Objective To investigate the effects of post-operative analgesia with oxycodone or morphine for patients undergoing colon cancer radical surgery on platelet activation and cellular immunity.Methods Forty colon cancer patients scheduled for radical surgery, 23 males and 17 females, ASA physical status Ⅰ or Ⅱ, were randomly divided into 2 groups (n=20 each): oxycodone group (group O) and morphine group (group M).Patient-controlled intravenous analgesia (PCIA) was used for post-operative analgesia.PCIA solution contained oxycodone 1 mg/kg and tropisetron 6 mg in 100 ml normal saline in group O or morphine 1 mg/kg and tropisetron 6 mg in 100 ml normal saline in group M.Blood samples were obtained from the patients at 5 min before anesthesia induction (T0), 4 h after surgery (T1), 24 h after surgery (T2) and 48 h after surgery (T3).The levels of glycoprotein (GP)Ⅱb/Ⅲa, P-selection (CD62P), natural killer (NK) cells, NKT cells, and natural Treg (nTreg) cells were detected.The platelet aggregation rate (PAR) was determined.Results Compared with T0, the levers of GPⅡb/Ⅲa, CD62P, PAR and nTreg cells were significantly higher at T1 in group O and at T1, T2 in group M (P<0.05).Compared with T0, the levels of NK and NKT cells were decreased significantly at T1 in group O and at T1-T3 in group M (P<0.05).The levels of GPⅡb/Ⅲa, CD62P, PAR and nTreg cells at T2 and T3 in group O were decreased significantly as compared with group M (P<0.05).The levels of NK cells, NKT cells at T2 and T3 in group O were significantly higher than those in group M.Conclusion Post-operative analgesia with oxycodone for patients undergoing colon cancer radical surgery exhibits a more significant effect of decreasing platelets activity and presents a less disturbance on cellular immunity as compared with morphine.

To establish a method for detecting microdialysis recovery of tetramethylpyrazine (TMP) and ferulic acid (FA) and investigating the influencing factors, providing the basis for further in vivo microdialysis experiments. The concentration of FA and TMP in dialysates were determined by high pressure liquid chromatography ( HPLC) and probe recovery were calculated respectively. The influence of the flow rates, medium concentration, temperature and in vivo probe stability on the recovery of FA and TMP were investigated by using concentration difference method (incremental method and decrement method). The recovery obtained by incremental method were similar to by decrement method. The in vitro recovery rate of FA and TMP decreased with the increase of 1-2.5 μL min(-1), and increased obviously with the temperature of 25-42 degrees C under the same conditions. The concentration of FA and TMP had no obvious effect on the probe recovery under the same flow rate. In addition, the recovery of TMP and FA remained stable and showed similar trends under the condition of four concentration cycles, indicating that the intra day reproducibility of the concentration difference method was good. The recovery of brain microdialysis probes in vivo 8 h maintained a relatively stable, but certain differences existed between different brain microdialysis probes, demonstrating that each probe was required for recovery correction in vivo experiment. Microdialysis sampling can be used for the local brain pharmacokinetic study of FA and TMP, and retrodialysis method can be used in probe recovery of FA and TMP in vivo.
Animals ; Brain ; metabolism ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Coumaric Acids ; analysis ; isolation & purification ; pharmacokinetics ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; Humans ; Microdialysis ; methods ; Pyrazines ; analysis ; isolation & purification ; pharmacokinetics ; Rats

OBJECTIVETo establish a new method for simultaneous determination of shanzhiside methyl ester, chlorogenic acid, 8-O-acetyl shanzhiside methylester, forsythiaside B, rutin, acteoside and galuteolin in Lamiophlomis rotata.

METHODSeparation was performed on a Welchrom-C18 chromatographic column with acetonitrile-0.1% orthophosphoric acid as mobile phasewith gradient elution. The flow rate was 1.0 mL x min(-1). The column temperature was 30 degrees C, and the detection wavelength was set at 238 nm, 330 nm and 350 nm.

RESULTThe seven compounds were well separated with good linear correlations. The mean recoveries of seven compounds were 96.47%-102.2% (RSD 0.70%-2.2%).

CONCLUSIONThere were good correlations among the seven compounds in the samples of aerial parts. The mean sum of shanzhiside methyl ester and 8-O-acetyl shanzhiside methylester in samples of aerial parts is 1.44%. The aerial parts have more kinds of composition and with higher content than that of underground parts in L. rotata, which was reasonable for the resonable use of the aerial part as medicinal part. The method was simple, repeatable and stable, which could be used for identification and quality evaluation of L. rotata.

Chlorogenic Acid ; chemistry ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Glucosides ; chemistry ; Glycosides ; chemistry ; Lamiaceae ; chemistry ; Methyl Ethers ; chemistry ; Phenols ; chemistry ; Plant Components, Aerial ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Pyrans ; chemistry ; Rutin ; chemistry

OBJECTIVETo explore the possibility of building tissue-engineered adipose tissue and looking for a new approach for the repair of soft tissue defects.

METHODSThe cells using enzymatic digestion from human liposuction part of the lipid extract were used as adipose tissue-derived cells and labeled with DiI fluorescent marker, the induced group using I collagen scaffold material as a carrier, the induced cell were planted into left back subcutaneously in nude mice at 1 x 10(7)/ml cell density, in the uninduced group cells were not induced by any, in the same cell density and type I collagen scaffold composite inoculated in nude right mouse back skin, the blank control group I collagen scaffold gaps in nude mice inoculated subcutaneously center of the neck, each of the six mice; Remove implants after 12 weeks and judge the adipogenic capacity through general and fluorescence microscopy, wet - determination, histological detection and oil red O staining qualitative.

RESULTSThe primary source of fat cultured stem cells, similar to the fibroblast morphology, and has a strong proliferative capacity. In the role of adipose differentiation medium, it can be the mature fat cells in which cytoplasmic lipid droplets gather, oil red O staining was positive. In the induced group, newborn tissue were found in the experimental groups of nude mice and its average weight is about 0.020 g. Conventional pathological slices and oil red O staining confirmed it is mature adipose tissue, the fluorescence staining positive confirm them are exogenous. Uninduced group newborn tissue are found in the experimental groups of nude mice and its average weight is about 0.014 g. Conventional pathological slices and oil red O staining confirmed it include some mature adipose tissue, the fluorescence staining positive confirm them are exogenous. Two groups of the new wet weight with have statistical significance (P < 0.01); gaps in the control group no new organization formed.

CONCLUSIONSThe cells using enzymatic digestion from human liposuction part of the lipid extract are adipose tissue-derived cells. The cells can be as seed cells and with solid scaffold of collagen type I it can become fat tissue in vivo successfully.

Adipose Tissue ; cytology ; metabolism ; Animals ; Cell Culture Techniques ; Collagen Type I ; biosynthesis ; Humans ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mice, Nude ; Stem Cells ; cytology ; Tissue Engineering ; methods ; Tissue Scaffolds

OBJECTIVETo study the cellular compatibility of type I collagen scaffold and human adipose-derived stem cells (ADSC(S)) in order to explore appropriate scaffold materials for adipose tissue engineering.

METHODSThe morphology and function of the ADSC(S) were observed by inverted phase contrast microscope, scanning electron microscope and XTT assay when cocultured type I collagen scaffold with ADSC(S) in vitro. Cells adhesive rates were also calculated.

RESULTADSC(S) were able to attach, grow and proliferate well on the scaffolds.

CONCLUSIONcollagen I scaffold exhibits excellent cellular compatibility and can be used as a vehicle for adipose tissue engineering.

Adipocytes ; cytology ; Adult Stem Cells ; cytology ; Biocompatible Materials ; chemistry ; Cells, Cultured ; Coculture Techniques ; Collagen Type I ; chemistry ; Humans ; Tissue Engineering ; methods ; Tissue Scaffolds

OBJECTIVETo observe the effect of sirolimus-based immunosuppression administered on heart transplant recipients with chronic renal dysfunction.

METHODSFrom June 2004 to December 2008, standard calcineurin inhibitors (CNI)-based immunosuppressive regimen was changed to reduced-dose CNI plus sirolimus due to CNI-related chronic renal dysfunction in 20 out of 138 cardiac transplant recipients at Fuwai Hospital. The standard immunosuppressive regimen included steroid, CNI (cyclosporine or tacrolimus), and mycophenolate mofetil or azathioprine. Sirolimus was started at 0.75 - 1.50 mg/d with titration to achieve levels of 5 - 15 µg/L, and CNI dose was reduced gradually to 1/2-2/3 of the baseline level. Patients were followed for changes in renal function, lipid level and clinical side effects related to immunosuppressive therapy. Endomyocardial biopsy (EMB) was performed routinely at 3 weeks, 3, 6 and 12 months after transplantation. EMB was also performed at 3 months after regimen change within 1 year post-transplantation or when rejections were suspected in patients beyond 1 year post-transplantation. Echocardiography was performed for monitoring purpose.

RESULTSThe mean follow-up after regimen change was (7.9 ± 6.3) months. Final sirolimus dose was (0.89 ± 0.22) mg/d and blood drug level was (7.6 ± 3.8)µg/L. Cyclosporine dose was reduced from (191.7 ± 60.0) mg/d to (123.6 ± 34.8) mg/d, with blood drug concentration reduced from (175.5 ± 58.0) µg/L to (111.9 ± 56.0) µg/L in 18 patients (P < 0.01). Tacrolimus average dose was reduced from 4.25 mg/d to 3.00 mg/d, with blood drug concentration reduced from 13.5 µg/L to 10.5 µg/L in 2 patients. Serum creatinine level fell from (160.4 ± 25.5) µmol/L to (134.4 ± 26.8) µmol/L (P < 0.01) and urea nitrogen fell from (13.8 ± 4.7) µmol/L to (10.4 ± 3.0) µmol/L (P < 0.01) at one month after regimen change. Twenty two EMBs were performed in 11 patients within 1 year post-transplant, there were 4 episodes of acute rejected (ISHLT grade 2). Twenty patients are all alive and cardiac function was normal. The most common side effect was hyperlipidemia, and triglycerides, total cholesterol and low density lipoprotein levels were significantly increased at 1 month post regimen change (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). Leukocyte, hemoglobin and platelet as well as liver function remained unchanged at 1 month post regimen change (all P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONOur results show that change from CNI-based immunosuppressive regimen to reduced-dose CNI plus sirolimus is an effective and safe approach for the management of patients with CNI-related chronic renal dysfunction, leading to an improvement in renal function without compromise in anti-rejection efficacy and with tolerable side effects.

Calcineurin Inhibitors ; Female ; Heart Transplantation ; Humans ; Immunosuppressive Agents ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Kidney Failure, Chronic ; drug therapy ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Sirolimus ; therapeutic use

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects of chronic lead exposure on expression of autophagy-associated proteins in rat hippocampus.

METHODSSD rats were randomly divided into three groups: control group was given distilled water, lead-exposed groups were given 0.5 g/L (low-dose) or 2.0 g/L(high-dose) lead acetate solution in drinking water. The rat pups started to drink the lead content water until 60 d maturity. The lead contents in blood and brain samples were analyzed by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The expressions of Beclin 1, LC3, LAMP2 and cathepsin B proteins were detected by Western blot and immunohistochemistry.

RESULTSCompared with control group, the contents of lead were significantly higher in blood and hippocampus samples in chronic lead-exposed rats (P<0.01). Western blot showed that the expression of Beclin 1 and LC3-II/LC3-I increased significantly in high dose lead-exposed group compared with control group (P<0.05 or P<0.001). The confocal laser immunostaining results demonstrated that increased immunofluorescence staining of cathepsin B in hippocampal neurons compared with control animals.

CONCLUSIONThe disturbance of autophagy-lysosome signaling molecules might be partially contribute to neurotoxicity of chronic lead exposure.

Animals ; Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins ; metabolism ; Autophagy ; drug effects ; physiology ; Beclin-1 ; Cathepsin B ; metabolism ; Chronic Disease ; Disease Models, Animal ; Female ; Hippocampus ; drug effects ; metabolism ; pathology ; Lead Poisoning ; metabolism ; pathology ; Lysosomal-Associated Membrane Protein 2 ; metabolism ; Male ; Microtubule-Associated Proteins ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Signal Transduction ; drug effects

OBJECTIVEThe fabrication of all-ceramic dental restorations is challenged by ceramics' relatively low flexural strength and intrinsic poor resistance to fracture. This paper aimed at investigating the relationships between powder-size gradation and mechanical properties of Zirconia toughened glass infiltrated nanometer-ceramic composite (Al(2)O(3)-nZrO(2)).

METHODSAl(2)O(3)-nZrO(2) ceramics powder (W) was processed by combination methods of chemical co-precipitation and ball milling with addition of different powder-sized ZrO(2). Field-emission scanning electron microscopy was used to determine the particle size distribution and characterize the particle morphology of powders. The matrix compacts were made by slip-casting technique and sintered to 1,450 degrees C and flexural strength and the fracture toughness of them were measured.

RESULTS1. The particle distribution of Al(2)O(3)-nZrO(2) ceramics powder ranges from 0.02 - 3.5 micro m and among them the superfine particles almost accounted for 20%. 2. The ceramic matrix samples with addition of nZrO(2) (W) showed much higher flexural strength (115.434 +/- 5.319) MPa and fracture toughness (2.04 +/- 0.10) MPa m(1/2) than those of pure Al(2)O(3) ceramics (62.763 +/- 7.220 MPa; 1.16 +/- 0.02 MPa m(1/2)).

CONCLUSIONSThe particle size of additive ZrO(2) may impose influences on mechanical properties of Al(2)O(3)-nZrO(2) ceramics matrix. Good homogeneity and reasonable powder-size gradation of ceramic powder can improve the mechanical properties of material.

Aluminum Oxide ; chemistry ; Dental Porcelain ; chemistry ; Hardness ; Nanomedicine ; Nanotechnology ; Particle Size ; Powders ; Tensile Strength ; Zirconium ; chemistry

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of different concentrations of human adipose stromal vascular fraction cells (SVFs) on the survival rate of fat transplantation.

METHODS0.3 ml fat tissue, derived and refined from clinical liposuction patients, was mixed with different concentrations of SVFs as 5 x 10(5)/ml in Group A, or 1 x 10(6)/ml in Group B, or 2 x 10(6)/ml in Group C, or completely medium in control group D. Then the mixture was injected randomly under the back skin of 6 nude mice. The transplanted fat tissue in four groups was harvested at 3 months after implantation. Wet weight of fat grafts was measured for macroscopic aspects. After HE staining, blood vessel density, viable adipocytes and fibrous proliferation were counted respectively for histological evaluation.

RESULTSThe wet weight of fat grafts in group B (81.670 +/- 7.528) mg was significantly higher than that in group A, C, D [(60.000 +/- 6.325) mg, (68.330 +/- 7.528) mg, (48.330 +/- 7.528) mg, respectively, P < 0.05)], but the difference between group A and group C was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). The grafts in group A, B and C had significantly higher blood vessel density than those in the control group D, whereas blood vessel density was the highest in group B (P < 0.05) and there was no significant difference between group A and C (P > 0.05). Compared with group A, C and D, histological analysis revealed that the fat grafts in group B was consisted predominantly of adipose tissue with less fat necrosis and fibrosis (P < 0.05). However, fibrosis counts were significant lower in group A, B and C than those in group D (P < 0.05), and there was no significant difference between group A and C (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSThe human isolated SVFs has the advantages to improve the survival rate of fat transplantation, and the magnitude of 1 x 10(6)/ml is more practical and safe, indicating a wide clinical application in the future.

Adipose Tissue ; cytology ; transplantation ; Adult ; Animals ; Cells, Cultured ; Female ; Graft Survival ; Humans ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Nude ; Stromal Cells ; transplantation

OBJECTIVETo explore the dedifferentiation phenomenon of human mature adipocytes cultured in vitro and to discuss the possibility of using dedifferentiation adipocytes (DA) as seed cells.

METHODSMature adipocytes and ASCs were harvested from human fat aspirates. Mature adipocytes were cultured and induced to DA by ceiling adherent culture method. Cell morphology were observed during the whole process. Viabilities of DA and ASCs were compared by MTT chromatometry and cell growth curves were drawn based on it. Cell surface markers of DA and ASCs were detected by flow cytometry. The adipogenic, osteogenic and chondrogenic ability of DA and ASCs were assessed by oil red O staining, alizarin bordeaux staining and alcian blue staining, respectively.

RESULTSHuman mature adipocytes can dedifferentiate into fibroblast-shaped DA. MTT chromatometry assay demonstrated that DA and ASCs both had strong reproductive activity, with no significant difference between them. Flow cytometry assay demonstrated that both DA and ASCs expressed HLA-ABC, CD29 and CD44, while didn't express CD45, CD34 and CD106. After two weeks of adipogenic differentiation, lipid droplets could be displayed by oil red O staining in both DA and ASCs. After two weeks of osteogenic differentiation, calcium salts mineralization in DA and ASCs could be detected by alizarin bordeaux staining. After two weeks of chondrogenic differentiation, matrix of cartilage cells in DA and ASCs could be detected by alcian blue staining.

CONCLUSIONSMature adipocytes can be dedifferentiated into DA in vitro. DA has strong reproductive activity, as well as osteogenic, chondrogenic ability and strong adipogenic ability. It expresses some of the stem cell-related cell surface proteins and is a promising seed cell for adipose tissue engineering.

Adipocytes ; cytology ; Adipose Tissue ; cytology ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Cell Culture Techniques ; Cell Dedifferentiation ; Cells, Cultured ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Stem Cells ; cytology ; Young Adult