological changes. Immunohistochemical staining and (or) Western blot were employed to determine the expressions of TGF-β1, Snail1, E-cadherin, α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and fibronectin (FN) proteins. The expressions of Snail1 and E-cadherin mRNAs in renal cortex were examined by RT-PCR. Blood glucose, 24-hour urine protein, Scr and kidney index increased remarkably in diabetic rats as compared with those in the control groups (P<0.05, P<0.01) and insulin-treated rats (P<0.01). TGF-β1 and Snail1 protein expressions could not be detected by immunohistochemical staining in the normal renal tissues, however, the strongly positive staining was observed in diabetic rat renal tubules. A time-dependent loss of TGF-β1 and Snail1 expressions was detected in the kidney of insulin-treated rats. In diabetic rats tubular α-SMA positive staining was seen at the 16th week. E-cadherin expression was lost in diabetic rats. The expressions of TGF-β1, Snail1 proteins and Snail1 mRNA were significantly up-regulated in diabetic rats, while down-regulated in insulin-treated rats (P<0.01). The expressions of E-cadherin protein and mRNA in the cortex were contrary to the expressions of TGF-β1 and Snail1. Therefore, TGF-β1 and Snail1 are possibly involved in the pathogenesis of TEMT in diabetic nephropathy rats.
Animals ; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental ; metabolism ; Diabetic Nephropathies ; metabolism ; Down-Regulation ; Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition ; Kidney ; pathology ; Kidney Tubules ; metabolism ; Rats ; Snail Family Transcription Factors ; Transcription Factors ; metabolism ; Transforming Growth Factor beta1 ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo study the effect of laparoscopy combined with endoscopic and digital subtraction angiography in the treatment of severe acute pancreatitis (SAP).

METHODSNine-seven SAP patients were randomly divided into group A (n=32) with conventional treatment and group B (n=35) with combined treatment with laparoscopy, endoscopic and digital subtraction angiography in addition to the conventional treatment. The clinical indices and therapeutic effects in the 2 groups were compared.

RESULTSAfter treatment, the patients in group B had significantly lower APACHE score than those in group A (P<0.05), with also better hepatic, renal and lung functions (P<0.05). The serum TNF-alpha and IL-1beta levels was significantly lower, but IL-10 significantly higher in group B (P<0.05). The CT SPN was significantly lowered in group B as compared with that in group A (P<0.05). The patients in group B had significantly lower rate of organ failure (P<0.01) and higher successful rate in organ failure management (P<0.05), with also lowered inhospital mortality than those in group A (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONLaparoscopy combined with endoscopic pancreaticobiliary duct drainage and digital subtraction angiography in addition to conventional treatment significantly improves the outcome and decreases the mortality of SAP patients.

Angiography, Digital Subtraction ; Endoscopy, Digestive System ; Female ; Humans ; Interleukin-1beta ; blood ; Kidney ; physiopathology ; Laparoscopy ; Liver ; physiopathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Multiple Organ Failure ; Pancreatitis ; blood ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; surgery ; Treatment Outcome ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; blood

OBJECTIVESTo investigate the difference of BPH incidence in two groups.

METHODS309 cadres and 314 farmers over 60 years old in district of Wannan have been investigated. The investigation included prostate volume (V), IPSS, L, Qmax, residual urine (R) and dietary constituents.

RESULTSThe intake of animal protein in cadres is more than that in farmers (u = 24.10, P < 0.01), and the incidence rate of BPH is significantly higher (91.1% vs 11.8%, chi 2 = 24.64, P < 0.001). Logistic regression shows that the intake of animal protein has a parallel relationship with BPH.

CONCLUSIONSIn the district of Wannan, the incidence of BPH in cadres is significantly higher than that of farmers, and it may be correlated with the amount of animal protein intake.

Aged ; China ; epidemiology ; Diet ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prostatic Hyperplasia ; epidemiology ; Rural Population ; Urban Population

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the efficacy of intraoperative radiofrequency ablation and 125I therapy for preventing local recurrence in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after hepatectomy.

METHODSSeventy-eight HCC patients with a tumor close to the first or the second hepatic portal underwent hepatectomy with a resection margin less than 1 cm from 1999 to 2001. All patients were randomly divided into control group and combined treatment group according to their check-in date (odd or even). In the control group, 38 patients were treated with hepatectomy alone, whereas in the combined group, 40 patients were treated with hepatectomy plus radiofrequency ablation and 125I implantation on surgical margin. All patients were followed up regularly.

RESULTSthe 1-, 3- and 5-year recurrent rate was 7.5%, 30.0% and 45.0% in the combined treatment group versus 18.4%, 60.5% and 86.8% in the control group, respectively, with a significant difference in the 3-year (chi2 = 7.340, P < 0.01) and 5-year recurrent rates (chi2 = 15.740, P < 0.01). The 1-, 3- and 5-year survival rate was 92.5%, 67.5% and 30.0% in the combined group versus 81.5%, 39.4% and 18.4%, respectively.

CONCLUSIONIntraoperative radiofrequency ablation and 125I therapy on the resection margin is effective to prevent local recurrence in HCC patients after hepatectomy, and to prolong their postoperative tumor free survival.

Adult ; Aged ; Alanine Transaminase ; blood ; Arrhythmias, Cardiac ; etiology ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; blood ; radiotherapy ; surgery ; Catheter Ablation ; adverse effects ; methods ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hepatectomy ; methods ; Humans ; Intraoperative Period ; Iodine Radioisotopes ; therapeutic use ; Liver Neoplasms ; blood ; radiotherapy ; surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ; prevention & control ; Survival Rate

OBJECTIVETo establish the visual patch clamp whole-cell recording technique and study the properties and functional significance of muscarinic receptor-mediated currents in rat medial vestibular nucleus neurons (MVNn).

METHODSBrain slices containing the MVN were prepared from fifteen Wistar rats. By combining infrared differential interference contrast (IR-DIC) technique and CCD-Camera system with visual patch clamp whole-cell recording technique, twenty healthy neurons were located and muscarinic receptor-mediated currents in rat MVNn were observed and analyzed.

RESULTSVisual patch clamp technique can be used to make direct localization and to make sure of active neuron. In MVNn, a comparison of the current-voltage relationships before and during the application of muscarine, which revealed an increase in the slope of the I-V curve and the reversal potential for this response lay at (-88.4 +/- 4.9) mV (x +/- s), indicates that the activation of muscarinic cholinergic receptors leads to a decrease in potassium current. The test in the voltage sensitivity of the muscarine-induced response, which showed that the effect had a linear current-voltage relationship and reversed at (-86.7 +/- 3.5) mV, indicates that the potassium current blocked by muscarine corresponds to the voltage-insensitive leak potassium current.

CONCLUSIONSVisual patch clamp technique, which was considered better than blind patch clamp technique, can improve the success of sealing process. By the analysis of muscarinic receptor-mediated currents, the data provide support that muscarinic cholinergic mechanisms play a prominent role in the modulation of the excitability of MVNn and also offer a new idea for the efficacy of anticholinergic drugs.

Animals ; Electrophysiological Phenomena ; Neurons ; physiology ; Patch-Clamp Techniques ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Receptors, Muscarinic ; physiology ; Vestibular Nuclei ; physiology