Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols ; therapeutic use ; Camptothecin ; administration & dosage ; analogs & derivatives ; Chemotherapy, Adjuvant ; methods ; trends ; Colorectal Neoplasms ; pathology ; Fluorouracil ; administration & dosage ; Humans ; Liver Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; secondary ; surgery ; Organoplatinum Compounds ; administration & dosage ; Preoperative Care ; Survival Analysis

The assisted reproductive techniques in China have witnessed rapid development in the past two decades.However,it also brings up issues of ethics and laws,especially the urgent regulation and reinforcement of the procedure of informed consent.This article begins with an explanation of the procedure of informed consent.Then it discusses the decision of the content,major and difficult points of informed consent in assisted reproductive technology services based on the practice in this field.Finally,it discusses the challenges to informed consent.To well enforce an informed consent process,we should first ensure the contents are reasonable and just;second,clinicians should have a scientific understanding of the importance of informed consent and establish normative procedure of informed consent;third,we must work according to relative ethic demands.Last but not least,respecting patients is the key to the principle of ethics.

Objective To investigate the clinical, electrophysiological and pathological features of critical illness polyneuropathy and myopathy (CIPNM). Methods The clinical outcomes, electromyogram Results as well as pathological features in nerves and muscles of 3 patients with CIPNM were investigated and analyzed. Results 3 patients were all provided with assisted respiration after tracheal intubation. 7～10 d after intubation, all the patients emerged muscle strength and tendon reflexes of extremities weakening; while 14 days after that, 2 patients appeared amyotrophy of extremities. Electromyogram showed that the conduction of many motor and sensory nerves for extremities decreased, while the amplitude of compound muscle action potential (CMAP) of part of motor nerves decreased. Biopsy for nerves revealed decreased medullated nerve fibers and regeneration phenomenon of auxiliary fibers; while that for muscles showed neuralgic damage and myopathy-like changes. Conclusion CIPNM can complicate after tracheal intubation. The electrophysiological and pathological examinations for nerves and muscles can be helpful for the diagnosis.

OBJECTIVETo explore the clinical outcomes of percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP) and percutaneous kyphoplasty (PKP) in treating osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture (OVCF).

METHODSFrom January 2007 to February 2010, the data of 40 patients with osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture underwent treatment were retrospectively analyzed. Of them,20 patients were treated with PVP (PVP group), there were 8 males and 12 females with an average age of (66.37 +/- 2.34) years old (54 to 81); 20 patients were treated with PKP (PKP group), there were 11 males and 9 females with an average of (65.12 +/- 3.21) years old (56 to 79). Postoperative at 1 week, 12 weeks, 1 year, pain and daily life function were respectively assessed by visual analogue scale (VAS) and Barthel index (BI); and anterior height of responsibility vertebra, Cobb angle were measured by X-rays.

RESULTSIn PVP group, 1 case complicated with bone cement leakage without clinical symptoms and no operation to treat. No postoperative infection and deep vein thrombosis were found between two groups. All patients were followed up more than 1 year, pain and daily life function has obviously improved than preoperative (P < 0.01); and there was no significant difference on 1 week, 12 weeks, 1 year after operation (P > 0.05); there was no significant difference between two groups (P > 0.05). In PVP group, there was no significant difference in anterior height of responsibility vertebra, Cobb angle before and after operation;and in PKP group, postoperative data has obviously improved than preoperative (P < 0.01), but there was no significant difference postoperative at 1 week, 12 weeks, 1 year (P > 0.05); there was no significant difference between two groups at 1 week, 12 weeks, 1 year after operation.

CONCLUSIONBoth the methods can obviously relieve pain and completely or partly recover daily life function in treating OVCF. But PKP has advantages of recovery of anterior height of responsibility vertebra and correction of Cobb angle, especially for serious compression.

Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Female ; Fractures, Compression ; diagnostic imaging ; physiopathology ; surgery ; Humans ; Kyphoplasty ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Osteoporotic Fractures ; diagnostic imaging ; physiopathology ; surgery ; Radiography ; Recovery of Function ; Retrospective Studies ; Spinal Fractures ; diagnostic imaging ; physiopathology ; surgery ; Spine ; surgery ; Treatment Outcome

To investigate the antitumor activities of the immunoconjugates composed of anti-type IV collagenase monoclonal antibody Fab' fragment and lidamycin (LDM) prepared with different linkers. The immunoconjugates were prepared by linking Fab' to lysine-69 of LDM apoprotein by SPDP, LCSPDP, SMBS or SSMPB as the intermediate drug linkers. Immunoreactivities of the conjugates were determined by ELISA. The cytotoxicities of the conjugates were examined by clonogenic assay. In vivo antitumor effects of the conjugates were evaluated in nude mice bearing subcutaneously implanted HT-1080 tumor. ELISA assay showed that the conjugates retained part of the immunoreactivity of 3G11 against the antigen. The cytotoxicities of the Fab'-SMBS-LDM and Fab'-SSMPB-LDM to HT-1080 cells were significantly potent, compared with Fab'-SPDP-LDM, Fab'-LCSPDP-LDM and free LDM. In animal models at the same condition, free LDM, Fab'-SPDP-LDM and Fab'-LCSPDP-LDM inhibited the growth of HT-1080 tumor by 70.9%, 74.8% and 72.3%, while Fab'-SMBS-LDM and Fab'-SSMPB-LDM reached 78.0% and 87.7%, respectively. The median survival time of the mice treated with free LDM, Fab'-SPDP-LDM and Fab'-LCSPDP-LDM were prolonged by 71.9%, 82.2% and 107.5%, respectively, compared with that of untreated group. Whereas, the median survival time of Fab'-SMBS-LDM and Fab'-SSMPB-LDM were prolonged by 145.2% and 165.8%, respectively, indicating that Fab'-SSMPB-LDM was more effective than Fab'-SMBS-LDM in tumor suppression and life span prolongation. Fab'-SSMPB-LDM has more marked selective antitumor efficacy and lower toxicity, and might be a novel candidate for cancer therapy.

Human herpesvirus 7 (HHV-7) infection is dependent on the functions of structural glycoproteins at multiple stages of the viral life cycle. These proteins mediate the initial attachment and fusion events that occur between the viral envelope and a host cell membrane, as well as cell to cell spread of the virus. To characterize the HHV-7 glycoproteins that can mediate cell fusion, a cell-based fusion assay was used. 293T cells expressing the HHV-7 glycoproteins of interest along with a luciferase reporter gene under the control of the T7 promoter were cocultivated with SupT1 cells transfected with T7 RNA polymerase. HHV-7 glycoproteins gB, gH, gL and gO can mediate the fusion of 293T cells with SupT1 cells, and the fusion can be inhibited by anti-CD4 mAbs. Thus, the coexpression of HHV-7 gB, gO, gH and gL is sufficient and necessary for HHV-7 induced membrane fusion, and one of these glycoproteins or protein complex formed by these glycoproteins might be the ligand(s) of CD4 molecule.

AIM: To clone EBV-LMP2A gene, construct and identify the recombinant retroviral vector and stable cell strains expressing EBV LMP2A. METHODS: The full-length EBV LMP2A gene was generated by RT-PCR amplification from B95.8 cells which contain complement nucleotide sequence of EBV LMP2A gene. The gene was ligated to T-vector and sequenced to construct retroviral vector consisting with LMP2A. To produce retroviral virus, packing cells, 293T cells were co-transfected with recombinant retroviral expression vector pGEZ-LMP2A and two auxiliary viral vectors pHIT456 and pHIT60 by lipofectAMINE2000. Viral titration was performed according to the instructions of the manufacturer. To establish L929 cell line stable expressing LMP2A, L929 cells were infected with recombinant retrovirus three times and selected by Zeocine. The Zeocine-resistant clones (L929/LMP2A) were screened for LMP2A expression by RT-PCR and Western blot. RESULTS: The recombinant retrovirus vector carrying LMP2A gene was constructed successfully. Transfection yield a titer of 5×10~8 infectious particles/L. The infected L929 cells were selected by Zeocine. Results of RT-PCR and Western blot indicated that L929 transgenetic cells could stably express EBV-LMP2A. CONCLUSION: The L929 cell line stably expressing LMP2A provides suitability for extraction of the LMP2A protein and preparations of the vaccine for the therapy of EBV-associated diseases.

Objective To evaluate the clinical outcome and relative factors of intervention treatment for atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis in elderly patients.Methods The clinical data of 79 patients diagnosed as atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis by angiography and treated by revascularization were analyzed.Results There were 55(69.6%)successes and 24(30.4%)failures in decreasing blood pressure and 28(35.4%)successes and 51(64.6%)failures in improving renal function after intervention treatment.Predictors of favorable outcome of intervention treatment in decreasing blood pressure were related to lower urine protein,higher glomerular filtration rate,higher systolic and diastolic blood pressure before treatment,lower resistance index(RI)of renal artery,and no complication of cerebral vascular diseases.Predictors of favorable outcome of intervention treatment in improving renal function were related with percentage of angiographic stenosis,category of antihypertension and lower urine protein.The logistic regression analysis showed that the percentage of angiographic stenosis was the most important predictor of intervention treatment for blood pressure control,age and level of serum creatinine before intervention treatment were the most important predictors of intervention treatment for improving renal faction.Conclusion Percentage of stenosis(≥85%),age(133 ?mol/L)can be used as the predictors of therapeutic success for renovascular stenosis in older patients.

Objective To access the macular status of type 2 diabetes mellitus after first time insulin treatment,and analyse the changes of macular thickness.Design Prospective case series.Participants 34 diabetes patients(68 eyes)treated with insulin for the first time.Methords The diabetes patients were treated with intensive Humulin NPH for 3 months.Optical coherence tomography were performed in each eye before and after the treatment.Main Outcome Measures Thickness of macular foveal.Results The thickness of macular foveal was(195.07?27.75)?m before the treatment of insulin,and(198.57?27.72)?m after 3 months of insulin therapy(t= 1.9960,P=0.1569).25 eyes had macular thickening after insulin therapy.Conclution There is no obvious therapeutic effect only to control blood glucose using insulin within 3months in patients with diabetic macular edema,which needs close following-up and other treatment options in time.(Ophthalmol CHN,2008,17:56-58)

ObjectiveTo study the effect of α7 ( α7 AChR) agonist nicotine on regulating sensitivity of regular chemotherapeutic agent in cholangiocarcinoma cells,and explore the possible target.MethodsThe effect of nicotine and α-BTX pretreatment on the survival ability of cholangiocarcinoma cells was investigated when applied with 5-FU by using MTT and Flat cloning formation experiment.ResultsApplied with 5-FU,in various con centrations nicotine stimulating group( 10-3 g/L,10-4 g/L,10-5 g/L ),the survive rate of QBC939 was 128％,124％,118％,while that in α-BTX stimulating group and combined stimulation group was 92％,94％,93％,92％,respectively.The cloning formation ability of nicotine- stimulating group (6.2 ± 0.40) was significantly higher than α- BTX stimulating group (3.2 ± 0.20 ),combined stimulation group ( 3.2 ± 0.20 ) and control group ( 3.4 ±0.33).ConclusionNicotine can prevent chemotherapy-induced apoptosis,and improve cholangiocarcinoma cell survival via α7 nicotine acetylcholine receptor in vitro.