Primary non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the lung is rare among extranodal lymphomas. The most common form is low grade B-cell type originated from the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) of the lung and primary peripheral T cell lymphoma of the lung is extremely rare. We recently experienced a case of fine needle aspiration cytology of primary peripheral T cell lymphoma of the lung in a 39-year-old male patient. The cytologic smears revealed some sheets of reactive epithelial cells, epithelioid histiocytes, and numerous polymorphous population of lymphoid cells composed of small and intermediate sized lymphoid cells and mature lymphocytes. Lymphoid cells were slightly larger than normal mature lymphocytes and showed significant irregularity of nuclear membrane. The internal nuclear structure was marked by chromatin clumping, clear parachromatin areas, and inconspicuous nucleoli. Histopathologically, atypical small lymphocytes infiltrated in the interstitium and alveolar sac. By the immunohistochemical study and molecular biologic study of gene rearrangement, the T cell clonality of atypical lymphoid cells was confirmed. Key words: Peripheral T cell lymphoma, Lung, FNAC
Adolescent* ; Adult ; B-Lymphocytes ; Biopsy, Fine-Needle ; Carcinoma, Medullary ; Chromatin ; Epithelial Cells ; Gene Rearrangement ; Histiocytes ; Humans ; Lung ; Lymphocytes ; Lymphoid Tissue ; Lymphoma ; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin ; Lymphoma, T-Cell, Peripheral ; Male ; Nephrosis, Lipoid* ; Nuclear Envelope ; Thyroid Gland

The Pill Questionnaire (PillQ) has been proposed as a simple way to evaluate cognitive deficits and their impact on the daily lives of those with Parkinson’s disease (PD) by asking patients or caregivers about whether patients can independently manage their pills. We used the PillQ to investigate the association of ability to manage medication with cognition and activities of daily living (ADLs) in patients with PD. Patients were divided into two groups based on PillQ scores. The no-impact group was able to take their antiparkinsonian medication independently, and the impact group exhibited problems describing their treatment or taking their drugs independently. A total of 208 participants (93 men) were included. 111 patients (53.4%) were included in the no-impact group, and 97 (46.6%) were included in the impact group. The impact group showed significantly lower cognitive functioning, difficulties with the performance of ADLs, and severe motor dysfunction. PillQ scores were significantly correlated with Mini-Mental State Examination and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment, and Clinical Dementia Rating scores. Management of medication by PD patients is associated with cognitive function, and the PillQ is an easy and useful test for detecting cognitive impairment and its impact on daily life.

No abstract available.
Esophageal Fistula* ; Tuberculosis, Spinal*

The fashion of vascular anastomosis, end-to-end or end-to-side (E-to-S), are depended upon surgeon's preference or surgical situations. In E-to-S anastomosis two different methods of arteriotomy are applicable but it has been suggested the type, either elliptical or slit arteriotomy, play a different role in the flow hemodynamics. We thought that the difference is more considerable in microvascular surgery. This study examines the effects of elliptical versus slit arteriotomy on morphologic vessel patency. Twenty male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into two groups of ten rats each. Both carotid arteries were selected as a experimental model. During the procedures the rat brain was tolerable to ischemia and all animals were survived after operations. The morphologic analysis of anastomosis site was through resin-casting method with scanning electromicroscopic examination. The results showed notable difference between two groups in three-dimensional morphology at two-month of operation. This difference may affect the flow hemodynamics and long-term vessel patency. In microvascular anastomosis, the mortpologic difference of the elliptical arteriotomy is worse than slit arteriotomy which compromises the vessel circumference.
Animals ; Brain ; Carotid Arteries ; Hemodynamics ; Humans ; Ischemia ; Male ; Models, Theoretical ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to analyze how a nursing student recognizes PBL with simulation education and its relationship to academic achievement. METHODS: The study objects were the students in C college who learn through PBL using simulator for 15 weeks(September 2007 to December 2007). Learning element recognition was developed by Cho(2002) and three key evaluations(performance, self-evaluation, and colleague evaluation) were designed by professors. RESULTS: Learning element recognition ranged from 2.37 to 4.83 with the average at 3.94. For Learning element recognition, students who preferred discussion score 4.15. This was statistically more significant than those who do not. Students who preferred presentations show significantly higher score in colleague evaluation. For Learning element recognition and academic achievement, self-evaluation and colleague evaluation showed relationship to PBL learning element. CONCLUSION: There was definitely a relationship with PBL learning element and academic achievement after learning the PBL with simulation education.
Achievement ; Diagnostic Self Evaluation ; Humans ; Learning ; Problem-Based Learning ; Students, Nursing

The authors and their affiliation are incorrectly listed in the article. Also, the Acknowledgments section of the above article incorrectly omitted.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to analyze nursing students' learning styles and relationship of learning style to participation and academic achievement. METHOD: The study participants were nursing students in C college learning through problem based learning (PBL). Data were collected using a questionnaire which included Kolb's learning styles. Performance evaluation and paper examination were used to evaluate academic achievement. RESULTS: Most of the students had converger type learning style. Student with a tendency to abstract conceptualization, such as converger type and assimilator type, preferred discussion and presentation. The students with converger type learning style participated and achieved better than students with diverger style. CONCLUSION: The results indicate that learning style was related to participation and academic achievement. Therefore in order to use PBL effectively, facilitators should consider students' learning styles.
Achievement ; Humans ; Learning ; Problem-Based Learning ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Students, Nursing

Purpose: This study aimed to clarify and analyze the concept of a career plateau among clinical nurses. Methods: Using Walker and Avant’s concept analysis framework, 20 articles on the career plateau of clinical nurses were selected for this study. Results: The attributes of the clinical nurses’ structural career plateau were “unmet need for vertical movement” and “accepting of promotion restrictions”. The attributes of the clinical nurses’ content career plateau were “job repetition”, “involuntary job fixation”, “work lethargy”, “low expectations for nursing professional development,” and “indifference to care recipients”. The antecedent factors for the nurses’ career plateau were “lack of organizational support”, “lack of respect from the organization, bosses, and colleagues”, “personal problems arising or remaining unresolved”, “limited autonomy”, and “absence of role models”. As a consequence of the career plateau, job satisfaction, nursing competency, and nursing quality decreased, while burnout and turnover intention increased. Conclusion This study is significant in that it clarified the concept and attributes of the clinical nurses’ career plateau by reflecting the characteristics and purpose of nursing.

BACKGROUND: Activation of the c-Met pathway is involved in cancer progression and the prognosis. We aimed to identify any association of c-Met protein expression with a number of clinicopathologic variables including infection of human papillomavirus and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in head and neck carcinomas (HNCa). METHODS: Eighty-two cases were enrolled in this study. Expression of c-Met and p16 was investigated immunohistochemically. EBV was detected by in situ hybridization and amplification of the c-Met gene by fluorescence in situ hybridization. RESULTS: The c-Met protein was expressed in 41.5% (34/82), and gene amplification was found in 1.4% (1/71). High expression of c-Met was associated with the primary location of the tumor; the hypopharynx showed the highest expression, followed by the oral cavity, larynx, and nasal cavity. Squamous cell carcinoma expressed c-Met more frequently than undifferentiated carcinoma. Also, p16 immunoreactivity or EBV infection was associated with the tumor location and well-differentiated histologic type, but were not linked to c-Met expression. The patients with positive c-Met expression showed frequent lymph node metastasis. CONCLUSIONS: Activation of the c-Met pathway might be involved in a subset of HNCa. Cases showing positive c-Met expression should be carefully monitored because of the high probability of lymph node metastasis.
Carcinoma ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Epstein-Barr Virus Infections ; Fluorescence ; Gene Amplification ; Head ; Head and Neck Neoplasms ; Herpesvirus 4, Human ; Humans ; Hypopharynx ; In Situ Hybridization ; Larynx ; Lymph Nodes ; Mouth ; Nasal Cavity ; Neck ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Prognosis ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-met

A 13-month-old boy had irregularly shaped, erythematous to dusky red, slightly raised patches and plaques on the left antecubital fossa and arm for 7 months. The lesions were firm and tender. Histopathologically the lesion consisted of small, circumscribed, angiomatous tufts and lobules with a cannonball appearance scattered throughout dermis, a characteristic feature of tufted angioma. For 15 weeks, interferon-a intralesional injections have been performed and the lesions showed an improvement.
Arm ; Dermis ; Hemangioma* ; Humans ; Infant ; Injections, Intralesional ; Interferon-alpha* ; Male