Objective:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of rosuvastatin and atorvastatin in the treatment of the patients with primary hyperlipidemia in China.Methods:The related literatures in CNKI,VIP,Wanfang medicine network,PubMed/MEDLINE,CBM and Chinese dissertations full text database were retrievaled by computer from the establishment time of database to December 31,2015. Two researchers according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria independently selected the studies and extracted the data and assessed the quality of the literatures.The Revman 5.0 software was used to perform Meta analysis of all effect indicators in various groups.Results:A total of 7 randomized controlled trial (RCT)were included,and there was no significant abnormality in bias evaluation. 8 weeks after treatment, the total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C)and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C)levels of the patients in 5 mg rosuvastain group and 10 mg atorvastatin group had no significant differences between before and after treatment (P >0.05);the HDL-C levels of the patients in 10 mg rosuvastatin group and 10 mg atorvastatin group had significant differences between before and after treatment (P < 0.05),but the TG,TC,and LDL-C levels had no significant differences (P >0.05);the TG,TC,LDL-C and HDL-C levels of the patients in 5 mg and 10 mg rosuvastatin groups had no significant differences between before and after treatment (P > 0.05).12 weeks after treatment,there were no significant differences in the TC and LDL-C levels between 10 mg rosuvastatin group and 10 mg atorvastatin group (P >0.05),but there were significant differences in the TG and HDL-C levels (P <0.01).The incidence of adverse reactions of the patients in three groups had no significant differences (P >0.05).Conclusion:5 mg rosuvastatin and 10 mg atorvastatin in the treatment of the patients with primary hypercholesterolemia have similar lipid-lowering effect;with the the increase of the treatment time and the dose,10 mg rosuvastatin can obviously reduce the TG level and increase the HDL-C level of the patients,and the incidence of adverse reactions of two kinds of doses of rosuvastatin has no obvious difference.

Objective To examine the expressions of AQP1 and VEGF in human hepatitis B associated hepatocellular c arcinoma and to investigate its relationship with the occurrence and development of hepatocellularcarcinoma. Methods AQP1 and VEGF expressionsin the cancer tissues and AQP1 and VEGF levels in the serum were detected in 62 cases of hepatocellula carcinomaby immunohistochemistry and ELISA , respectively. Results The expressions of AQP1 and VEGF in the liver cancers were significantly higher than in the normal tissues (P<0.01). The higher expression was related to pathologic type,degrees of differentiation and lymph node metastasis, but not related to sex, age and TNM stages. In the serum of liver cancer, the concentrations of AQP1 and VEGF were significantly higher than those in the control group. Conclusion High expressions of AQP1 and VEGF in the patients with liver cancer may be correlated to the occurrence and development of liver cancer. Plasma levels ofAQP1 and VEGF may be more meaningful for the evaluation of clinical prognosis.

Objective To investigate the effects of total flavonoids in Gingko Biloba on glucose and lipid metabolism and liver function in rats with insulin resistance. Methods Forty SD rats were randomly divided into normal control group,model group,total flavonoids in Gingko Biloba group and rosiglitazone group(positive drug control group)(n=10).Models of insulin resistance were established by high glucose and high fat diet in model group,total flavonoids in Gingko Biloba group and rosiglitazone group.After treatment for 12 weeks,serum glucose,serum lipids,and parameters of insulin resistance,liver function and anti-oxidation capability were detected in each group,and histologic observations of liver tissues were conducted with adipose staining. Results The serum glucose,insulin resistance index(HOMA-IR),insulin action index(IAI),serum total cholesterol(TC),triglyceride(TG),liver malondialdehyde(MDA) and serum transaminase activity in total flavonoids in Gingko Biloba group were significantly lower than those in model group(P

BACKGROUNDWolf-Hirschhorn syndrome (WHS) results from the partial deletion of 4p. This study aimed to identify and fine map the chromosome deletion regions of Chinese children with Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome among the developmental delay/mental retardation (DD/MR) patients.

METHODSWe analyzed the relationship of phenotype and genotype. Inclusion criteria were: moderate to severe DD/MR, no definite perinatal brain injury, and no trauma, toxication, hypoxia, infection of central nervous system; routine karyotyping was normal, no evidence of typical inherited metabolic disorder or specific neurodegenerative disorders from cranial neuro-imaging and blood/urinary metabolic diseases screening; no mutation of FMR1 in male patients, no typical clinical manifestation of Rett syndrome in female patients. Multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) and Affymetrix genome-wide human SNP array 6.0 assays were applied to accurately define the exact size of subtelomeric aberration region of four WHS patients.

RESULTSAll four WHS patients presented with severe DD, hypotonia and microcephaly, failure to thrive, 3/4 patients with typical facial features and seizures, 2/4 patients with congenital heart defects and cleft lip/palate, 1/4 patients with other malformations. The length of the deletions ranged from 3.3 Mb to 9.8 Mb. Two of four patients had "classic" WHS, 1/4 patients had "mild"-to-"classic" WHS, and 1/4 patients had "mild" WHS.

CONCLUSIONSWHS patients in China appear to be consistent with those previously reported. The prevalence of signs and symptoms, distribution of cases between "mild" and "classic" WHS, and the correlation between length of deletion and severity of disease of these patients were all similar to those of the patients from other populations.

Adolescent ; Child ; Female ; Genotype ; Humans ; Male ; Mutation ; Phenotype ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; genetics ; Wolf-Hirschhorn Syndrome ; genetics ; pathology

BACKGROUNDCoronary computed tomographic angiography (CCTA) has been widely used in patients who are at intermediate risk for having stable coronary artery disease (SCAD), and 2013 European Society of Cardiology Guidelines on the Management of SCAD (2013G) recommended the appropriate application of CCTA. However, 2013G has not been subjected to systematic analyses for subsequent impact on clinical practice.

METHODSA total of 5320 patients suspected with SCAD were enrolled and scheduled for CCTA from March 2013 to September 2014. For each patient, pretest probability of SCAD was calculated according to updated Diamond-Forrester model (UDFM). Appropriate CCTA or appropriate stress test was determined as described in the 2013G. A generalized estimating equation model was used to determine the trends in the half-monthly rate of appropriate CCTA.

RESULTSOverall, only 61.37% of patients received appropriate CCTA, and there was insignificant change over time (P = 0.8701). The application of CCTA in patients who should have had a stress test accounted for most of the inappropriate CCTA before (22.29%) or after (19.98%) the publication of the 2013G. In all patients or any subgroup, no significant change in the adjusted half-monthly rate of appropriate CCTA was found after the publication of the 2013G (odds ratio, 1.002; 95% confidence interval, 0.982-1.021; P = 0.8678).

CONCLUSIONSThese findings suggest that the 2013G have not, to date, been fully incorporated into clinical practice, and the clinical utilization of CCTA remains unreasonable to some extent.

Aged ; Coronary Angiography ; methods ; Coronary Artery Disease ; diagnosis ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Odds Ratio

OBJECTIVETo establish the characteristic mode of HPLC fingerprint of Fufangteng combination formula for the quality control of this medicine.

METHOD10 batch certified products were selected to establish the characteristic mode of HPLC fingerprint of Fufangteng combination formula by chromatographic pattern matching and retention time correction.

RESULTThis characteristic mode of HPLC fingerprint can clearly differentiate the eligible Fufangteng products from the unqualified products.

CONCLUSIONThis method can provide thorough information for the quality control of Fufangteng combination formula.

Administration, Oral ; Astragalus membranaceus ; chemistry ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Drug Combinations ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Euonymus ; chemistry ; Panax ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Quality Control

The complete coding sequences of Eya gene family was amplified by standard PCR fromhuman tissues or cells cDNA library.The product of PCR was cloned into the eukaryotic expression vector pcDNA3-FLAG,generating pcDNA3-FLAG-Eya1～4.Thenhuman embryo kidney 293T cells were transfected with the recombinant plasmids and the expression of Eya genes were identified by Western blot.Transcriptional assay using a reporter containing myogenin enhance factor indicated that expression of Eya cooperation with Six in 293T cells affected the Myogenin gene expression.The expression vectors of Eya genes were constructed and confirmed by restriction enzyme digestion and DNA sequence analysis.Transcriptional assay using a reporter containing myogenin enhance factor indicated that expression of Eya in coordination with Six in 293T cells stimulated the Myogenin gene expression.Eya proteins are transcriptional activator of Six and can improve the activity of myogenin promoter.

BACKGROUNDHuman epithelial ovarian cancer cell line SKOV3.ip1 is more invasive and metastatic compared with its parental line SKOV3. A total of 17 000 human genome complementary DNA microarrays were used to compare the gene expression patterns of the two cell lines. Based on this, the gene expression profiles of 22 patients with ovarian cancer were analyzed by cDNA microarray, and screened the 2-fold differentially expressed genes compared with the normal ones. We screened genes relevant to clinical prognosis of serous ovarian cancer by determining the expression profiles of ovarian cancer genes to investigate cell receptor and immunity-associated genes, and as groundwork, identify ovarian cancer-associated antigens at the gene level.

METHODSTotal RNA was extracted from 22 patients with ovarian cancer and DNA microarrays were prepared. After scanning, hybridization signals were collected and the genes that were differentially expressed twice as compared with the normal ones were screened.

RESULTSWe screened 236 genes relevant to the prognosis of ovarian cancer from the 17 000 human genome cDNA microarrays. According to gene classification, 48 of the 236 genes were cell receptor or immunity-associated genes, including 2 genes related to the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage, 4 genes to histological grade, 18 genes to lymph node metastasis, 11 genes to residual disease, and 13 genes to the reactivity to chemotherapy. Several functionally important genes including fibronectin 1, pericentriolar material 1, beta-2-microglobulin, PPAR binding protein were identified through review of the literature.

CONCLUSIONSThe cDNA microarray of ovarian cancer genes developed in this study was effective and high throughput in screening the ovarian cancer-associated genes differentially expressed. Through the studies of the cell receptor and immunity-associated genes we expect to identify the molecular biology index of ovarian cancer-associated antigens.

Cell Line, Tumor ; Female ; Gene Expression Profiling ; methods ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; genetics ; physiology ; Humans ; In Vitro Techniques ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; genetics ; pathology ; Neoplasm Invasiveness ; genetics ; pathology ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; Ovarian Neoplasms ; genetics ; pathology ; Polymerase Chain Reaction

Objective To summarize the experience of long-term survival in patients after simulta- neous kidney-pancreas transplantation(SKPT)with modified enteric drainage(ED).Methods From October 2001 to July 2004,6 patients with end-stage renal disease due to Type 1 diabetes underwent SKPT with modified ED,ie,side-to-side anastomosis between the duodenum of donors and jejunum of recipients. The medication regimen included:mycophenolic acid 500 mg and tacrolimus 2 mg before operation;methyl- prednisolone(MP)1.0 during operation;and 2-dose anti-IL-2 receptor monoclonal antibody(2 cases)or antihuman thymocyte globulin(ATG)(4 cases)for immune induction therapy;MP was used on the first 3 d after transplantation,triple immunosuppressive therapy(tacrotimus,mycophenolic acid and prednisone)was used on the second d after transplantation.Anticoagulants such as low molecular heparin or alprostadil were used for 7-10 d to prevent thrombosis in pancreas graft.Somatostatin was used as prophylaxis for graft pan- creatitis.Ganciclovir was used to prevent cytomegalovirus infection when renal graft gradually recovered 3 to 5 d after transplantation.The follow-up was from 1 year and 3 months to 4 years and 1 month.Results Transplantation was successful in all 6 cases.The blood sugar levels were 6-16 mmol/L.Low-dose insulin was used for 5-10 d,then the blood sugar levels returned to normal range.One of 6 patients experienced nephrotoxicity because of high tacrolimus blood concentration at 7 d after operation;after 3 dialyses and re- duction of tacrolimus dose,the renal allograft regained normal function.Three cases experienced alimentary tract hemorrhage at 14,20 and 22 d,respectively,after operation;the bleeding was stopped after treatment. There were no complications such as pancreatic fistula,intestinal fistula and thrombosis early after operation. All the patients are now alive,specifically,1 survived over 4 years,3 over 3 years,1 over 2 years,and 1 over 1 year.All had normal blood sugar free of insulin use.Five cases had normal renal graft function,with normal sCr,and 1 had sCr＞400?mol/L. Two cases were admitted to hospital due to upper respiratory infection and furuncles in the skin of head 6 months and 2 years,respectively,after operation.They were both cured.No complications such as urinary infection,metabolic acidosis and dehydration occurred.Conclusions SKPT is effective for the treatment of end-stage renal disease due to Type 1 diabetes.SKPT with modified ED are relatively simple with physiological compatibility and fewer complications.High quality of donated organs, HLA matching,pancreatic drainage pattern,rational periopcrative medications and infection late after trans- plantation are important factors affecting the long-term survival of the patients.

OBJECTIVEThe nephrotic syndrome is defined by heavy proteinuria, edema, hypoalbuminemia, and hyperlipidemia. Idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (INS) mainly occurs in children, which is generally treated with glucocorticoids. The majority of patients are steroid-sensitive (SSINS) while steroid-resistance occurs in a subset of NS children (SRINS). Although intensive efforts have been undertaken to study the associations between SRINS and renal pathological changes, pharmacokinetics, and the GR density and binding affinity, the mechanisms underlying steroid-resistance are still not elucidated entirely. The authors hypothesized that it might be associated with polymorphisms in the glucocorticoid receptor gene (NR3C1). The study aimed to screen the NR3C1 gene for polymorphisms in genomic DNA samples from SRINS, SSINS children and control group, and to analyze the association of the polymorphisms in the NR3C1 gene and SRINS of children.

METHODSTotally 39 SRINS and 67 SSINS children (81 males and 25 females with the mean age of 7 years) were involved in the study. Umbilical cord blood of 62 normal neonates and peripheral blood of 2 healthy volunteers were selected as controls. Genomic DNA was isolated from peripheral blood lymphocytes of all subjects. All the NR3C1-coding exons and intron-flanking portions were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). For polymorphism screen, PCR products were analyzed by denaturing high performance liquid chromatography (DHPLC). DNA fragments with aberrant elution profiles were re-amplified and sequenced directly.

RESULTSTwelve aberrant elution profiles were identified with DHPLC in SRINS, SSINS and controls. Among them, 6 previously reported polymorphisms and 6 novel polymorphisms were confirmed by sequencing (198G > A, 200G > A, IVSD-16G > T, 1896C > T, 2166C > T, 2430T > C; novel, 1206C > T, 1374A > G, IVSG-68_IVSG-63delAAAAAA, 2193T > G, IVSH-9C > G, 2382C > T), and 3 groups of SNPs were in complete linkage disequilibrium, which resulted in 3 different haplotypes ([198G > A + 200G > A], [1374A > G + IVSG-68_IVSG-63delAAAAAA + IVSH-9C > G + 2382C > T], [1896C > T + 2166C > T + 2430T > C]). The last two genotypes were first reported. The genotype frequencies of the 2 novel haplotypes were 10.3% vs 1.5% in SRINS and SSINS, and 15.4% vs 7.5% in SRINS and SSINS, respectively. Other polymorphisms were relatively rare detectable both in patients and controls.

CONCLUSIONTwelve polymorphisms in the NR3C1 gene were detected with the technique of DHPLC, of which six polymorphisms were identified at the first time. Two types of newly found haplotypes were associated with steroid-resistant idiopathic nephrotic syndrome of children, which might be responsible for steroid-resistance in partial idiopathic nephrotic syndrome of children.

Adolescent ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Drug Resistance ; genetics ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Nephrotic Syndrome ; genetics ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Receptors, Glucocorticoid ; genetics