Sperm DNA fragmentation index (DFI) refers to the percentage of DNA strand breaks in the total sperm. Many studies suggest that elevated DFI can lead to male infertility and early spontaneous abortion. High-DFI patients are more likely to fail in assisted reproduction and preliminary treatment or prevention methods have been developed for this population. This review focuses on the impact of DFI on clinical pregnancy outcomes and progress in the studies of its treatment.
Abortion, Spontaneous ; Chromatin ; DNA Fragmentation ; Female ; Humans ; Infertility, Male ; Male ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Outcome ; Sperm Injections, Intracytoplasmic ; Spermatozoa

Objective To explore the clinical significance of expression of MKK4 in osteosarcoma,and to discuss the relationship between MKK4 and osteosarcoma occurrence,development and prognosis.Methods The expression of MKK4 protein was determined with immunohistochemical SP method in 30 cases of osteosarcoma.Results The MKK4 was obviously expressed in both nucleus and cytoplasm in osteosarcoma.The expression of MKK4 in the cytoplasm of osteosarcoma was positively correlated with clinical stage (r =0.72,P =0.000),the expression of MKK4 in the nucleus of osteosarcoma had no correlation with clinical stage (r =0.44,P =0.080).MKK4 expression in the cytoplasm was higher in transfer osteosarcoma than no transfer osteosarcoma(x2 =9.69,P ＜0.01),while no obvious difference in the nucleus of osteosarcoma(x2 =1.00,P =1.000).Conclusion The MKK4 is highly expressed in the nucleus and cytoplasm of osteosarcoma,suggests that MKK4 may be related with the carcinogenesis development of osteosarcoma.The expression of MKK4 in the cytoplasm of osteosarcoma is related to the malignant,metastasis and prognosis of osteosarcoma,may be used as a potential prognostic indicator of judgment osteosarcoma.

Objective To investigate the correlation between drug resistance and β-actamase genes of multi-drug resistance Acinetobacter baumannii (MDR-AB) in neonatal intensive care unit to provide evidence for rational antibiotics administration and nosocomial infection control.Methods Twenty-six MDR-AB strains were separated and collected from clinical specimens.The minimum inhibitory concentrations of 13 antimicrobial agents were determined by agar dilution method.Genotypes of β-lactamase were detected by polymerase chain reaction.Results The resistant rates of the 26 strains to Ceftazidime,Cefoxitin,Piperacillin-tazobactam and Ciprofloxacin were 100.0%.About 80.8% to 96.2% of these strains were resistant to the other antimicrobial drugs.Among the 26 MDR-AB strains,100% (26/26) strains possessed oxa-51,77% (20/26) possessed oxa-23 gene,54% (14/26) carried arnpC gene,both oxa-23 and ampC were identified in 42% (11/26) strains,while oxa-24,oxa-58,imp-1,imp-4 and vim-2 gene were not identified.Conclusions The drug resistance of Acinetobacter baumannii is serious,oxa-23 and ampC are the major plactamase genes carried by MDR-AB in neonatal intensive care unit.

Obejctive To compare the differences between conventional radiation therapy (3DCRT) and intensity modulated radiation therapy( IMRT) for locally advanced laryngeal carcinoma patients by ECLIPSE treat -ment planning system.Methods Six locally advanced laryngeal carcinoma patients ′treatment plans were de-signed as IMRT and 3DCRT according to ECLIPSE treatment planning system ,respectively.The following values were measured,such as V95%、D5%、D95%、Dmin and D mean of the target volume,and the D50,D33,D5, Dmax and Dmean of normal tissues.Results The dose coverage rate of GTV and GTVnd in the IMRT plan was compared to ECLIPSE treatment planning system with no statistical differences.However, there were obvious difference in CTV and some normal tissues.Conclusion Both IMRT and 3DCRT have good coverage to primary tumor and metastatic lymph nodes.IMRT can spare the parotid from high dose irradiation.

Objective To make an epidemiological survey on Angiostrongylus cantonensis in Jiangmen City of Guangdong Province. Methods From October 2006 to November 2007, the characteristics of A. cantonensis infection were investigated in Jiangmen district in various hosts, including the third stage larva infection in the snails Achatina fulica and Pomocea canaliculata by digestion method, and the adult A. cantonensis in rats by the dissection of heart and lungs. Relevant symptoms and dietary habits in Jiangmen residents who were randomly recruited were also investigated by questionnaire, and the specific IgG and IgM antibodies against A. cantonensis in their sera were detected by ELISA. Results 695 A. fulica and 720 P. canaliculata were examined. The infection rate of third stage larva of A. cantonensis were 45.0% and 1.8% respectively, with an infectiosity of 53.74?147.30 and 5.23?8.51 respectively. Natural infection rate of A. cantonensis in all 229 rats was 4.4%. Among the 300 people surveyed, 11.3% had a history of eating raw or undercooked fish and shrimp, 5.3% directly or indirectly exposed to A. fulica or P. canaliculata. The positive rate of specific IgG antibody against A.cantonensis for serum samples among residents was 14.0% (42/300), and 5 serum samples in the 42 positive samples showed specific IgM antibody, with a positive rate of 1.7%. Conclusion Jiangmen district is an endemic area of A. cantonensis, and the local residents are under the risk of infection.

Objective To investigate the Human papillomavirus(HPV)infection in different age groups of women in Shenyang, and explore its correlation with cervical biopsy diagnosis.Methods 7 311 women aged 13-85 did HPV test and thin-cytologic test (TCT)in the hospital.Some of them had biopsy detection under electronic colposcopy,and the pathological diagnosis was the golden standard for the diagnosis of cervical lesions.SPSS18.0 statistical software was used for all statistical analysis.Results The infection rate of <30 years old women was significantly higher than that of 30 - <40,40 - <50,≥50 years old women (P <0.05).The most prevalent high-risk HPV genotype in Shenyang were subtype 16,52,58,53,33,31 and 18,and the most prevalent low-risk HPV subtypes were 81,11 and 6.The former 4 subtypes of high-risk HPV infection accounted for 67.3% of all high-risk infection.As to the 4 subtypes with higher infection rate,the infection rate of ≥40 years old women was higher than that of <40 years old(χ2 =20.29,P =0.00).The top two low-risk HPV subtypes accounted for 74.8% of the infections.The mean age of the ICC patients were 48.3,which was statistically different from the other groups(P <0.05).Cervical lesions occured mostly in 40-49 years old,which accounted for 37.1% and was higher than the other agees(P <0.01).HPV16 infection rate increased with the severity of cervical lesions.Conclusion HPV DNA genotyping is a necessary methord for cervical cancer screen,an effective com-plement for precancerous lesions diagnosis which was missed in cytology test,and also an indispensable test for CIN treatment and follow-up after operation.

Objective To investigate the effect of neutral amino acid on preventing Parkinson disease.Methods Mice were injected with L-Valine,L-Pheylalanine,D-Valine or L-Lysine before or after paraquat administration,by which prakinsonian mouse model was constructed.The paraquat immunoreactivity was observed within nigral cell bodies.Then neurodegeneration and ?-synuclein aggregation were observed by immunohistochemistry and Western blot.Results Paraquat immunoreactivity was abolished by the administration of L-Valine,L-Pheylalanine before paraquat exposure.Pre-treatment with these two amino acids also protected the paraquat-induced loss of nigrostriatal dopaminergic cells and formation of thioflavine S-positive aggregates.In contrast, paraquat-induced toxicity was unaffected if animals were injected with these two amino acids after paraquat exposure or pre-treated with D-Valine or L-Lysine.Conclusions L-type neutral amino acids such as L Valine and L-Pheylalanine can prevent paraquat-induced neurodegeneration and a synuclein pathology through a competitive inhibition mechanism with stereospecificity in the central nervous system (CNS).Neutral amino acid could protect the dopaminergic neuron in substantia nigra and may prevent Parkinson disease.

Adult ; Colonic Neoplasms ; genetics ; DNA, Neoplasm ; genetics ; Female ; Fluorescence ; Humans ; Male ; Microsatellite Instability ; Middle Aged ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; methods ; Rectal Neoplasms ; genetics

AIM: To isolate and characterize the anti-complementary polysaccharide from the root of Bupleurum chinense. METHODS: Bioactivity-guided fractionation and purification was used to obtain the anti-complementary polysaccharide from the hot-water extract of the root of Bupleurum chinense. The polysaccharide was characterized by various chemical and spectral analyses. The anti-complementary activities were evaluated by hemolytic assay in vitro. The action targets were identified in the system with individual complement-depleted sera. RESULTS: A homogeneous polysaccharide BC-PS2 was isolated as an anti-complementary agent. It was identified as a branched polysaccharide with an average molecular weight about 2 000 KDa, composed of Glc, Ara, Gal, and Man in the ratio 3.5 : 2.4 : 2.0 : 1.0, respectively, along with a trace of Rha and Xyl, and only 1.11% of protein. The main linkages of the residues of BC-PS2 include terminal, 1, 6-linked, 1, 3-linked and 1, 3, 6-linked Glcp, terminal and 1, 5-linked Araf, terminal, 1, 4-linked, 1, 6-linked and 1, 4, 6-linked Galp, terminal, and, 1, 4-linked and 1, 4, 6-linked Manp. The bioassay experiments revealed that BC-PS2 inhibited complement activation on both the classical and alternative pathways, with CH50 and AP50 of (0.222 ± 0.013) and (0.356 ± 0.032) mg·mL(-1), respectively. Preliminary mechanism studies indicated that BC-PS2 interacted with C1q, C2, and C9 components. CONCLUSION The results demonstrated that BC-PS2 is an anti-complementary polysaccharide, and should be important constituent of the root of Bupleurum chinense for its application in the treatment of diseases associated with the excessive activation of complement system.
Adult ; Bupleurum ; chemistry ; Carbohydrate Sequence ; Complement Activation ; drug effects ; Complement Inactivating Agents ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Hemolysis ; drug effects ; Humans ; Male ; Molecular Weight ; Plant Extracts ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Plant Roots ; chemistry ; Polysaccharides ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology

OBJECTIVETo study the influence of the reference values for semen analysis proposed in the 5th edition of the WHO Laboratory Manual for the Examination and Processing of Human Semen on the indication spectrum for intrauterine insemination (IUI).

METHODSWe retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 111 cycles of IUI by the reference values for semen analysis in the 4th edition of the WHO Laboratory Manual (group A) and 84 cycles by the 5th edition (group B). We recorded and compared the percentages of various indications for IUI between the two groups.

RESULTSThe complications for IUI in groups A and B were as follows: asthenospermia (87.4% [97/111] vs 55.9% [47/84], P < 0.05), oligospermia (0 vs 0), teratospermia (51.4% [57/111] vs 35.7% [30/84]) , abnormal liquefaction (0.9% [1/111] vs O) , sexual dysfunction and genital malformation (0 vs 3.6% [3/84] , immune infertility (0.9% [ 1/111] vs O), and unexplained infertility (3.6% [4/111] vs 2. 4% [2/84 ] ). There were no significant differences between the two groups in the percentages of all the indications except that of asthenospermia.

CONCLUSIONThe reference values for semen analysis proposed in the 5th edition of the WHO Laboratory Manual for the Examination and Processing of Human Semen have an evident influence on the indication spectrum for IUI by largely reducing the cases of IUI for male factors, prolonging the cycles of some patients, causing excessive diagnosis and treatment for females, and increasing their mental and economic burdens.

Adult ; Contraindications ; Female ; Humans ; Insemination, Artificial ; Male ; Pregnancy ; Reference Values ; Retrospective Studies ; Semen ; Semen Analysis ; World Health Organization