Antibodies ; analysis ; Biopsy ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Disease Progression ; Drug Resistance ; Female ; Fluorescent Antibody Technique ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin A ; analysis ; Kidney Glomerulus ; immunology ; pathology ; Male ; Nephrosis ; drug therapy ; pathology ; Prognosis ; Steroids ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use

A novel drug delivery system combining oral fast dissolving film with sodium deoxycholate/phospholipid mixed micelles was prepared to increase the absorption of cucurbitacin B that is a poor aqueous solubility substance. Encapsulation efficiency, particle size, zeta potential, polydispersity coefficient, investigated the morphology, disintegration time of oral fast dissolving film and the pharmacodynamic properties of cucurbitacin B sodium deoxycholate/phospholipid-mixed micelles before and after solidified in mice were evaluated and compared. The oral fast dissolving film prepared in this study showed a homogeneous pale yellow and could completely disintegrated in the 30 s. It could meet the requirements of rapidly disintegrating fully. The encapsulation efficiency, particle size, zeta potential, polydispersity coefficient of cucurbitacin B sodium deoxycholate/phospholipid-mixed micelles loaded in oral fast dissolving film were (43.36 +/- 2.12)%, (108.82 +/- 5.2) nm, (-34.18 +/- 1.07) mV, 0.088 +/- 0.012, respectively. The encapsulation efficiency, particle size, zeta potential, polydispersity coefficient of cucurbitacin B sodium deoxycholate/phospholipid-mixed micelles in solution were (41.26 +/- 2.22)%, (181.82 +/- 4.48) nm, (-30.67 +/- 0.81) mV, 0.092 +/- 0.012, respectively. The difference of pharmacodynamics among film of cucurbitacin B-loaded micelles, cucurbitacin B-loaded micelles and free cucurbitacin B in vivo was compared. Solubility of cucurbitacin B loaded in sodium deoxycholate/phospholipid-mixed micelles has also been greatly improved. The tumor inhibition rate of cucurbitacin B loaded in sodium deoxycholate/phospholipid-mixed micelles was significantly improved and did not change significantly before and after solidified. These showed that the sodium deoxycholate/phospholipid-mixed micelles could enhance the antitumor activities of cucurbitacin B and the stability of cucurbitacin B sodium deoxycholate/phospholipid-mixed micelles was improved significantly after solidified by oral fast dissolving film technology without pharmacodynamic properties changed significantly.
Animals ; Antineoplastic Agents ; administration & dosage ; chemistry ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Deoxycholic Acid ; chemistry ; Drug Carriers ; chemistry ; Humans ; Male ; Mice ; Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; Phospholipids ; chemistry ; Solubility ; Triterpenes ; administration & dosage ; chemistry

China ; epidemiology ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Female ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Infusions, Intravenous ; statistics & numerical data ; Male

BACKGROUNDCerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) is a special form of stroke with multiple causes and risk factors. However, there are still a portion of cases with unknown reasons. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between internal jugular vein (IJV) abnormalities and the development of CVST.

METHODSA total of 51 CVST patients and 30 healthy controls were enrolled. The diameter, the maximum velocity (Vmax) and the reflux time in bilateral IJVs were measured by color Doppler flow imaging (CDFI). The paired t test was used to compare the numeric values between the bilateral IJVs. The Pearson chi-square test was used to evaluate the relationship between IJV abnormality and CVST, IJV abnormality and IJV reflux, respectively.

RESULTSAmong the 51 CVST patients, 20 (39%) patients were with normal IJV and 31 (61%) patients were with abnormal IJV. The types of IJV abnormality included annulus stenosis 19 cases (61%), hypoplasia 9 cases (29%), thrombosis 2 cases (7%) and anomalous valve 1 case (3%). In patients with unilateral IJV abnormality, the minimum diameter of the IJV on the lesion side was significantly smaller than that of the contralateral side (P < 0.0001). When compared with contralateral side, the Vmax of the lesion side with unilateral annulus stenosis was significant higher, however, it was obvious lower in patients with unilateral hypoplasia (P < 0.05). Furthermore, among 27 cases with unilateral IJV abnormality, all the CVST occurred on the same side as the IJV lesions.

CONCLUSIONIJV abnormality closely correlated with the development of CVST, which is a newly identified risk factor for CVST.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Jugular Veins ; abnormalities ; diagnostic imaging ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Risk Factors ; Sinus Thrombosis, Intracranial ; etiology ; Ultrasonography

Objective To investigate the relationship between maternal weight gain and the increasing speed of weight in different pregnant terms and macrosomia.In order to reasonably manage pregnancy and decrease the morbidity of maerosomia.Methods 106 newborns whose birth weights were equal to or greater than 4000 g were specified as macrosomia,while 106 newborn with birth weights lying in 2500-3999 g were under the control group.A case-control study was conducted to compare the corresponding factors such as maternal BMI.weight before pregnancy and the change of weight during pregnancy respectively.Results Indicated by both simple and multiple unconditional logistic regression analysis,the cause of fetal macrosomia Was mainly associated with the factors including the maternal weight before pregnancy(OR=2.204,95％CI:1.377-3.529),matemal weight gain in 12-pregnant weeks(kgper week)(OR=1.961,95％CI:1.204-3.194),maternal weight gain in 20-gestation weeks(kg perweek)(OR=1.811,95％CI:1.078-3.041),maternal weight gain in 30-pregnant weeks(kg per week)(OR=1.858,95％CJ:1.095-3.153)and virile newborn(OR=2.630,95％CJ:1.420.4.850.When in 30-pregnant weeks.the pregnant women with 0.5-1.0 kg weight gain per week had 1.13 fold risks comparing to those whose weight gains were lexq than 0.5 kg per week.Conclusion Maternal weight before pregnancy,weight gain during pregnancy and fetal sex appeared a closer relation to macrosomia.It is necessary to monitor the change of maternal weight during different pregnancy periods,especially for the 30th-pregnant weeks.

Fifteen compounds were obtained from the twigs and leaves of Caesalpinia minax. Their structures were identified as apigenin (1), 5,7,3',4'- tetrahydroxy-3-methoxyflavone (2), luteolin-5, 3 '-dimethyl-ether (3), thevetiaflavon (4), apigenin-7-O-beta-D-glucuronide (5), bonducellin (6), 7-hydroxy-3-( 4-hydroxybenzylidene )-chroman-4-one (7), 3-deoxysappanchalcone (8), 5-acetonyl-7-hydroxy-2-methyl chromone (9), 4-(trans)-acetyl-3,6,8-trihydroxy-3-methyl-dihydronaphthalenone (10), 4-(cis)-acetyl-3,6,8-trihydroxy-3-methyl-dihydronaphthalenone (11), vanillic acid (12), omega-hydroxypropioquaiacone (13), syringaresinol (14) and uracil (15). All compounds were isolated from C. minax for the first time. Compounds 1-14 were phenolic compounds and compounds 1-5, 9-13 and 15 were isolated from the genus Caesalpinia for the first time.
Caesalpinia ; chemistry ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Molecular Structure ; Phenols ; chemistry ; Plant Leaves ; chemistry

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the relationship between the incidence of abnormal thyroid function of newborns and maternal hyperthyroidism with antithyroid drug therapy.

METHODThe clinical data of 35 neonates born to mothers with hyperthyroidism from 1983 to 2003 in Peking Union Medical College Hospital were retrospectively analyzed. According to the maternal thyroid function and the antithyroid drugs taken during pregnancy, subjects were divided into different groups.

RESULTSThe proportion of abnormal thyroid function in newborn was 48.6% (17/35). The prevalences of primary hypothyroidism, subclinical hypothyroidism, hypothyroxinemia, and central hypothyroidism were 29.4%, 29.4%, 35.3%, and 5.9%, respectively. The incidence of abnormal thyroid function of neonates whose mothers did not take the antithyroid drugs (ATDs) until the third trimester of pregnancy was significantly higher than those without and with ATDs during the first or second trimester (P < 0.01). The incidence of abnormal thyroid function significantly increased in premature neonates, neonates whose mothers with modest or heavy pregnant hypertension, or neonates whose core serum thyroid-stimulating hormone or serum anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies levels were abnormal.

CONCLUSIONThe risk of abnormal thyroid function of infants whose hyperthyroid mothers did not take ATDs until the third trimester of pregnancy may be increased. Prompt diagnosis and appropriate treatment of hyperthyroidism in pregnant women are essential for the prevention of neonatal thyroid functional abnormality.

Adult ; Antithyroid Agents ; adverse effects ; Female ; Humans ; Hyperthyroidism ; complications ; drug therapy ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Complications ; drug therapy ; Retrospective Studies ; Thyroid Diseases ; congenital ; epidemiology ; etiology ; Time Factors

OBJECTIVETo set up a new process to access the preparation of decellularized artery grafts. And to evaluate the feasibility of decellularized artery allografts was evaluated.

METHODSThis study compared the effects of four extraction chemicals [1% t-octyl-phenoxypolyethoxyethanol (Triton X-100), 1% tri (n-butyl) phosphate (TnBP), and 1% sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and trypsin (0.125, 0.25%) on thoracic artery vascular for 24 h (except trypsin for 2 h). At the base of it, a four-step process, including hypotonic, hypertonic solutions and combining with 1% Triton X-100 and 1% SDS detergents, were performed in rabbit thoracic artery vascular. Histological examination, tensile tests and expanding-burst tests were done on the samples. The decellularized carotid artery allografts were transplanted in other rabbits.

RESULTSTreatment with 1% SDS or 1% Triton X-100 for 24 h could remove most cells with retention of near normal structure. A four-step process could remove all cells with the extracellular matrix well conserved. The pulling mechanical properties and burst pressure of decellularized carotid artery were similar to the control. The decellularized carotid artery allografts (diameter of 2 mm) were patent at explanting up to 2 months.

CONCLUSIONSThe acellular artery vascular graft matrix is well prepared with four-step process including detergents, such as TritonX-100, SDS without compromising the graft structure or mechanical properties significantly. The carotid artery allografts (diameter of 2 mm) decellularized by the process are patent at explanting up to 2 months.

Animals ; Aorta, Thoracic ; cytology ; Bioprosthesis ; Blood Vessel Prosthesis ; Blood Vessel Prosthesis Implantation ; Carotid Arteries ; cytology ; transplantation ; Feasibility Studies ; Female ; Male ; Protease Inhibitors ; pharmacology ; Rabbits ; Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate ; pharmacology ; Tissue Engineering ; methods

OBJECTIVETo investigate the antibiotics use in inpatients with hospitals under different scales.

METHODSOn the day of August 7, 2003, antibiotics use among inpatients were investigated, medical order to each inpatient was checked and forms were filled.

RESULTSData showed that 54.86% of the 89,539 inpatients from 151 hospitals were using antibiotics, out of which 48.98% were used for therapeutic purposes while 35.44% for prophylaxis, and 15.58% for both therapy and prophylaxis. Among those who had received antibiotics, 61.43% received one, 33.65% received two and 4.92% received 3 or more agents. In patients who were on antibiotics for therapy, only 23.92% of the samples were sent for pathogens detection. The prevalence of antibiotics use was different among different hospitals, with teaching hospitals having the lowest and hospitals with less than 300 beds were higher than those with more than 300 beds. Departments of respiratory diseases, intensive care unit, and pediatrics had the higher use of antibiotics.

CONCLUSIONInpatients in 151 hospitals had high prevalence of antibiotics use, especially for prophylaxis use but pathogen detection was seldomly done. It is necessary to strengthen the rational use and management of antibiotics use in the hospitals.

Anti-Bacterial Agents ; therapeutic use ; Antibiotic Prophylaxis ; statistics & numerical data ; China ; Costs and Cost Analysis ; Data Collection ; Drug Utilization Review ; Female ; Humans ; Inpatients ; statistics & numerical data ; Male ; Surveys and Questionnaires

OBJECTIVETo explore the feasibility to construct genetic engineering human neural stem cells (hNSCs) mediated by lentivirus to express multigene in order to provide a graft source for further studies of spinal cord injury (SCI).

METHODSHuman neural stem cells from the brain cortex of human abortus were isolated and cultured, then gene was modified by lentivirus to express both green fluorescence protein (GFP) and rat neurotrophin-3 (NT-3); the transgenic expression was detected by the methods of fluorescence microscope, dorsal root ganglion of fetal rats and slot blot.

RESULTSGenetic engineering hNSCs were successfully constructed. All of the genetic engineering hNSCs which expressed bright green fluorescence were observed under the fluorescence microscope. The conditioned medium of transgenic hNSCs could induce neurite flourishing outgrowth from dorsal root ganglion (DRG). The genetic engineering hNSCs expressed high level NT-3 which could be detected by using slot blot.

CONCLUSIONSGenetic engineering hNSCs mediated by lentivirus can be constructed to express multigene successfully.

Animals ; Cell Differentiation ; Cells, Cultured ; Feasibility Studies ; Gene Expression ; Genetic Engineering ; methods ; Genetic Therapy ; methods ; Genetic Vectors ; genetics ; Green Fluorescent Proteins ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Lentivirus ; genetics ; Microscopy, Fluorescence ; Neurons ; metabolism ; Rats ; Stem Cell Transplantation ; Stem Cells ; metabolism ; Transgenes