OBJECTIVETo explore the causes and mechanisms of children elbow joint injury led to elbow varus.

METHODSOne hundred children with elbow varus causded by elbow joint injuries were retrospectively studied during January 2005 to April 2008 in department of child orthopedics involving 54 males and 46 females with an average age of 9.7 years old ranging from 7 to 16 years. The anterior-posterior and lateral position X-ray films of elbow joint continuous 12 to 18 months (means 15 months) of all the cases were collected. The postoperative X-ray films were observed to analyze the cause of elbow varus.

RESULTSThere were 81 cases caused by epiphyseal dysplasia, growth imbalance, included 47 cases of humeral supracondylar fractures, 16 cases of entire epiphysis separation of distal humerus, 11 cases of humeral lateral condyle fractures, 7 cases of humeral medial condyle fractures. There were 19 cases caused by ulna drift and rotation of the distal fracture end,the ulnaris cortibal bone crushing and collapse involving 11 of humeral supracondylar fractures, 2 of entire epiphysis separation of distal humerus, 5 of humeral lateral condyle fractures, 1 of humeral medial condyle fractures.

CONCLUSIONThere are two main factors of formation for the children elbow varus deformity: the main causes is epiphysial dysplasia after fracture and imbalance growth of epiphysis; the secondary reasons is ulnar inclination of the distal fracture, rotation of the distal fracture, fracture shift such as ulnar bone cortical extrusion collapse.

Adolescent ; Child ; Elbow Joint ; diagnostic imaging ; injuries ; pathology ; surgery ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Fractures, Bone ; diagnostic imaging ; etiology ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Retrospective Studies ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

An experimental model of reproducible focal cerebral contusions in rats was made by a free-drop impacting right hemisphere. The expression of fibronectin and its mRNA after cerebral contusion were detected respectively by immunohistochemical staining and in situ hybridization. Results indicated that the expression of fibronectin and its mRNA increased after injury, and there existed a relationship between increased fibronectin and its mRNA and different intervals after brain injury. It is inferred that the expression of fibronectin and its mRNA can be used for timing of brain injuries and distinguishing antemortem and postmortem brain contusions.
Animals ; Brain Injuries/metabolism* ; Fibronectins/biosynthesis* ; Immunohistochemistry ; In Situ Hybridization ; Male ; Postmortem Changes ; RNA, Messenger/biosynthesis* ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Time Factors

OBJECTIVETo make the kit with witch to identify Penis et Testis Cervi with molecular taxonomy.

METHODThe mtDNA of sika and red deer from different areas was amplified by PCR and sequenced. Compared with the mtDNA of bovine and horse from witch the false medicines were made, characteristic segments of deer were found. We selected one as the species distinctive PCR primer of deer.

RESULTThe kit made up with this primer and related reagents could be used to discern Penis et Testis Cervi from the false medicine.

CONCLUSIONIt is a scientific, steady, accurate and convenient way to identify Penis et Testis Cervi with molecular taxonomy.

Animals ; Cattle ; genetics ; DNA ; genetics ; DNA Primers ; DNA, Mitochondrial ; genetics ; Deer ; classification ; genetics ; Drug Contamination ; Horses ; genetics ; Male ; Materia Medica ; chemistry ; Penis ; chemistry ; Testis ; chemistry

OBJECTIVETo explore Chinese medical syndrome distribution features of Japanese encephalitis (JE), and to analyze its correlation between syndromes and features of etiologies and pathogeneses.

METHODSRecruited were 277 patients with confirmative diagnosis of JE from Wuhan Medical Treatment Center, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Chongqing Medical University, Fifth People's Hospital of Guiyang City, Hangzhou Sixth People's Hospital, and Chengdu Hospital of Infectious Diseases between July to September 2012. Chinese medical syndrome distribution features were summarized from their general materials and detailed records of clinical data, including medical history, symptoms and signs, tongue fur, and pulse figures.The frequency of symptoms and signs was calculated according to mild, ordinary, severe, extreme severe degrees. The distribution of Chinese medical syndromes was summarized. And its correlation between syndromes and features of etiologies and pathogeneses were analyzed.

RESULTSAfter clustering analysis, Chinese medical syndromes of JE could be categorized as four groups: toxicity accumulation in Fei and Wei syndrome (TAFWS), brain collateral impaired by poison syndrome (BCIPS), depression of toxicity in the pericardium syndrome (DTPS), exhaustion of yin and yang syndrome (EYYS). BCIPS and DTPS were dominated, accounting for 74.0% (205 cases). The main causes covered evil of summer heat [accounting for 92.42% (256/277 cases)], heat [accounting for 87.73% (243/277 cases)], and toxin [accounting for 99.64% (276/277 cases)].

CONCLUSIONSThe four Chinese medical syndrome types of JE met Chinese medical clinical features of encephalitis. It is induced by infestation of dampness-heat, resulting in toxicity accumulation in Fei and Wei, brain collateral impaired by poison, depression of toxicity in the pericardium. Yin fluid and blood is exhausted as time goes by. Qi and yin are impaired to form intermingled deficiency and excess, and finally causing exhaustion of yin and yang.

Adolescent ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Encephalitis, Japanese ; diagnosis ; pathology ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; methods ; Yang Deficiency ; diagnosis ; Yin Deficiency ; diagnosis

Abstract: Objective （ ） To compare the measured results of arsenic in urine by atomic fluorescence spectrometry AFS and - （ - ）， Methods inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy ICP MS and analyze the reasons of the difference. The samples WS/T 474-2015 Determination of Arsenic in Urine by Hydride Generation Atomic Fluorescence were pretreated according to Spectrometry， （ ∶ ∶ ∶∶ ，V/V/V） and digested with mixed acid nitric acid sulfuric acid perchloric acid=3 1 1 and then determined by - - AFS and ICP MS. The samples were diluted with 0.50% nitric acid and determined by ICP MS. The samples included urine ， ， （ arsenic quality control samples inorganic arsenic supplemented samples and organic arsenic arsenic choline and arsenic ） - betaine supplemented samples. Standard curve method was used to compare the results of AFS method and ICP MS method. Results （ ） （ ） The results of quality control samples by AFS method digestion and ICP-MS method without digestion were ， - within the range of reference values but the values obtained by AFS method were lower than those obtained by ICP MS method. - - - ， The recovery of AFS and ICP MS was 97.79% 100.82% and 99.55% 99.98% respectively. In the middle and high ， - （ P ） concentration groups the measured values of inorganic arsenic by AFS were lower than that by ICP MS all <0.01 . The （ ） - recovery of arsenic betaine and arsenic choline by AFS method digestion was only 2.17% 2.63%. The values of arsenic betaine （ ） - （ and arsenic choline measured by AFS method digestion were lower than those measured by ICP MS method without ） - （ ）（ P ）Conclusion digestion and ICP MS method digestion all <0.01 . The result of urine arsenic measured by AFS method - ， was lower than that measured by ICP MS method which may be related to the mixed acid digestion of AFS method. Keywords: ； - ； ； ； ； ；

OBJECTIVE: To reconstruct the course of vehicle collision, so that to provide the reference for forensic identification and disposal of traffic accidents. METHODS: Through analyzing evidences left both on passengers and vehicles, technique of momentum impulse combined with multi-dynamics was applied to simulate the motion and injury of passengers as well as the track of vehicles. RESULTS: Model of computer stimulation perfectly reconstructed phases of the traffic collision, which coincide with details found by forensic investigation. CONCLUSION Computer stimulation is helpful and feasible for forensic identification in traffic accidents.
Accidents, Traffic ; Automobiles ; Computer Simulation ; Forensic Medicine/methods* ; Humans ; Models, Theoretical ; Software ; Wounds and Injuries/etiology*

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the expression of c-fos in rats' skin during wound healing. METHODS: Immunohistochemistry was conducted on paraffin section from incised wounding model of rat skin. RESULTS: Fos protein improved from the time of 10 min after wounding in the wound edge, then it reached peak at 3 h. 24 h after injury, the quantity of Fos expression had no difference with that of normal skin. CONCLUSION Fos is sensitive after wound, but should be used with other criteria in wounding interval estimation as it's unstediness.
Animals ; Genes, Immediate-Early ; Immunohistochemistry ; Male ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos/biosynthesis* ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Skin/metabolism* ; Time Factors ; Wounds and Injuries/metabolism*

Objective:To assess the value of Xiaozeng Qianggu tablet combined with Zhengshishuhuo tincture in treating knee osteoarthritis(KOA)combined with osteoporosis(OP)on the basis of quantitative magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)and quantitative CT(QCT).Methods:A total of 80 patients with KOA combined with OP admitted to the hospital were selected,and they were divided into an observation group and a control group according to the random number table method,with 40 cases in each group.The observation group was treated with Xiaozeng Qianggu Tablets combined with Zhengshishuhuo tincture that coordinated local massage,while the control group was treated with Zhengshishuhuo tincture alone coordinated local massage.The visual analogue scale(VAS),Westerm Ontario and Mcmaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index(WOMAC)and short form-36(SF-36)scores before and after treatment of the two groups of patients were compared,as well as the changes of serum IL-1β,IL-6 and TNF-α levels of patients.Quantitative MRI and QCT were used to measure the imaging changes of the patients'knee joints before and after treatment,and whole organ magnetic resonance imaging score(WOMRIS)and bone mineral density(BMD)values of knee joint before and after treatment between two groups were further compared.Results:After treatment,the VAS and WOMAC scores of the patients in the observation group were significantly lower than those of the control group,and the SF-36 scores of that was significantly lower than that of the control group,the differences were statistically significant(t=2.518,t=2.017,t=2.262,P<0.05),respectively.The serum TNF-α,IL-1β,and IL-6 levels of the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group,and the differences were statistically significant(t=2.429,t=2.641,t=4.065,P<0.05).The scores of subchondral bone marrow edema,meniscal injury and degeneration and joint effusion of observation group were significantly lower than those of the control group,and the differences were statistically significant(t=2.641,t=2.216,t=2.262,P<0.05).The BMD values of the four parts included the femoral medial condyle,lateral condyle,tibial lateral platform and tibial medical platform of the observation group were respectively higher than those of control group,and the differences were statistically significant(t=2.864,t=3.985,t=4.276,t=2.714,P<0.05).Conclusion:Xiaozeng Qianggu Tablets combined with Zhengshishuhuo tincture that coordinated local massage can effectively relieve pain of patients with KOA combined with OP,and improve joint function,and delay osteoporosis of knee joint.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed at computer simulation of reconstruction of vehicle-bicyclist traffic accidents and investigation of the injury characteristics. METHODS: To use the model established by high performance computer and PC-Crash software to study the bicyclists and vehicles and to reconstruct the accident. RESULTS: The model of computer simulation response perfectly reconstructed phases of the traffic collision and explained the mechanisms of the injuries of the bicyclists, which correlated with details found in forensic investigation. CONCLUSION Computer simulation is feasible for forensic analysis on the injury mechanism of bicyclists in traffic related accidents.
Accidents, Traffic ; Bicycling/injuries* ; Computer Simulation ; Forensic Medicine/methods* ; Humans ; Models, Theoretical ; Software ; Wounds and Injuries/pathology*

OBJECTIVE: To reconstruct the collision process of traffic accident and the injury mode of the victim by computer simulation technology in forensic assessment of traffic accident. METHODS: Forty actual accidents were reconstructed by stimulation software and high performance computer based on analysis of the trace evidences at the scene, damage of the vehicles and injury of the victims, with 2 cases discussed in details. RESULTS: The reconstruction correlated very well in 28 cases, well in 9 cases, and suboptimal in 3 cases with the above parameters. Accurate reconstruction of the accident would be helpful for assessment of the injury mechanism of the victims. CONCLUSION Reconstruction of the collision process of traffic accident and the injury mechanism of the victim by computer simulation is useful in traffic accident assessment.
Accidents, Traffic ; Automobiles ; Computer Simulation ; Forensic Medicine/methods* ; Humans ; Models, Theoretical ; Software ; Wounds and Injuries/pathology*