Lu Dangshen, a traditional authentic medicinal material of Codonopsis Radix is mainly produced in Shangdang (Changzhi) area of Shanxi Province. Baitiao Dangshen is mainly produced in Gansu Province. Codonopsis Radix contains many kinds of components such as phenylpropanoids, polyalkynes, alkaloids, terpenes, fatty acids, flavonoids, and so on. At present, the effect of producing areas on its chemical compositions has not been systematically studied. This study analyzed the differences of metabolites among Codonopsis pilosula from different producing areas by UPLC-HRMS. PCA, OPLS-DA coupled with Thermo mzcloud online and local databases were used to compare the overall differences of metabolites among Codonopsis pilosula from different producing areas, and the chemical constituents were identified to further screen and find out the different metabolites and analyze the metabolic pathways by information retrieval in HMDB, PubChem, Chemspider and KEGG databases. The results showed that 72 differential metabolites were identified in this study. There were 15 kinds of up-regulated and 57 kinds of down-regulated metabolites of Lu Dangshen compared with Baitiao Dangshen. The top 30 metabolic pathways were analyzed by KEGG enrichment, and the most important metabolic pathways were phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, which was demonstrated that phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathway and related intermediate metabolites could be used as the characteristics of distinguishing Lu Dangshen from different habitats of Codonopsis pilosula. The present study provided a basis for analyzing the influence of producing areas on the chemical components of Codonopsis pilosula and reasonably evaluating the quality of Codonopsis Radix, and also provided a new idea for expounding the authenticity of Lu Dangshen.

Objective To establish a method of quantiying trace α-galactosidase from Bacteroides fragilis in enzymatic conversion of blood group B to O red blood cells ( B-ECO RBCs) .Methods BALB/c mice were immunized with purified recombinant B.fragilisα-galactosidase ( the purity>90%) to prepare monoclonal antibodies.The ascites were prepared using hybridoma cell lines stably secreting antibody and purified by HiTrap rProtein A column.The antibody titer and spe-cificity were detected by ELISA and Western blotting, respectively.Purified monoclonal antibody and rabbit polyclonal an-tibody were applied to detect residual enzyme in B-ECO RBCs and the washing solution was analyzed by indirect ELISA. Results A high titer and purity antibody was obtained.Western blotting showed that the antibody specifically reacted with B.fragilisα-galactosidase.Moreover, indirect ELISA was sensitive enough to detect the minimal amount of residualα-gal-actosidase at the concentration of 1 ng/ml.After four repeat washing cycles with 1∶4 ( v/v) phosphate-buffered saline, the amount of residual enzyme in B-ECO RBCs was less than 10 ng/ml.Conclusion An effective method of detecting the min-imal amount of residual α-galactosidase in blood conversion is established for safety evaluation of universal RBCs prepara-tion by enzymatic treatment.

Objective To reduce immunogenicity of porcine skin by removingα-Gal epitopes expressed in cell surface and extracellular matrix using recombinant α-galactosidase produced by Bacteroides fragilis.Methods The porcine skin was harvested from healthy 2-month-old pigs without any skin disorders before being sterilized by iodine and 75%alcohol, respectively.Enzymatic removal of α-Gal antigen was followed by washing with PBS.The α-Gal antigen in the prepared porcine skin was measured with immunofluorostaining of cryosections and the residual enzyme was measured with a double-antibody sandwich ELISA method.Enzymatic removal procedures were optimized by detecting residual enzyme and the effi-cacy ofα-Gal removal under different enzymatic and washing conditions.Results Efficient enzymatic and washing methods were established to removeα-Gal antigen.Theα-Gal removal efficacy was above 90% and residual enzyme was undetect-able (αprescribed minimum ofα-galactosidase detection with indirect ELISA was 1 ng/ml) .Conclusion It is feasible to efficiently removeα-Gal antigen under these enzymatic and washing conditions, and a method of producing low-immunoge-nicity pig skin dressing for burn is established.

Background Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) polymorphisms are demonstrated to be significantly associated with the susceptibility to uveitis in recent years,while a consistent conclusion for the association of MCP-1-2518A/G polymorphism and uveitis risk is not reached yet.Objective This study was to comprehensively investigate the correlation between MCP-1-2518A/G polymorphism and uveitis susceptibility.Methods General searches of electronic database including PubMed,Embase,Web of Science,CNKI,VIP,Wanfang database and China biomedical literature database (CBD) were performed to retrieve published case-control studies regarding the association between MCP-1-2518A/G polymorphism and uveitis risk.The data were screened according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria and extracted,and the quality of included studies was evaluated.The pooled odds ratios (OR) with 95％ confidence intervals (CI) were calculated.Publication bias and sensitivity analysis were also assessed.All statistical analyses were conducted with RevMan 5.2 and Stata 12.0 software.Results A total of 8 eligible case-control studies involving 1 197 cases and 1 570 controls were included in the Meta-analysis.The results showed no significant association of MCP-1-2518A/G polymorphism with uveitis susceptibility in the G vs.A,GG vs.AA and GG vs.AG+AA models (all at P＞0.05).MCP-1-2518A/G polymorphism was found to be significantly associated with uveitis risk in the GG+AG vs.AA model (P =0.01,OR =1.25,95％ CI:1.06-1.48),while no significant association was found by the sensitive analysis (GG + AG vs.AA:P =0.19,OR =1.16,95％ CI:0.93-1.45).The subgroup analysis by uveitis types revealed that the individuals carrying allele-G or GG genotype harbored a significantly increased risk for anterior uveitis (G vs.A:P=0.01,OR=1.49,95％ CI:1.16-1.90;GG vs.AA:P=0.01,OR=2.09,95％ CI:1.21-3.61;GG+AG vs.AA:P=0.01,OR=1.58,95％ CI:1.12-2.23;GG vs.AG+AA:P=0.01,OR=1.78,95％ CI:1.12-2.83).The individuals with GG+AG vs.AA genotype harbored a significantly increased risk for Behcet's disease (BD) (P=0.04,OR =1.35,95％ CI:1.01-1.79) but not for other types of uveitis (P ＞ 0.05).Additionally,a significantly elevated risk was found in uveitis patients with allele-G or GG genotype in Asian population in the subgroup analysis based on ethnicity (G vs.A:P =0.04,OR =1.15,95％ CI:1.01-1.32;GG vs.AA:P=0.04,OR=1.32,95％ CI:1.02-1.71;GG+AG vs.AA:P=0.01,OR =1.36,95％ CI:1.09-1.70),but that was not found in Caucasians population (all at P＞0.05).Conclusions MCP-1-2518A/G polymorphism is significantly associated with the risk of uveitis in Asian population,anterior uveitis and BD.The allele-G or GG genotype may increase the risk of uveitis in Asian population,anterior uveitis and BD.

Objective:To analyze the relationship between hepatitis B virus(HBV)gene mutation at 1896 in precore region with genotype and replication of HBV and the liver function of patients.Methods:HBV precore 1896 site mutation,the genotype of HBV and serum content of HBV DNA were determined by PCR in 60 patients positive of HBV DNA.Chemiluminescence miacropaticle immunoassay(CMIA)was used for detection of serum HBeAg and HBeAb.Liver function parameters were ob- tained by routine biochemistry method.Results:The alanine aminotransferase(ALT)level in HBV with 1896 site mutation was significantly higher than that in the wildtype virus.Site mutation at 1896 had no correlation with HBeAg,HBV genotype and HBV DNA content.HBV DNA content in patient with genotype C was significantly higher than that with genotype B(P

Objective To discuss the cause and management of delayed hemorrhage after minimally invasive percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL). Methods From 2004 to 2009,there were 13 cases (10 men and 3 women, mean age 47 years) developed severe bleeding following PCNL. The cause of hemorrhage and treatments were retrospectively analyzed and summarized. Results The time of hemorrhage was 5-40 d. In 7 of 13 cases, the bleeding were was controlled by complete bed rest,hemostatic,balloon compression and clamped nephrostomy tube. Six of 13 underwent selective renal arteriography after ineffective with conservative treatment. The DSA showed 4 were false aneurysm and 2 were arteriovenous fistula. All the 6 cases were treated by the super-selective arteriolar embolization. The hematuria was disappeared 1- 3 d later. The intravenous pyelogram revealed the renal function kept well during follow-up visit. Conclusions Delayed hemorrhage is one of the severe complications, which may be caused when the renal puncture passage established as forming false aneurysm and arteriovenous fistula. The renal arteriography and super-selective arteriolar embolization could be a safe and effective treatment for the severe hemorrhage after PCNL.

ObjectivesTo identify the related abnormalities of gray matter in pediatric patients with Tourette syndrome (TS) by using the optimized voxel-based morphometry (VBM).Methods Three dimensional T1WI was acquired in 31 TS children (28 boys,3 girts,mean age 8 years,range 4-15 years) and 50 age- and sex-matched controls on a 1.5 Tesla Philips scanner. Images were pre-processed and analyzed using a version of VBM 2 in SPM 2.The whole brain gray matter volume was compared between the study and control group by using t-test.Multivariate linear regression analysis was used for analyzing the correlation between the change of grey matter volume within each brain region (mm3 ) and YGTSS score and course of disease of TS patients.Statistical analyses were performed by using SPSS 13.0.ResultsUsing VBM,significant increases in gray matter volumes in left superior parietal lobule, right cerebellar hemisphere and left parahippocampal gyrus were detected in TS patients,and the volume changes were 4059,2126 and 84 mm3 ( t =3.93,3.71,3.58,P ＜ 0.05 ) respectively.Compared to the control group,decreased grey matter volumes were found in medulla and left pons,and the volume changes were 213 and 117 mm3( t =3.53,3.48,P ＜ 0.05 )respectively.Tic severity was not correlated with any volume changes of gray matter in brain (P ＞ 0.05,a small volume correction,KE ≥ 10 voxel).Tic course was negatively correlated with the gray matter volume of left parahippocampal gyrus ( Beta =- 0.391,P =0.039 ).ConclusionsUsing VBM technique,the gray matter abnormalities can be revealed in TS patients without obvious lesions on conventional MR imaging.The increasing volume of temporal and parietal lobes and cerebellar may be an adaptive anatomical change in response to experiential demand. The gray matter volume of the parahippocampal gyrus may be used as one potential objective index for evaluating the prognosis of TS.

OBJECTIVETo observe changes in the concentrations of MIP-1alpha and TNF-alpha and their influence on sperm in the seminal plasma of infertile males.

METHODSWe measured the concentrations of MIP-1alpha and TNF-alpha in the seminal plasma of 110 infertile patients and 30 normal fertile men by ELISA and radioimmunoassay, and compared them with sperm concentration, sperm viability, sperm motility, leukocytospermia and serum anti-sperm antibodies (AsAb).

RESULTSThe infertility group, particularly the oligospermia cases, showed significantly higher concentrations of MIP-1alpha and TNF-alpha in the seminal plasma ([179.45 +/- 24.54] pg/ml and [4.66 +/- 2.01] ng/ml) than the normal fertile men ([89.64 +/- 13.27] pg/ml and [2.90 +/- 1.23] ng/ml) (P < 0.01). In comparison, the concentrations of MIP-1alpha and TNF-alpha were (196.04 +/- 23.54) pg/ml and (5.31 +/- 2.47) ng/ml versus (154.22 +/- 26.38) pg/ml and (3.94 +/- 2.09) ng/ml in the poor and normal sperm viability groups (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01), (210.39 +/- 21.43) pg/ml and (5.14 +/- 2.61) ng/ml versus (139.87 +/- 27.62) pg/ml and (4.11 +/- 2.26) ng/ml in the low and normal sperm motility groups (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01), (203.14 +/- 24.65) pg/ml and (5.28 +/- 2.66) ng/ml versus (155.76 +/- 21.42) pg/ml and (4.04 +/- 2.24) ng/ml in the leukocytospermia and non-leukocytospermia groups (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01), and (234.05 +/- 27.60) pg/ml and (5.63 +/- 2.31) ng/ml versus (124.85 +/- 23.56) pg/ml and (3.69 +/- 2.15) ng/ml in the serum AsAb positive and negative groups (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01), most significantly increased in the serum AsAb positive group.

CONCLUSIONThe concentrations of MIP-1alpha and TNF-alpha in the seminal plasma are closely related with sperm count and function, and their detection helps to assess the severity of male infertility and improve its clinical treatment.

Adult ; Case-Control Studies ; Chemokine CCL3 ; analysis ; Humans ; Infertility, Male ; blood ; physiopathology ; Male ; Semen ; chemistry ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; analysis

OBJECTIVETo study the clinical effects of the Chinese drug Yimusake, used alone or in combination with trazodone hydrochloride, on primary premature ejaculation (PE).

METHODSSixty-eight primary PE patients were randomized to a control (n=32) and an experimental group (n=36), the former treated with Yimusake 1 tablet (50 mg) pre day, and the latter with 1 tablet of trazodone hydrochloride (50 mg) pre day in addition, both given orally after supper and for 4 weeks, followed by observation of the therapeutic effects.

RESULTSEighteen cases (56.25%) responded in the control and 25 (69.44% ) in the experimental group, with statistically significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONYimusake combined with trazodone hydrochloride is highly efficacious for primary PE.

Adult ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Integrative Medicine ; Male ; Phytotherapy ; Premature Ejaculation ; drug therapy ; Trazodone ; therapeutic use ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult

BACKGROUNDGastroesophageal reflux disease with extra-esophageal symptoms, especially those with respiratory distress was attracting more and more attention. The related mechanisms were still in controversy. The purpose of the work was to explore airway inflammation triggered by gastroesophageal reflux.

METHODSSixteen Sprague-Dawley rats were used as study group and 9 as control. In the study group, a plastic extender with a trumpet-shaped distal end was inserted into the lower esophagus to dilate the cardia, the pylorus was ligated. One ml of 0.1 mol/L hydrochloric acid was injected into the stomach. While a simple laparotomy was performed for control animals. All animals from two groups were sacrificed 24 hours after operation. Then tracheotomy was carried and the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was collected in all animals. Cells in the fluid were counted and levels of interleukin (IL)-5, -6, -8 in it were measured.

RESULTSCompared with control group, the study group presented a neutrophil pattern of airway inflammation and an elevated concentration of IL-5, -6, -8 with no significant difference regarding eosinophil count.

CONCLUSIONThe gastroesophageal reflux-triggered airway inflammation is characterized by a neutrophilic airway inflammation which differed from that caused by asthma, and enhanced levels of IL-5, -6 and -8, which are similar to that caused by asthma.

Animals ; Asthma ; etiology ; Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid ; immunology ; Disease Models, Animal ; Female ; Gastroesophageal Reflux ; complications ; Inflammation ; etiology ; Interleukin-5 ; analysis ; Interleukin-6 ; analysis ; Interleukin-8 ; analysis ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley