Objective To discuss the management of anesthesia for video-assisted laser operation under rigid bronchoscopy.Methods A retrospective review was made on anesthetic records of 15 cases of video-assisted operation under rigid laser bronchoscopy in this hospital from September 2002 to December 2006.According to the ASA classification,there were 7 cases of class Ⅱ,7 cases of class Ⅲ,and 1 case of class Ⅳ.The diagnosis included 13 cases of tumor and 2 cases of cicatricial stricture.All the patients had a forced expiratory volume in 1 second(FEV1) predicted lower than 70%. By using intravenous fast induction,the propofol,fentanyl,and vecuronium or rocuronium were injected successively.Then a rigid bronchoscope was inserted into the trachea under orthoptic laryngoscope.During the operation a total intravenous anesthesia(TIVA) was maintained.Before induction and 5～10 min after operation,we monitored artery blood gas(ABG) levels.Immediately following the operation the end-tidal CO2 pressure(PETCO2) was measured.Results Hemodynamics parameters were not significantly different between preoperatively and intraoperatively.During the operation,the pH value was 45 mm Hg in 5.All the patients presented normal blood pressures and heart rates. Conclusions During video-assisted laser operation under rigid bronchoscope,anesthesia with normal frequency jet-ventilation and artery blood gas monitoring is safe and reliable.

Objective To compare early-stage clinical features and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis neuroendocrine function in first-episode and untreated major depressive disorders with suicide and without suicide. Methods Untreated patients who had a diagnosis as major depression according to ICD-10 were allocated to suicide with major depressive disorder group or non-suicide with major depressive disorder group according to whether the pa?tients had suicidal ideation or behaviours. Patients were assessed before treatment using the 17-item Hamilton Depres?sion Scale (HAMD-17), the Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA), the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (YBOCS) and the suicide assessment scale. The cortisol (CORT) and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) levels in serum were measured using a chemiluminescence immunoassay. Results There was no significant difference in demographic data be?tween the two groups (P>0.05). In early-stage clinical features, there were significant differences in changes of sexual ac? tivity and feeling of despair (P<0.05). HAMD total scores were significantly higher in the suicide group (P<0.01), whereas HAMA total scores and Y-BOCS total scores were not significantly different between the two groups (P>0.05). There were no significant differences in CORT or ACTH levels between two groups (P>0.05). There were no significant correlation of suicidal scores with early-stage clinical features, symptom scales scores, CORT or ACTH levels (P>0.05). Conclusion De?creased sexual desire and feeling of despair are more severe in depressed patients with suicide than those without. There is no correlation of early-stage clinical features or HPA axis functions with suicide in patients with depression.

Objective To explore the relativity between clinical learning organization culture and core competency among registered nurses,to offer theoretic basis and practical advices for improving core competency among registered nurses.Methods 680 registered nurses in three tertiary hospitals in Ji'nan city were investigated with the general information questionnaire,Competency Inventory for Registered Nurses and the Dimensions of The Learning Organization Questionnaire.Results The total score and all the four subscales of learning organization were positively correlated with the core competency among registered nurses(P＜0.01),the dimension of overall situation senses and strategic leadership were the main influencing factors.Conclusions The cultivation of nurses' overall situation senses should be strengthened,providing strategic leadership for learning,strengthening cooperation and innovation,and promoting inquiry and communication.These will help increase core competency among registered nurses and improve their general competence.

Objective To study the antigenicity of human thyrotropin receptor(hTSHR)amino terminus (amino acid 29～280)and its association with Graves' disease.Methods Total thyroid RNA was prepared from human normal thyroid tissue.RNA was then reversely transcripted and cDNA was subjected to PCR amplification.PCR product was cloned into pcDNA3.1 and the recombinant plasmid was named pcDNA3.1/hTSHR188～940bp. Balb/c mice were immunized with peDNA3.1/hTSHR188～940bp. The levels of serum thyroxin,anti-TSHR antibody(TRAb)and thyroid stimulating antibody(TSAb)were measured,and the pathological changes of thyroid tissue were also observed.Results A 753 bp fragment encoding hTSHR ectodomain amino end was obtained after PCR amplification.Confirmed by Hind Ⅲ restriction enzyme digestion and DNA sequencing,pcDNA3.1/hTSHR188～940bphad been constructed successfully,with the correct sequence and direction of hTSHR188～940bp.In the Balb/c mice treated with pcDNA3.1/hTSHR188～940bp,elevated TRAb in week 6(0.148±0.018)were observed compared with those at week o(0.106±0.006,P＜0.01),and kept a higher level till week 10(0.134±0.011,P＜0.01).T4 and TSAb index values were significantly increased in week 10.Serum T4 concentration increased from(41.02±7.97)μg/L in week 0 to(62.20±12.77)μg/L in week 10(P＜0.01);TSAb index values rose from 0.864±0.076 at week 0 to 1.392±0.615(P＜0.01).Thyroid pathological examination showed that proliferated thyroid follicular epithelial cells and foll icular eapacity increased.Inflammatory cells were occasionally found.Conclusions There are antigen epitopes in hTSHR ectodomain amino acid 29～280,which can stimulate the production of TSAb.And the latter induces hyperthyroidism and Graves' disease like manifestations.It suggests that hTSHR ectodomain amino acid 29～280 is closely associated with Graves' disease,and maybe one of important etiological factors leading to the disease.

OBJECTIVETo study the effect of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) transplantation on the major inflammatory cytokines content in peripheral blood, lung water mass fraction, and lung tissue injury in rabbits with smoke inhalation injury.

METHODSSixteen adult New Zealand big ear rabbits were subjected to smoke inhalation injury and then were divided into pure injury group (PI, n = 8) and MSC transplantation group (MT, n = 8) according to the random number table. Via ear marginal vein, rabbits in PI group were injected with 10 mL phosphate buffered saline (PBS); rabbits in MT group were injected with 10 mL PBS containing the third passage MSC (1 x 10⁷ cell) isolated from marrow of healthy young New Zealand big ear rabbit. Another 8 rabbits were enrolled as normal control group (NC). Rabbits in NC group were injected with 10 mL PBS via ear marginal vein without smoke inhalation injury. Blood was harvested from rabbits in PI and MT groups at post injury hour (PIH) 2, 4, 6. Contents of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-10 in serum were determined with ELISA. At PIH 24, left lung was harvested for morphology and histopathology observation; the right lung tissue was obtained to measure and calculate lung water mass fraction. Blood and lung tissue of rabbits in NC group were harvested and determined in the same way. Data were processed with t test.

RESULTS(1) Serum contents of TNF-α in PI and MT groups at each time point were obviously higher than that in NC group (t = 2.43 - 9.57, P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). Serum contents of IL-1β and IL-6 in PI group at each time point were obviously higher than those in NC group (t = 8.49 - 19.80, P values all below 0.01). Serum content of IL-1β in MT group at each time point was close to that in NC group (t = 0.11 - 0.92, P values all above 0.05). Serum content of IL-6 in MT group at PIH 2 was close to that in NC group (t = 2.12, P > 0.05), but that of MT group increased significantly at PIH 4 and 6 (t = 2.83, P values all below 0.05). Serum contents of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 in MT group at each time point were obviously lower than those in PI group (t = 2.35 - 12.45, P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). (2) Serum content of IL-10 in MT group at PIH 2, 4, and 6 was respectively (13.0 ± 3.6), (11.6 ± 8.5), (15.2 ± 4.4) pg/mL, and they were higher than those in PI group [(5.5 ± 3.4), (5.0 ± 1.7), (7.9 ± 3.5) pg/mL, with t value respectively 4.28, 2.15, 3.67, P values all below 0.01]. Serum contents of IL-10 in PI and MT groups were obviously higher than that in NC group (t = 2.46-8.14, P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). (3) Lung tissue injury in MT group was alleviated markedly as compared with that in PI group. (4) At PIH 24, lung water mass fraction in MT group was (69 ± 7)%, which was obviously lower than that in PI group [(87 ± 6)%, t = 5.49, P < 0.01]. Compared with that in NC group [(48 ± 3)%], lung water mass fraction in PI and MT groups were increased obviously (with t value respectively 16.93 and 7.22, P values all below 0.01).

CONCLUSIONSMSC transplantation can decrease pro-inflammatory cytokines, increase anti-inflammatory cytokines, decrease lung water mass fraction, ameliorate systemic inflammatory response, and protect lung tissue in rabbits with smoke inhalation injury.

Animals ; Bone Marrow Cells ; cytology ; Inflammation ; Interleukin-10 ; blood ; Interleukin-6 ; blood ; Lung Injury ; blood ; surgery ; Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation ; Rabbits ; Smoke Inhalation Injury ; blood ; surgery ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; blood

Background Oxidative damage may cause the functional dysfunction and death of retinal vascular endothelial cells(RVECs),and further leads to the development of retinal vascular diseases.Fufang xueshuantong has a therapeutic effect on retinal vascular diseases,but little is known about its molecular mechanism.Objective The goal of this study was to investigate the protective effects and mechanism of fufang xueshuantong on injury of human RVECs induced by tert-butyl hydroperoxide(t-BHP).Methods Human RVECs were isolated from healthy donor eyes and primarily cultured and then identified by flow cytometry.The third to fifth generations of cells were used in this experiments.The fufang xueshuantong solution of 0.0625,0.1250,0.2500,0.5000 and 1.0000 g/L were added in the cuhure plate with 5 × 104/L cells respectively in the experimental groups,and t-BHP of 75,100,200 and 300 μ.mol/L were added in the model control groups.MTT was used to detect the A490and survival rate of RVECs.The apoptotic rate and death rate of the cells were evaluated by double staining of Annexin V-FITC/PI.Morphology of human RVECs were examined using invert microscopy and Hoechst33258 staining.The expressions of nitro tyrosine (a marker of oxidative damage of protein)and 8-OHdG(a marker of oxidative damage of DNA)in human RVECs were assessed by the immunofluorescence staining.Western blot was used to detect the expressions of nuclear factorkappa B(NF-KB),p53,bcl-2 and bax after 6,12,24 hours t-BHP action.This study was approved by the Ethic Committee of Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center.Results No significant difference was found in A490value among the normal control group,0.0625,0.1250,0.2500,0.5000 and 1.0000 g/L fufang xueshuantong groups(F =1.989,P＞0.05).The survival rates of the cells were lower in 75,100,200 and 300 μmol/L t-BHP groups compared with corresponding fufang xueshuantong groups(t =14.57,13.82,21.51,32.64,P＜ 0.01).The percentages of normal cells were evidently lower in 75,100,200 and 300 μmol/L t-BHP compared with corresponding fufang xueshuantong groups(t=14.908,5.495,17.165,26.330,P＜0.01).The numbers of deformation and death of the human RVECs increased as the elevated concentration of t-BHP,but those in fufang xueshuantong groups were less than the t-BHP groups under the invert microscopy.Compared with t-BHP groups,the expressions of nitro tyrosine,8-OHdG,NF-KB,p53 and bax were lower but the expression of bcl-2 was higher in human RVECs with the statistically significant differences(P＜0.05).Fufang xueshuantong at the concentration of 0.2500 g/L showed maximally protective effect on human RVECs.Conclusions Fufang xueshuantong protects human RVECs against the t-BHP-induced injury through downregulating the expression of NF-kB,p53,bax and up-regulating the express of the bcl-2 protein.

Objective Blood pressure variability (BPV) is an independent risk factor for the death of patients with maintenance hemodialysis (MHD).There is no study on the influencing factors of BPV at home in HD patients in China.The article aimed to investigate MHD patients'BPV at home and related influencing factors in order to provide theoretical basis for reducing home BPV (HBPV) clinically. Methods We chose 103 patients who were treated with MHD in the Renal Medicine Room of Nephrology Department in three upper first -class hospitals including Jiangsu Provincial People 's Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Suzhou University and the Affiliated Hospi -tal of Jiangsu University from March 2017 to October 2017.We col-lected their 7 days'blood pressure monitoring at home and blood pressure before dialysis, average value and standard deviation in sys -tolic blood pressure monitoring at home, and took the coefficient of variation of systolic blood pressure as the expression of HBPV .The patients were divided into high BPV group (BPV≥5.8％) and low BPV group (BPV<5.8％) according to the average BPV.At the same time, we recorded indexes such as sex , age, dialysis age, primary disease, BMI, inter-dialytic weight gain (IDWG), left ven-tricular mass index(LVMI) and analyzed relative influencing factors by multiple linear regression . Results The age, IDWG and LV-MI were positive independent influencing factors of HBPV (R 2 =0.467,F=10.945,P<0.001).According to standardized regression co-efficient, the contribution of each variable to HBPV was as follows : PIBWG >Age>LVMI. Conclusion In clinical nursing, we should actively control the IDWG of patients , encourage patients to monitor their blood pressure at home , and increase their awareness of the importance of home BPV.Meanwhile, HBPV is an important index for predicting left ventricular hypertrophy and can be used as an objective tool to improve patients 'self-management ability.

OBJECTIVETo compare botanical characteristics of cultivated Chrysanthemum morifolium cv. 'Hangju' of different origins in order to provide the basis for introduction and cultivation of Ch. morifolium cv. 'Hangju'.

METHODThe characteristics of plants, leaves and capitulum of Ch. morifolium cv. 'Hangju' were measured, and the obtained data were analyzed and compared.

RESULTThe range of plant height was 60.87-99.47 cm, number of branches 2.76-5.20, leave length 4.90-8.40 cm, leave width 3.25-5.38 cm, aspect ratio of leave 1.35-1.83, number of leave split 1.92-3.08. Numbers of capitulum were 21.92-53.12, diameter of capitulum 3.41-5.48 cm, lays of ray florets 3.28-7.16, number of ray florets 55.32-114.60, ray florets length 1.58-2.37 cm, ray florets width 0.50-0.69 cm, aspect ratio of ray florets 2.90-3.99, diameter of tubular flower 1.10-1.58 cm.

CONCLUSIONThe botanical characteristics of cultivated Ch. morifolium cv. 'Hangju' were distinguished from different origins. With the cultivation environment change, the botanical characteristics of the cultivars are changed.

China ; Chrysanthemum ; chemistry ; growth & development ; Flowers ; chemistry ; growth & development ; Plant Leaves ; chemistry ; growth & development ; Plant Stems ; chemistry ; growth & development

OBJECTIVETo observe the effects of kaempferol and quercetin on the activity of cytochrome P450 in rat hepatocytes.

METHODSPrimarily cultured rat hepatocytes were exposed to kaempferol or quercetin in concentrations of 0.1, 1, 10 micromol/L for 12 h, 24 h and 48 h. Hepatocytes CYP isoemzymes-erythromycin N-demethylase (ERND) and aminopyrine N-demethylase (ADM) activities were determined by Nash methods. Erythromycin (10 micromol/L) was used as positive control and DMSO(0.1%) as solvent control.

RESULTSKaempferol and quercetin inhibited ENRD activity in a dose-and time-dependent manner. In dose-response study, the ENRD activities in kaempferol (0.1,1 and 10 micromol/L) treated groups were (0.088+/-0.008), (0.074+/-0.006) and (0.041+/-0.003)micromol/(mg.min(-1)), respectively. ENRD activity in quercetin treated groups at the same concentrations were (0.082+/-0.007), (0.063+/-0.007) and (0.034+/-0.005) micromol/(mg.min(-1)), respectively. In time-courses study, the ENRD activity exposed to 10 micromol/L kaempferol or quercetin for 12 h and 48 h were (0.053+/-0.006) and (0.037+/-0.007) micromol/(mg.min(-1)), or (0.067+/-0.005) and (0.032+/-0.004) micromol/(mg.min(-1)). ADM activity was inhibited only by kaempferol in 10 mol/L at 24 h, but was not significantly altered by quercetin at any concentration tested.

CONCLUSIONIn the present condition, kaempferol and quercetin act as potential CYP3A4 inhibitors as they can significantly inhibit ENRD in primarily cultured rat hepatocytes.

Aminopyrine N-Demethylase ; metabolism ; Animals ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; enzymology ; Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A ; metabolism ; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System ; metabolism ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Hepatocytes ; metabolism ; Kaempferols ; pharmacology ; Liver Neoplasms ; enzymology ; pathology ; Quercetin ; pharmacology ; Rats ; Tumor Cells, Cultured