Objective To study the hip angle characteristics in hemiplegic gait.Methods Gait analysis was performed in 20 subjects with hemiplegia and 20 healthy subjects and the hip joint angle of all subjects was analyzed.Results The hip joint angle of affected-side lower limb of hemiplegic gait showed significant differences between 20 subjects with hemiplegia and 20 healthy subjects on hip flextion at heel-contact,maximum extension in stand phase,flextion toe-off,maximum flexion in swing phase and total excursion on sagittal plane.Conclusion The research on the characteristics of hemiplegic gait is helpful to make clinical assessment and treatment planning.

ObjectiveTo study the reliability and sensitivity of the gait analysis system based on digital video and image processing.Methods20 healthy subjects were assessed twice by the same doctor having one-week interval to investigate intraobserver reliability, they were also assessed twice separately by two doctors to investigate interobserver reliability. Gait parameters of affected limb of 20 hemiplegic patients were compared with 20 healthy subjects to investigate the sensitivity of this system.ResultsThere were high correlations in all the parameters between the two assessments. The parameters of the patients were significantly different from those of the controls.ConclusionThe system is sufficiently repeatable and sensitive in the assessment of gait.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the relationship between hormone sensitive lipase (HSL) gene polymorphism and aerobic endurance.

METHODSThe (CA)n repeats polymorphism genotypes in HSL intro 6 of 123 outstanding long distance runners and 127 controls of Han nationality in northern China were analyzed by PCR and Fluorescence labeled STR-genescan. Repeat polymorphisms were grouped according to segmentation point and alleles were divided into long or short chains. Chi-square test was used to analyze the frequency difference of allelic and genotypic between athlete and control groups.

RESULTS(CA) n repeats polymorphism in HSL gene was total of 9 different repeat number of alleles, which composed of 25 different genotypes. The chi-square test result showed that when compared short and long chain alleles split by 4, there was a significant difference (P <0.05) of genotype distribution in 5/10 km group compared with control. Compared the rest groups with control, there was no significant difference.

CONCLUSIONCompared short and long chain alleles split by 4, the LL genotype of (CA)n of HSL was associated with aerobic endurance and it might be a molecular marker of elite 5/10 km long distance runners.

Alleles ; China ; Ethnic Groups ; Genotype ; Humans ; Physical Endurance ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Sterol Esterase ; genetics

To study the MEN1 gene mutations in a multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 ( MEN 1 ) family,and determine the possible mechanism of disease induced by the mutations.Genomic DNA was isolated from peripheral blood leukocytes and the MEN1-related tumor tissues of the patient and the family members,then the coding exons and exon/intron boundaries of the MEN1 gene were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequenced.Subclone sequencing was performed to identify the heterozygosity.Further immunohistochemistry was performed to observe menin protein expression in the tumor tissues.We identified a heterozygous deletion mutation of intron 9 ( IVS9+ 1_11 delGTGAGGGACAG) in the proband and two family menbers.We also demonstrated for the first time that the expression of menin protein is absent in the parathyroid adenoma tissue.The heterozygous mutation in the initial of intron 9,IVS9+ 1_11 delGTGAGGGACAG is a new type of MEN1 gene mutations in China.This mutation may produce an aberrant splicing of MEN1 mRNA,generating easily degradation and loss of expression of menin protein and resulting eventually in the disease.

Objective:To investigate the correlation between the breast cancer MRI schedule of reinforcement and the shrinkage pattern of tumor after neo-adjuvant chemotherapy, and its clinical significance in the guidance of formulating operation plan. Methods:Dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI scan was performed before chemotherapy and before surgery after a whole-range N-Acety-L-Cysteine (NAC) treatment in 55 patients with loco-regionally advanced breast cancer who received the neo-adjuvant chemotherapy. MRI sched-ule of reinforcement and the shrinkage pattern of tumor after neo-adjuvant chemotherapy were obtained in the treatment, and the corre-lation between the two was analyzed. Results:Of the 55 patients, the unilateral breast mass was found in 54 and the bilateral lesion in 1. There were 56 neo-plastic foci in these patients. The mass-like enhanced image was seen in 24 of the total cases (43%), of which 23 presented with a centripetal shrinkage, 1 with an annular decline, (P<0.01). Multifocal mass-like enhancement image was found in 13 of the total cases, (23%), of which 2 centripetal shrinkages were the singular mass, 11 remained a multifocal lesion after the tumor shrinkage (P<0.01). The mass with peripheral non-tumor-like enhancement image was seen in 8 of the total cases (14%), of which 4 showed a centripetal shrinkage and another 4 a honeycombed multifocal decline (P>0.05). There were 11 of the total cases with non-tu-mor-like enhancement (20%), in which 4 assumed a centripetal shrinkage and 7 a honeycombed multifocal shrinkage (P<0.01). Conclu-sion:The tumor shrinking pattern and its accurate radiological image evaluation are the keys to the selection of breast-conserving sur-gery and the control of local recurrence after treatment of NAC regimen. We can predict the shrinking pattern through the type of the le-sion on baseline before NAC, which is important for the patients and surgeon to get a reasonable expectation in the subsequent treat-ments.

Objective To summarize our results and experience in dealing with the postoperative intrathoracic gastro-air-way fistulae after esophagectomy for esophageal carcinoma.Methods From January 2010 through February 2012,1490 patients with esophageal carcinoma underwent esophagectomy in our department.The postoperative intrathoracic gastro-airway fistulae were documented in 10 patients,with a frequency of 0.67％.Five of them died.The possible etiology,clinical characters,treatment and prevention of this complication were reviewed.Results The location of the fistulate were 7 at left main bronchus,1 at right main bronchus,and 2 at distal trachea.After 2-3 weeks conservative treatment,1 patient underwent primary surgical repair and cured,1 refused any further intervention and sacrified,8 patients underwent endoscopic insertion of covered stent and only 3 healed.For the remaining 5 cases with failed stent therapy,2 died of severe aspiration and lung infection,3 had surgical repair,one of them successed and 2 died of aspiration and aortic rupture,respecively.Conclusion The development of intrathoracic gastro-airway fistulae was associated with the iatrogenic injuries and suturing material irritation of the gastric tube to the tracheal/bronchial wall.Therefore,a meticulous closure and wapping of gastroplasty and appropriate isolation using artifical patch or great omentum between airway and esophageal substitution could effectively reduce the fistulae.The stent therapy usually fails in treating this entity and surgical repair remains the final and ratical therapeutic option.Primary repaire is suggested and careful preoperative assessment is crucial.

Objective To investigate the prevalence of latent tuberculosis infection(LTBI),and to identify the risk factors in primary schoolchildren from Shanghai through the population-based field investigation combined with the tuberculosis infection enzyme-linked immunospot assay(T-SPOT.TB)assay.Methods The children in grade 4 and 5 were enrolled from four primary schools in Pudong new district and Yangpu district of Shanghai.Questionnaire interview was applied to investigate the soeiodemographic and clinical information related to LTBI.The T-SPOT.TB assay was used to detect LTBI in the enrolled subjects.Univaitate and multivariate analyses were used to identify the risk factors associated with LTBI among the primary schoolchildren.Results Totally 472 schoolchildren were enrolled in the present study,with 439(93.0%)being vaccinated with bacillus calmette-guerin (BCG) and ten (2.1%) having contact history with tuberculosis (TB) patients.Among the 472 eligible subjects,16(3.4%) children were T-SPOT.TB positive,who had no clinical symptoms andsigns relevant to TB and were defined as LTBI.The LTBI prevalence in BCG vaccinated and unvaccinated children were 2.7% and 12.1%,respectively (OR:6.972;95%CI:1.834-26.500);those in TB contacts and children without TB contact history were 30.0% and 2.8%, respectively (OR: 16. 38; 95% CI: 3. 692-72. 700). Conclusions The prevalence of LTBI among senior schoolchildren in Shanghai is 3.4%. BCG vaccination is protective for children from LTBI, while daily contacts with TB patients increases the risk of LTBI in schoolchildren.

Objective To investigate the clinical value of transesophageal echocardiography during the lung transplanta tion. Methods From August 2005 to August 2009, 19 patients with advanced lung diseases received lung transplantation.The average age was(48.35±13.04) years. The echocardiographic probe was placed in patient's esophagus before surgery.The left and right pulmonary venous openings, artery blood flow velocity, right ventricular wall motion, left and right ventricular volume, right ventricular ejection fraction were recorded at different time intervals during lung transplantation, especially at the break and after completion of bronchus, pulmonary veins, and pulmonary artery anastomosis. Results The procedure included sequential-type lung transplantation in 6 cases and single lung transplantation in 13. The blood flow disappeared when blocking pulmonary artery and vein and right ventricular volume increased slightly. The right ventricular volume restored after completion of trachea, pulmonary veins, pulmonary artery anastomosis. TEE detected that the blood flow velocity of pulmonary veins, pulmonay artery anastomosis increased slightly. In 1 case the opening of the right pulmonsry artery blood flow velocity increased significantly and blood flow velocity decresed and blood oxygen partial pressure resumed after re-anastomosis of pulmonary artery. Conclusion TEE play an important role in monitoring pulmonary artery and vein anastomosis diameter and blood flow velocity and right ventricular function and predicting complications during lung transplantation.

Objective: To investigate the influencing factors for myopia among primary and secondary school students in Suzhou, so as to provide basis for myopia prevention and control. Methods: The students in Grade 4-12 were recruited by stratified cluster random sampling method. Gender, grade, parents＇ myopia history, outdoor activity time and video display terminal time were collected through the questionnaire of National Surveillance Program of Influencing Factors for Common Diseases and Health in Students. Uncorrected visual acuity and cycloplegic refraction were tested. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to explore myopia-related factors. Results: A total of 990 questionnaires were distributed, and 882 valid questionnaires were recovered, with an effective rate of 89.09%. The prevalence rate of myopia was 78.23% ( 690 cases ). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that females ( OR=1.703, 95%CI: 1.173-2.474 ) , middle school students ( OR:5.597-11.949, 95%CI: 3.573-28.349 ) , both parents＇myopia ( OR=2.445, 95%CI: 1.597-3.742 ) , video display terminal time over 3 hours per day ( OR=2.026, 95%CI: 1.235-3.325 ) were risk factors for myopia; outdoor activity time over 2 hours per day ( OR: 0.493-0.510, 95%CI: 0.273-0.943 ) was a protective factor for myopia. Conclusion The prevalence of myopia among primary and secondary school students in Suzhou is 78.23%. Gender, grade, parents＇ myopia history, outdoor activity time and video display terminal time are influencing factors for myopia.

Objective To explore the non-bacteria etiology of pneumonia in children under 12 years old in southwest Shanghai,and investigate clinical characteristic of pneumonia caused by different pathogens.Methods The serum of 187 children with pneumonia from July 2002 to December 2004 in hospital were investigated for respiratory syncytial virus(RSV),adenovirus 3 influenza viruses(IFV) A and B,parainfluenza viruses(PIV)type 1,2,3,4 and coxsackievirus A 1.7,echovirus 7 by employing the indirect immunofluorescence assay(IFA)for the identification of nearly 8 different viruses,and 3 different enteroviruses.Based on the principle that sensitized particles were agglutinated by the pressence of antibodies to mycoplasma pneumonia in human serum.Results Examination for 8 kinds of conventional respiratory virus infected,a total of 90 positive results in 187 cases(48.13%),Firstly was RSV(19.79%),(secondly) was IFV B(16.58%).Out of these 1084 children,154 cases(14.21%)showed positive in anti-mycoplasma pneumonia.Conclusions RSV is still the leading cause of pneumonia in children during winter and spring in southwest in Shanghai.Mycoplasma pneumonia is having been the major pathogens of the school-aged children with pneumonia.