Objective To evaluate the relationship between serum C‐P levels and microvascular complications in patients with T 2DM. Methods The clinical data of 434 patients with T2DM were retrospectively analyzed. All subjects were divided into three groups based on ΔC‐P (2 hC‐P - FC‐P) tertiles :ΔC‐P1(≤2.2 ng/ml) ,ΔC‐P2(2.3~4.0 ng/ml) and ΔC‐P3(≥4.1 ng/ml). Results The levels of BMI ,TG ,FC‐P were lower ,and the course and HbAl c were higher in ΔC‐P1 group. ΔC‐P level was positively associated with BMI and TG (P< 0.05) ,and negatively associated with prevalence of DR and chronic kidney disease (CKD)in diabetes ,course and HbA1 c.ΔC‐P levels decreased gradually with the progression of DR and CKD. Logistic regression analysis showed that lower ΔC‐P level was the independent risk factor for microvascular complications after adjustment for related risk factors. Conclusion Serum ΔC‐P level is an independent factor for the development of diabetic microvasculr complications in T 2DM.

The influence of Chang-Bai Xin kui(长白新圭) on the acid ?-naPhthyl acetate esterase(ANAE) positive lymphocytes was studied by using ANAE as a cytochemical marker.S180 cells ef ascites tumor were inoculated into the mice in experimental and control group. 3 days later, 0.8mg/0.2ml of Chang-Bai Xin Kni was injected peritoneally into the mice in experimental group everyday in 7 days. Eaeh of the two groups has its own self control.The experimental results show that there is no significant differences in total numbar of ANAE positive lymphoctes between the two groups and all self-controls.But after 7 days of injecting the drug, the granular pattern and scattered granular pattern of lymphoctes were increased significantly(P

Objective To explore the risk factors of mortality in neonates with severe bacterial pneumonia. Method The clinical data of 249 neonates with severe bacterial pneumonia from January 2011 to November 2015 were analyzed retrospectively, and the related factors of mortality were analyzed. Results Of the 249 children, 45 died and mortality rate was 18.07%. A total of 251 strains of pathogenic bacteria were detected in the bacterial culture, and the top 5 pathogens were Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Staphylococcus epidermidis. Univariate analysis showed that the gestational age, premature rupture of membranes, age at the time of hospital admission, birth weight, feeding, Apgar score, total bilirubin, complications, traumatic treatment, parenteral nutrition, and multidrug-resistant bacteria infection between the death group and survival group were significantly different (all P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the age at admission <7 days (OR=4.30, 95%CI: 1.74～10.64), Apgar scores <7 (OR=3.24, 95%CI: 1.23～8.49), and having complications (OR=6.81, 95%CI: 2.65～17.46), multidrug-resistant bacteria infection (OR=6.16, 95%CI: 1.90～19.99) and traumatic therapy (OR=3.82, 95%CI: 1.03～14.16) were the independent risk factors of mortality in neonatal severe bacterial pneumonia (all P <0.05). Conclusion The mortality rate of neonatal severe bacterial pneumonia is relatively high. And the main risk factors of death were the age at admission <7 days, Apgar scores <7, and having complications, multidrug- resistant bacteria infection and traumatic therapy.

Objective To analyze the influencing factors for fungal infection in hospitalized patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome(AIDS),and provide basis for taking preventive and control measures.Methods Clini-cal data of 112 inpatients with AIDS in a tertiary first-class hospital from January 2010 to October 2015 were ana-lyzed retrospectively,related risk factors were analyzed in patients with fungal infection,univariate analysis was performed byχ2 or t test,and multivariate analysis was performed by logistic regression analysis.Results Among 112 AIDS inpatients,41 (36.61%)had fungal infection.Candida albicans was the main pathogen (n=52, 76.74%)and was mainly isolated from lower respiratory tract (n=29,42.65%).Univariate analysis showed that invasive procedures,duration of antimicrobial use,combined antimicrobial use,and decreased CD4+ T lymphocyte count in peripheral blood were risk factors for fungal infection in AIDS inpatients(all P<0.05),while oral cleaning care and systemic antiviral therapy were protective factors for fungal infection(all P<0.05);multivariate analysis showed that decreased CD4+ T lymphocyte count in peripheral blood(OR,1.017[95% CI,1.009-1.025])and combined antimicrobial use(OR,3.975[95%CI,1.093-14.448])were independent risk factors for fungal infection in AIDS inpatients,while systemic antiviral therapy was independent protective factor for fungal infection (OR, 0.288[95%CI,0.099-0.841]).Conclusion There are many factors influencing fungal infection in AIDS patients, rational use of antimicrobial agents,systemic antiviral therapy,and increasing serum albumin concentration are main methods to prevent fungal infection,avoid unnecessary invasive procedures and application of preventive antifungal therapy for high-risk patients are also effective to prevent fungal infection.

objective To investigate the ability of insulin sensitivity index HOMA2-%S and secretion function index HOMA2-%B calculated by HOMA2,the new homeostasis model assessment,in clinical application. Methods Eighty female volunteers with polycystic ovary syndrome in Chongqing area [50 subjects with normal glucose tolerance(NGT group)and 30 subjects with impaired glucose regulation(IGR group)]were involved in this study.Thev underwent a 75 g oral glucose tolerance test(OGTF)and the Botnia clamp test. From the data of faming blood samples in OGTF,insulin sensitivity index HOMAI-ISI,secretion function index HOMAl-β and disposal index DI-HOMA1 were calculated by the old homeostasis model assessment(HOMA I),meanwhile insulin sensitivity index HOMA2-%S,secretion function index HOMA2-%B and disposal index(DI-HOMA2) were caleulated by the new homeostasis model assessment (HOMA2).Correlation coefficients between insulin sensitivity index and GIR (the glucose infusion rate at steady state of Botnia clamp test),and between insulin secretion function index and AIR(the acute insulin response in Botnia clamp test),were studied.Results The Pearson's linear correlation coefficient between HOMA2-%S and GIR(r=0.503),HOMA1-ISI and HOMA2-%S (r= 0.990).HOMA2-%B and AIR(r=0.382),HOMA1-B and HOMA2-%B(r=0.976) were all statistically significant(a11 P<0.01).The glucose disposal indexes calculated from the HOMA2 and HOMA1 of 1GR group were significantly lower than those from the NGT group(t=2.825,P<0.Ol;t=2.222,P<0.05). Conclusion The HOMA2 is a better model in evaluating the insulin sensitivity and secretion function and is recommended to be widely used in clinical evaluation.

Birth Weight ; Female ; Gastrointestinal Diseases ; etiology ; therapy ; Gestational Age ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Male

Objective To analyze risk factors of multiple drug-resistant infections in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Methods The clinical data from 284 hospitalized pediatric patients were retrospectively analyzed from June 2011 to July 2015 . The differences between 59 cases with multiple drug-resistant infections and 225 cases with non-multiple drug-resistant infections were compared and analyzed by logistic regression. Results All of 284 cases were single birth. Fifty-nine cases ( 13 . 13 ± 9 . 03 days old) had multiple drug-resistant infections, in which 42 were males and 17 were females. Two hundred and twenty-ifve cases ( 14 . 21 ± 8 . 34 days old) had non-multiple drug-resistant infections, in which 175 cases of males and 50 cases of females. Single factor analysis showed that 8 factors, including gestational age, birth weight, days in hospital, Apgar score at birth, mechanical ventilation, parenteral nutrition, and the categories and duration of use of antimicrobial agents, were the risk factors of multiple drug-resistant infections (P?

Objective To analyze the risk factors of multiple drug resistant bacterial infections in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and provide guidance for disease control and prevention. Methods Clinical data of 814 COPD patients were retrospectively analyzed from June 2011 to May 2015, including patient's age, gender, smoking history, age of onset, severity, aggravated frequency, duration of exacerbations, diabetes mellitus, complications, use frequency and use duration of glucocorticoid, use frequency of antimicrobial agents and use duration of each time, types of antimicrobial drugs used, combined with antibacterial drugs, plasma albumin concentration, blood glucose, bacteria culture detection of multi drug resistant bacteria infection. The risk factors of multi drug resistant bacteria infection were analyzed. Results A total of 857 pathogenic bacteria were isolated from 814 COPD patients with pulmonary infection. Multiple drug resistant bacteria infection were detected in 170 cases, and 175 strains (20.42%) were detected. The detection rate of multi drug resistant/PAN resistant pseudomonas aeruginosa (MDR/PDR-PA) was 55.38% (36/65). There were significant differences in patients with multi drug resistant bacteria infection between different clinical pathological characteristics. Logistic regression analysis showed that the acute exacerbation duration (days), long time use of antimicrobial drugs, and high frequency of corticosteroids and antibiotics use were independent risk factor of multi drug resistant bacteria infection in COPD patients. Conclusion Prevention and treatment of multiple drug resistant bacteria infection in COPD patients should pay attention to the combination of community and hospital, and take effective measures to prevent and control the risk factors.

BACKGROUND:Absorption and atrophy of the alveolar ridge always happen after tooth extraction. There are stil a lot of difficulties to be worked out to prevent the atrophy of the alveolar ridge. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effect of the nano-chitosan/bone morphogenetic protein hydrogel on preventing absorption of the residual alveolar ridge of the rats. METHODS:Total y 54 Sprague-Dawley rats were divided randomly and equal y into three groups. A model of residual alveolar ridge was made by extraction of the left central incisor. Nano-chitosan bone morphogenetic protein hydrogel was implanted into the rat’s alveolar fossa of the experimental group;the alveolar fossa of the control group was implanted with nano-chitosan hydrogel;the alveolar fossa of the blank group was implanted with nothing. Rat’s mandible was ful y dissected after 3, 6, 9 weeks, respectively. Molybdenum target X-ray examination and pathological observation were evaluated. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:At weeks 3, 6, 9 postoperation, the residual alveolar ridge was absorbed to different degrees, which was milder in the experimental group than the cotrol group and blank group (P<0.05). After 3 weeks, in the blank group, less new bone formed, but bleeding and a large amount of inflammatory cells were visible; in the control group, a few of osteoid tissues and lymphocytes were found; in the experimental group,new bone formed and a small amount of inflammatory cells were observed. After 6 weeks, new bone formed obviously in the experimental group, a little new bone formed in the control group, but less new bone formed in the blank group. After 9 weeks, a large amount of new bone formed in the experimental group with good osteogenic ability; only a few of new bone formed in the control and blank groups. Nano-chitosan/bone morphogenetic protein hydrogel can be used to prevent the absorption of the residual alveolar ridge after tooth extraction.

Objective To analyze the distribution and antimicrobial resistance of pathogenic strains in wound infec-tion,and provide scientific evidence for rational use of antimicrobial agents in treatment of wound infection as well as reducing the emergence of drug-resistant organisms.Methods Data about pathogenic strains isolated from wound specimens of patients with wound infection in a hospital between June 2011 and April 2014 were analyzed retrospectively.Results A total of 965 pathogenic strains were isolated from wound specimens,the main infection sites were limbs(50.47%);infected patients mainly distributed in department of orthopaedic surgery(44.97%);trauma and incisional wound infection were the major infection types(47.98%,36.48%,respectively).Among iso-lated pathogens,gram-positive bacteria,gram-negative bacteria,and fungi accounted for 37.20%,59.59%,and 3.21 % respectively.The main gram-positive bacteria were highly susceptible to vancomycin,teicoplanin,and linezolid,the main gram-negative bacteria were highly resistant to most commonly used antimicrobial agents except cefoperazone/sulbactam,piperacillin/ tazobactam,imipenem,and meropenem.Conclusion Patients with wound infection are mainly distributed in department of orthopedics,the main infection types are trauma and surgical site infection,antimicrobial resistant rates of the major gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria are both high.Sur-geons,especially orthopedics surgeons,should pay attention to the culture of pathogens and monitoring of antimi-crobial susceptibility,use antimicrobial agents rationally,and strengthen the prevention and control of surgical site infection,so as to reduce the infection incidence and occurrence of drug-resistant organisms.