Objective To explore the possible effect of Nogo-A receptor antagonist NEP1-40 on neurite outgrowth in neonatal rats with hypoxic-ischemic brain damage(HIBD).Methods Sixty-four healthy Wistar rats were randomly divided into 8 groups at 2 different time points(6 h,24 h):control group,HIBD group,NEP1-40 group and ganglioside group(GM-1 group).Rats of control group and HIBD group were injected with saline(0.25 mL/kg)by intraperitoneal injection,while rats of NEP1-40 group and GM-1 group were administrated with 10 mg/(kg?d) NEP1-40 and 20 mg/(kg?d) GM-1 on request in each group,respectively.Immunohistochemical staining was adopted to detect the Nogo-A-positive cells,and ultrastructural changes of neuron and axon were observed by transmission electron microscopy.SPSS 13.0 statistical software was used to run One-Way ANOVA tests on the data presented.Results The Nogo-A-positive cells at 2 time points in rats of HIBD group were significantly higher than those of control group(t=7.63,15.13 Pa0.05),while the Nogo-A-positive cells in GM-1 group at 24 h was lower than that of HIBD group(t=4.25 P

Objective To explore the changes of the plasma motilin(MTL)and serum gastrin(GAS)levels and their relationship with course of disease,the severity,the complication of digestive system in neonates with intracranial haemorrhage(ICH).Methods The objects were 26 cases of term newborns with ICH,the healthy control group contained 30 cases of healthy term newborns.Plasma motilin and serum gastrin concentration were measured by radioimmmunoassay in 26 cases of newborns with ICH in the 2 d,3-5 d,7-10 d,and 12-15 d after birth,and compared with the healthy control group.Results Compared with healthy control group,the blood GAS and MTL levels of neonatal ICH group increased dramatically(Pa

In this study, the rat type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) model was established through tail vein injection with low dose of streptozotocin (STZ) and high fat diet for 8 weeks, and then treated with Jiaotai Pill. The oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), fasting serum insulin (FINS), free fatty acid(FFA) levels and blood lipid were assayed. HOMA-IR was calculated. Pancreatic pathology was performed. And pancreatic triglyceride (TG) content was examined by the lipid extraction method. Pancreatic islet cell apoptosis were detected by terminal dexynucleotidyl transferase (TdT)-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL). According to the results, the model group showed abnormal OGTT, increased FINS, HOMA-IR, FFA, lipid disorder, obvious fat accumulation and significantly increased TG content in pancreatic tissues, and enhanced pancreatic islet cell apoptosis. Compared with the model group, the Jiaotai Pill group displayed improved OGTT, reduced FINS, HOMA-IR, FFA, recovered lipid disorder, decreased fat accumulation and significantly declined TG content in pancreatic tissues, and lowered pancreatic islet cell apoptosis. In summary, Jiaotai pill could effectively treat type 2 diabetes in rats. Its mechanism may be related to the reduction in pancreatic fat accumulation and islet cell apoptosis.
Animals ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; physiopathology ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; Fats ; metabolism ; Glucose Tolerance Test ; Humans ; Islets of Langerhans ; cytology ; drug effects ; Male ; Pancreas ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar

Chrysanthemum coronarium is an economically important plant in Asia, and used medicinally, ornamentally and as a vegetable. In April 2017, leaf spot disease on C. coronarium was observed in Shiyan, Hubei, China. A single-spore isolate was obtained and identified based on morphology and sequence analysis using four regions (rDNA ITS, GAPDH, EF-1α, and RPB2). The results indicated that the fungus is Alternaria argyranthemi. The pathogenicity tests revealed that the species could cause severe leaf spot and blight disease on the host. This is the first report of leaf spot disease on C. coronarium caused by A. argyranthemi in the world, which is also a new record of Alternaria species in China.
Alternaria* ; Asia ; Asteraceae ; China* ; Chrysanthemum* ; Fungi ; Plants ; Sequence Analysis ; Vegetables ; Virulence

Eleven flavonol glycosides were isolated from the ethanol extract of Lysimachia clethroides by a combination of various chromatographic techniques including column chromatography over silica gel, Sephadex LH-20, and reversed-phase HPLC. Their structures were identified as astragalin (1), isoquercitrin (2), isorhamnetin-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (3), quercetin-3-O-β-D-6"-acetylglucopyranoside (4), quercetin-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (5), prunin (6), 2-hydroxynaringin-5-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (7), kaempferol-3-O-rutinonoside (8), kaempferol-3-O-robinobioside (9), rutin (10) and kaempferol-3,7-di-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (11). Among them, compounds 4, 7 and 11 were obtained from the Lysimachia genus for the first time, while compounds 3, 5 and 9 were firstly reported from this plant. In the preliminary assays, compounds 2, 6 and 8 possessed significant inhibition against aldose reduc- tase, with IC50 values of 2.69, 1.00, 1.80 μmol · L(-1), respectively; none of compounds 1-11 exhibited obvious cytotoxic activity (IC50 > 10 μmol · L(-1)).
Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Flavonols ; chemistry ; Glycosides ; chemistry ; Molecular Structure ; Primulaceae ; chemistry ; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization

OBJECTIVETo study the solubility peak and dielectric requirement of the Buyang Huanwu docoction materials, and provide theoretical and experimental foundation for selecting extraction solvent for extracting traditional Chinese drugs (TCD).

METHOD11 types of solvents were employed as single or complex solvent systems, whose solubility parameter and dielectric constant were from 14.11 to 47.86, dielectric requirement from 1 to 80 respectively, to lixiviate Buyang Huanwu decoction (5 g per samples) in nearly saturate volume as V0 for materials at 25 degrees C. The apparent solubilities of extracts were determined and calculated out according to the section of determination of extract in the appendix of 'Chinese Pharmacopoeia'.

RESULTThe saturate solvent V0 for materials powder were 0.21, 0.31, 0.49, 0.36, 0.77, 0.93, 0.86, 0.92, 1.08, 1.00, 1.14 mL x g(-1), respectively. The apparent solubility of Buyang Huanwu docoction for each solvent system were 114.0, 101.3, 73.40, 109.4, 210.7, 295.0, 501.4, 437.0, 355.6, 423.1, 210.6 g x mL(-1), respectively, among which the max apparent solubility, illustrated as solubility peak, was carried out by methanol-water (68: 32) with 47.5 corresponding to the Buyang Huanwu docoction dielectric requirement.

CONCLUSIONThe apparent solubilities of (TCD) and their formula are controlled by dielectric constant of extraction solvent, and are in accordance with stable dielectric requirement.

Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Solubility ; Solvents ; chemistry

Objective To investigate the glucose tolerance and ability of insulin secretion in SD rats in second and third trimesters of pregnancy. Methods SD rats with pregnancy of 15 d were selected as experimental group(n=6),and another 6 rats of the same batch without pregnancy were served as controls(n=6).Intraperitoneal glucose tolerance trials(IPGTT) were conducted in these two groups.Rat islets were isolated after in situ collagenase digestion through pancreatic duct perfusion,islet morphology was observed by inverted phase contrast microscope,and insulin secretion was determined by radioimmunoassay. Results It was revealed by IPGTT that the levels of glucose at 30,60,90 and 120 min were significantly lower in experimental group than those in control group(P

Objective： This stduy was designed to investigate the molecular mechanism of cell proliferation inhibited by tea polyphenols in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell line CNE-LMP1. Method： Light microscope, MTT assay, flow cytometry, Western blot,and reporter gene analysis were applied to investigate the effects of tea polyphenols and(-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) on the cell cycle and related molecular mechanisms. Result： After treatment of CNE-LMP1 cells with tea polyphenols(200 μ g/ml), the number of proliferating cells was obviously decreased as determined by light microscopy, and the survival rate of cells decreased from 100％ to 38.1％ as determined by MTT assay. With the increase of tea polyphenols concentrations, the number of cells in S-phase was obviously decreased from 22.20％ to 13.16％ (200 μ g/ml), and the number of cells in Phase G1 were elevated from 68.50％ to 74.08％ . It suggested that tea polyphenols could arrest the cell cycle at G1/S checkpoint. The transcription and the expression of cyclin D1 were obviously declined 4-5 fold. Furthermore, after treatment with tea polyphenols, transactivities of NFκ B and AP-1 was obviously down-regulated in CNE-LMP1 cells for 5-6 and 7-8 fold, respectively. Conclusion： Tea polyphenols could arrest cell cycle and inhibit cells proliferation of nasopharyngeal carcinoma, and down-regulation of the gene transcription and expression of cyclin D1 might also be involved in these events.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects of inhaled short-acting bronchodilators on diaphragm function and neural respiratory drive in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) during maximal isocapnic ventilation (MIV).

METHODSForty-seven patient with moderate to severe COPD were randomized into 4 groups: placebo group (n=12), salbutamol group (n=13), ipratropium group (n=10), and combined group (salbutamol and ipratropium, n=12). Each subject received an initial MIV for 3 min at baseline and inhaled placebo (400 µg), salbutamol (400 µg), ipratropium (80 µg), or both salbutamol and ipratropium, followed 30 min later by another 3 min of MIV. The parameters of diaphragm function and neural respiratory drive were monitored continuously and calculated during MIV.

RESULTSDuring the initial MIV, all the patients experienced a linear increase in root mean square (RMS) of diaphragm electromyogram with a gradual decrease in transdiaphragmatic pressure (Pdi), minute ventilation (VE), and VE/RMS, and these parameters all improved significantly after inhalation of the bronchodilators. Compared with the placebo group at the same time point, the 3 bronchodilator-treated groups showed significantly decreased RMS and Borg score and increased Pdi, VE and VE/RMS; VE/RMS was the highest in the combined treatment group (P<0.05). The Delta Borg was significantly correlated with Delta Pdi, Delta VE, Delta RMS, and Delta VE/RMS (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONSIn COPD patients, inhaled short-acting bronchodilators can alleviate diaphragm fatigue during MIV, increase lung ventilation, reduce neural respiratory drive, and improve neuro-ventilatory coupling to relieve dyspnoea, and the combination of β-2 agonists and anti-muscarinic antagonists produces a stronger efficacy.

Administration, Inhalation ; Albuterol ; therapeutic use ; Bronchodilator Agents ; therapeutic use ; Diaphragm ; drug effects ; Humans ; Ipratropium ; therapeutic use ; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive ; drug therapy ; Respiration

d by AGE-BSA may be mediated via the activation of PKC signal transduction pathway.