To propose a formula method of medicated diet based on medicinal property combination patterns in this paper under the context of lack of innovation in medicated diets. By analyzing the property combination patterns of traditional Chinese medicine and commonly used foods recorded in the pharmacopoeia, medicated diet formulae were optimized by using the greedy algorithm, with the property combination patterns of classical formulae based on the syndrome differentiation and treatment. In this paper, the Baihu Rensheng decoction, which is a classical formula for treating lung and stomach heat-derived diabetes, was taken for example in the formula design. As a result, totally 18 medicated diet formulae were developed and proved to be rational in the analysis on traditional Chinese medicines and nutriology. This method expands the way of thinking for personalized diet therapies and provides theoretical basis the industrial development and clinical application of medicated diets.
Animals ; Diabetes Mellitus ; diet therapy ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; Diet ; Diet Therapy ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Phytotherapy

In practice of forensic medicine, potential disease can be associated with fatal asphyxia in restraint position. Research has demonstrated that nitric oxide (NO) and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) are plentifully distributed in skeletal muscle, contributing to the regulation of contractile and relaxation. In the current study, respiratory functions, indices of diaphragmatic biomechanical functions ex vivo, as well as NO levels in serum, the expressions of diaphragmatic inducible NOS (iNOS) mRNA, and the effects of L-NNA on contractility of the diaphragm were observed in sepsis induced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) under the condition of restraint position. The results showed that in the CLP12-18h rats, respiratory dysfunctions; indices of diaphragmatic biomechanical functions (Pt, +dT/dt(max), -dT/dt(max), CT, Po, force over the full range of the force-frequency relationship and fatigue resistance) declined progressively; the NO level in serum, and iNOS mRNA expression in the diaphragm increased progressively; force increased significantly at all stimulation frequencies after L-NNA pre-incubation. Restraint position 1 h in CLP12 h rats resulted in severe respiratory dysfunctions after relative stable respiratory functions, almost all the indices of diaphragmatic biomechanical functions declined further, whereas little change took place in NO level in serum and diaphragmatic iNOS mRNA expression; and the effects of L-NNA were lack of statistical significance compared with those of CLP12 h, but differed from CLP18 h group. These results suggest that restraint position and sepsis act together in a synergistic manner to aggravate the great reduction of diaphragmatic contractility via, at least in part, the negative modulation of NO, which may contribute to the pathogenesis of positional asphyxia.
Animals ; Asphyxia ; Diaphragm/physiology* ; Muscle Contraction ; Muscle, Skeletal ; Nitric Oxide/metabolism* ; Nitric Oxide Synthase ; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II ; Rats ; Respiration Disorders ; Restraint, Physical ; Sepsis

Objective To study the efficacy of late course accelerated fractionation(LCAF) radio- therapy in the treatment of nasopharyngeal carcinoma(NPC).The end-po s were local control,radiation-in- duced complications,factors influencing survival.Methods From December 1995 to April 1998,178 NPC patients were admitted for radiation treatment.The radiation beam used was ~(60)Co?or 6 MV X-ray.For the first two-thirds of the treatment,two daily fractions of 1.2 Gy were given to the primary lesion ,with an interval of≥6 hours,5 days per week to a total dose of 48 Gy/40 fractions,over a period of 4 weeks.For the last one third of the treatment,i.e.beginning from the 5th week,an accelerated hyperfractionation schedule was carried out.The dose per fraction was increased to 1.5 Gy,2 fractions per day with an interval of≥6 hours,the total dose for this part of the protocol was 30 Gy/20 fractions over 2 weeks.Thus the total dose was 78 Gy in 60 fractions in 6 weeks.Results All patients completed the treatment.Acute mucosi- tis:none in 2 patients,Grade 1 in 43,Grade 2 in 78,Grade 3 in 52,and Grade 4 in 3 patients.Local control rate:the 5-year nasopharyngeal local control rate was 87.7%,and the cervical lymph node local control rate was 85.7%.The 5-year distant metastasis rate was 26.1%,and 5-year survivals was 67.9%. Sixteen patients had radiation-induced cranial nerve palsy.Conclusions With this treatment schedule, patient's tolerance is good,local control and 5 year survivals are better than control groups of conventional fractionation and hyperfractionation radiotherapy.Radiation-related late complication does not increase.Ran- domized clinical trials are being carried out to further confirm the efficacy of LCAF for nasopharyngeal carci- noma.

ObjectiveTo develop school refusal reason inventory (SRRI)for children and adolescents in China and assess its reliability and validity.MethodsThe primary SSRI was made based on clinical interviews and literatures.Pretest was carried out in a small sample from a clinic.Then the final SSRI was developed after qualitative analysis and item analysis.SRRI,the Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders(SCARED) and Child Depression Inventory(CDI) were administered to school refusers from 7 schools in Shenyang.All the schools were selected from Shenyang City and its countryside by cluster sampling.Some of the students were retested after one month.Descriptive statistics and exploratory factor analysis were carried out to examine the reliability and validity of SRRI based on all the data.Results Item analysis indicated correlation coefficients between all the items and the total marks were higher than 0.3,and they were significant.All the critical ratios of the items were higher than 0.3.The 43 items were divided into six factors ( educational modality,factor of teachers,relationship with classmates,separated anxiety,study attitude and study environment) by exploratory factor analysis.The factor loading values were 0.372 ～0.848.The cronbach's α of each factor was 0.827,0.831,0.759,0.623,0.821 and 0.808.Retest reliability was 0.644 (P ＜ 0.01 ).Its correlation coefficient with SCARED was 0.452 and 0.548 with CDI.ConclusionAccording to Chinese cultural back ground,the SSRI corresponds with psychometric indexes.There are good reliability and validity.It is helpful to understand the reasons of school refusal behavior in children and adolescents.

Background Posterior capsular opacification(PCO) is common complication after extrecapsular extract of cataract.Matrix metalloproteinases-3 (MMP-3) can degrade all the extracellular matrix except polyose.The gene therapy of PCO upon MMP-3 is the researching hot topic.Fibronectin ( FN ) is a degrade gelatin,so its expression can reflect the effect of MMP-3 on LECs indirectly. Objective The aim of this study was to construct MMP-3 eukaryotic recombination plasmid and transfect to lens epithelium cells(LECs) for the observation of MMP3 expression,and to explore the feasibility of gene therapy for after cataract. Methods Six fresh lenses were obtained from pigs.LECs were cultured using explant method.The eukaryotic expression vector pEGFP-N1-MMP-3 was reconstructed with MMP-3 and pEGFP-N1 plasmids.The accuracy of MMP-3 gene fragment was confirmed by double enzyme digestion and DNA sequencing analysis.After transfecting pEGFP-N1-MMP-3 into LECs of pig,the expression of MMP-3 protein in the cells was indirectly observed by green fluorescent protein.The expression of FN in LECs was detected using Western blot. Results The result of double enzyme digestion was consistent with the base number of pEGFP-N1 plasmids and target fragment.By enlacing the result of DNA sequencing analysis with software,the resemblance of the DNA sequence of MMP-3 from recombination plasmid pEGFP-N1-MMP-3 and that of homo MMP-3 was 99.6％,indicating that the target fragment was inserted to pEGFP-N1 plasmids successfully.Green fluorescence for GFP was seen in the LECs in pEGFP-N1-MMP-3 transfected group,but absent response for GFP was in empty vector group.Western blot revealed that the relative expression level of FN in LECs was 0.666±0.008 in pEGFP-N1-MMP-3 trasfected group and 0.326 ±0.071 in empty vector group,with a significant difference between these two groups(P=0.000). Conclusions Eukaryotic recombination plasmid pEGFP-N1-MMP-3 is successfully constructed,and MMP-3 can be expressed in LECs after transfected.These results lay a foundation for the further research of MMP-3 gene therapy for PCO.

OBJECTIVETo detect the influence of mannitol on cerebral blood flow of post-resuscitation children by transcranial Doppler (TCD).

METHODSThe blood flow changes of left side middle cerebral artery (MCA) and extracranial internal carotid artery (EICA) were monitored by TCD in 21 post-resuscitation children. TCD waveforms, peak velocity (Vp), diastolic velocity (Vd), mean velocity (Vm) and pulsitility index (PI) of MCA and EICA were monitored daily and 30 minutes before and after the first dose of mannitol. Glasgow scores were estimated in the meantime. The patients were divided into 2 groups according to the patterns of diastolic flow. Patients in group I showed no diastolic flow or retrograde diastolic flow (n = 9), and patients in group II had positive diastolic flow (n = 12).

RESULTSVp, Vd, Vm, PI of MCA and EICA in group I patients had no significant change after the administration of mannitol and the Glasgow scores were much lower than that of group II patients (P < 0.05). TCD waveforms showed no improvement in group I patients and their outcomes were poor. Vd, Vm and Vp of MCA and Vd of EICA in group II patients increased, PI of MCA decreased (P < 0.05), while Vp, Vm, PI of EICA had no significant change. TCD waveforms recovered within one week. All the patients in this group survived.

CONCLUSIONSThe results suggested that mannitol could improve cerebral perfusion in patients with mild brain damage. These patients usually had increased diastolic blood flow in the early stage. Lack of or retrograde diastolic flow of TCD waveforms might be associated with severe brain damage with poor outcome. Mannitol had no effect on improving cerebral blood flow in these patients.

Adolescent ; Blood Flow Velocity ; Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation ; Cerebrovascular Circulation ; drug effects ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Mannitol ; pharmacology ; Middle Cerebral Artery ; physiopathology ; Ultrasonography, Doppler, Transcranial ; methods

Aneurysm, False ; etiology ; Aorta, Thoracic ; injuries ; Aortic Aneurysm, Thoracic ; etiology ; Child ; Humans ; Male ; Steel

PURPOSE: Benign lymphoid hyperplasia of the conjunctiva occurs infrequently in children. We report a case of benign lymphoid hyperplasia, accompanied by ptosis and conjunctival injection. METHODS: A nine-year-old girl showing ptosis and conjunctival injection underwent examination. RESULTS: There was ptosis of the right eye. Ophthalmologic findings included nodules which seemed like salmon's patch in the conjunctiva. The function of the levator muscle and the Neostigmine test were normal. There was no specific finding in fundus and orbital CT. Biopsy of the nodules was done under local anesthesia, and the pathologic result was benign reactive lymphoid hyperplasia. Ofloxacin and fluorometholone eye drops were used for 6 weeks, and oral prednisolone was used for 2 weeks. The ptosis was improved 3 weeks after surgery and follow-up survey was continuing at 10 months after surgery at the time of writing. CONCLUSIONS: We report one case of a child with benign lymphoid hyperplasia of the conjunctiva who showed ptosis and conjunctival injection, and present a literature.
Anesthesia, Local ; Biopsy ; Child* ; Conjunctiva ; Eyelids* ; Female ; Fluorometholone ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Hyperplasia* ; Neostigmine ; Ofloxacin ; Ophthalmic Solutions ; Orbit ; Prednisolone ; Pseudolymphoma ; Writing

OBJECTIVETo culture dendritic cells (DC) from peripheral blood of patients with laryngeal carcinoma for therapeutic aid.

METHODSAdherent peripheral blood mononuclear cells from peripheral blood were cultured with 15 ng/ml rhGM-CSF and 7 ng/ml rhIL-4 for one or two weeks. The purity of DC was detected by immunocytochemistry method. The mixed leukocyte reactions stimulated by DC loaded with laryngeal carcinoma antigen were tested by measuring 3H-TdR uptake.

RESULTSA considerable number of suspended cells with spicular or dendritic appearance were observed after 1 week of culture, and their mitochondria were rich in cytoplasm. The positivity of DC was about 30%-60%. DC loaded with laryngeal antigen could induce proliferation of syngeneic T lymphocytes.

CONCLUSIONA large number of DC with high purity can be cultured from peripheral blood of patients with laryngeal carcinoma in vitro. It may be used in further experimental studies for clinical applications.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; blood ; Cell Separation ; Cells, Cultured ; Culture Media ; Dendritic Cells ; pathology ; Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Interleukin-4 ; pharmacology ; Laryngeal Neoplasms ; blood ; Recombinant Proteins ; pharmacology

OBJECTIVETo analyze the characteristics of repeated renal biopsy-proven primary focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (PFSGS) in 8 children, and to reveal the relationship between clinical features and pathology, between the two times of renal biopsy pathology, and the indications for repeated renal biopsy.

METHODThe records of cases who ever experienced renal biopsy in this hospital were reviewed, of whom 8 cases of repeated renal biopsy-proven PFSGS were enrolled. The clinical manifestations, the reason why they had renal biopsy again, the difference in renal pathological findings, between the two biopsies and their therapeutic response. The classification of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) was based on the new criteria suggested by D'Agati in 2004.

RESULTOf the 8 cases, age of onset ranged from 1 to 12 years, all were diagnosed as nephrotic syndrome (NS), the age of first biopsy ranged from 1.1 to 15.0 years, and the follow-up period was 10 months to 14 years. The reason for repeated biopsy was poor therapeutic response, continuous heavy proteinuria, or the progressive renal dysfunction. Four cases had the both biopsies in this hospital, and the first renal pathology showed minimal change disease (MCD), mesangial proliferation, FSGS CELL type and FSGS GTL type. After the second biopsy, they were additionally treated with immunosuppressive agents or switched to another one, 2 cases with FSGS COLL type presented renal dysfunction or end stage renal disease (ESRD), 1 case who developed the disease at 1.4 years of age, presented renal dysfunction at 10 months follow-up. The remaining 5 cases acquired complete remission.

CONCLUSIONFSGS is a clinicopathological syndrome, NS predominates clinically. It often indicates pathologic transformation when the patients show poor therapeutic response or continuous heavy proteinuria without remission. Mesangial proliferation can convert into FSGS, and the subtype of FSGS can shift. FSGS COLL type and onset at young age may suggest poor prognosis.

Biopsy ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Glomerulosclerosis, Focal Segmental ; pathology ; Humans ; Infant ; Kidney ; pathology ; Male