Objective To establish the phenobarbital addiction rat model by the modified drug‐admixed‐food(DAF) method . Methods Rats were selected as the experimental animal .The modified DAF method was adopted to construct the model .The initial dose of phenobarbital 75 mg/kg was given mixed and the dase was gradually increased day by day ,which continued for 45 d .The es‐tablished model was verified by the precipitated withdrawal method and the natural withdrawal method for judging whether the model construction succeeding .Results The convulsion rate in the DAF precipitated withdrawal group was higher than that in the control group(P< 0 .01) ;the withdrawal symptoms scores in the DAF natural withdrawal group were higher than those in the con‐trol group(P< 0 .05) ;the relieving degree of body mass in the two withdrawal groups was greater than that in the control group (P< 0 .05) .The brain section in the mode group revealed obvious cellular apoptotic change .Conclusion DAF is simple and feasible for establishing the phenobarbital addiction rat model .

To study the chemical constituents of "Shan-Ci-Gu" (the tuber of Cremastra appendiculata (D. Don) Makino), the compounds were isolated with silica gel and reverse phase silica gel as well as Sephadex column chromatographic method. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of modern spectra technology. Seven compounds were isolated and identified as 5-methoxybibenzyl-3, 3'-di-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (1), militarine (2), loroglossin (3), protocatechuic acid (4), succinic acid (5), gastrodin (6), and daucosterol (7). Compound 1 is a new compound. Compounds 2 -6 were isolated from this plant for the first time.
Benzyl Alcohols ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Glucosides ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Hydroxybenzoates ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Molecular Structure ; Orchidaceae ; chemistry ; Plant Tubers ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Succinic Acid ; chemistry ; isolation & purification

OBJECTIVETo investigate the characteristic of NK cells and NKT cells in HBV infected pediatric subjects for evaluation of their clinical implication.

METHODSFresh peripheral blood samples were obtained from 42 HBV-infected pediatric cases and 15 healthy counterparts. NK cells and NKT cells were analyzed by flow cytometry assay. The clinical data such as serum ALT level and HBV viral load was simultaneously recorded from each HBV carrier.

RESULTSHBV-infected children had an obviously increasing percentage of NK cells 12.071% +/- 7.100%, there were significant differences between the children with chronic B hepatitis and the healthy children (P <0.05). As far as percentage of NKT 3.048% +/- 1.937% was concerned, there were not differences. Furthermore the association was not found between serum HBV viral load level and the NK lymphocyte.

CONCLUSIONOur data may provide valuable information of NK and NKT lymphocyte for evaluation of disease progression of HBV infected children NKI cells.

Adolescent ; Cells, Cultured ; Child ; Female ; Hepatitis B virus ; immunology ; physiology ; Hepatitis B, Chronic ; immunology ; virology ; Humans ; Killer Cells, Natural ; immunology ; Male ; Natural Killer T-Cells ; immunology

OBJECTIVEThe purpose was to analyze the effects of three sterilization methods (dry heat sterilization, steam sterilization, and chemical sterilization) on the corrosion of dental fissure bur.

METHODS200 dental fissure burs were distributed to 10 groups. Bending strength, elastic modulus, and torsional strength were measured by bending and torsional instrument and calculated with special designed software. Among the three sterilization methods, the steam sterilization group showed the most evident.

RESULTSThe corrosion was most severe in steam sterilization group, followed by chemical sterilization, dry heat sterilization. With the sterilization time increased, bending strength, elastic modulus, and torsional strength decreased respectively. Of the three sterilization methods, the mechanical properties were decreased most evidently by steam sterilization, followed by chemical sterilization and dry heat sterilization.

CONCLUSIONIt is proved that the bending strength, elastic modulus and torsional strength have a tight relationship with the corrosion of dental fissure burs. The corrosion was most severe in steam sterilization group, followed by chemical sterilization, dry heat sterilization. In regards of the corrosive effect, the dry heat sterilization might be the best way to sterilize the dental fissure burs.

Dental Fissures ; Dental High-Speed Equipment ; Dental Instruments ; Steam ; Sterilization

OBJECTIVETo detect mutations in the ED1 gene in two Chinese pedigrees and a sporadic case with X-linked hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia (XLHED) and provide evidences with the mutation analysis for genetic counseling, prenatal diagnosis and confirmation of carrier status.

METHODSPeripheral blood samples were obtained from two pedigrees and the sporadic patient, and genomic DNA was extract by salting out method. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and direct sequencing were performed to screen mutations in ED1 gene.

RESULTSThree mutations were identified. In one of the pedigrees, a 1045G > A transition was evidenced in exon 9 that resulted in a change of Ala 349 Thr. In the other pedigrees and the sporadic patient, 467G > A and 466C > T transitions were demonstrated in exon 3 that resulted in change of Arg 156 His and Arg 156 Cys. These mutations were not found in 100 normal individuals.

CONCLUSIONSThese mutations were responsible for the disease in the two families and the sporadic patient. All these mutations had been identified previously.

Child ; DNA Mutational Analysis ; Ectodermal Dysplasia 1, Anhidrotic ; genetics ; Ectodysplasins ; genetics ; Humans ; Male ; Mutation, Missense ; Pedigree

OBJECTIVETo discuss adequate application of mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) in hepatitis C patients after kidney transplantation.

METHODA one-year follow-up study was conducted in 49 patients with hepatitis C but normal liver function before kidney transplantation, who were given postoperatively immunosuppressants of predisone, MMF and CsA/FK506. Patients with abnormal liver function after kidney transplantation who continued MMF therapy at routine dose and those with reduced or suspended MMF therapy all received intravenous therapy for liver protection, and the duration of therapies was recorded.

RESULTSNineteen patients presented with abnormal liver function after operation, and the duration of abnormal liver function till recovery was 32.82-/+4.13 days in the patients with unsuspended MMF therapy and 13.31-/+2.98 days in those with reduced or suspended MMF (P<0.05); the former patients required subsequently 62.7-/+3.23 days to recover normal liver function and the latter need only 23.4-/+2.29 days (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONMMF should be reduced or suspended when liver function abnormality occurred in patients with hepatitis C after kidney transplantation, and immediate intravenous therapy for liver protection may prove beneficial.

Adult ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hepatitis C ; complications ; drug therapy ; surgery ; Humans ; Immunosuppressive Agents ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Kidney Transplantation ; Liver Function Tests ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mycophenolic Acid ; adverse effects ; analogs & derivatives ; therapeutic use ; Postoperative Period ; Uremia ; complications ; drug therapy ; surgery

A sensitive high performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-MS) method was established for the determination of eplerenone (EP) in human plasma. The plasma samples of EP were extracted with ethyl acetate and separated by HPLC on a reversed phase C18 column with a mobile phase of 10 mmol x L(-1) ammonium acetate water solution-methanol (30 : 70, v/v). EP was determined with electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) in the selected ion monitoring (SIM) mode. The calibration curves were linear over the range of 2-4 000 ng x mL(-1) for EP. The lower limit of quantification was 2 ng x mL(-1). The method has been successfully applied in the pharmacokinetic study of the EP tablets. The main pharmacokinetic parameters of EP after oral administration of 25 mg, 50 mg, 100 mg were as follows, t1/2: (4.9 +/- 2.1), (4.7 +/- 1.5), (5.9 +/- 1.2) h; AUC(0-infinity): (4 402 +/- 1 735), (8 150 +/- 2 509), (13 783 +/- 4 102) microg x h x L(-1); and MRT: (6.2 +/- 2.1), (6.6 +/- 1.3), and (7.2 +/- 1.6) h. Parameters of EP after oral administration of multiple doses of 50 mg were as follows, t1/2: (6.1 +/- 1.7) h; AUC(ss): (10 071 +/- 4220) microg x h x L(-1); MRT: (8.1 +/- 2.3) h; and DF: (3.2 +/- 1.0).
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Humans ; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization ; methods ; Spironolactone ; analogs & derivatives ; blood ; pharmacokinetics

The complete coding sequences of Eya gene family was amplified by standard PCR fromhuman tissues or cells cDNA library.The product of PCR was cloned into the eukaryotic expression vector pcDNA3-FLAG,generating pcDNA3-FLAG-Eya1～4.Thenhuman embryo kidney 293T cells were transfected with the recombinant plasmids and the expression of Eya genes were identified by Western blot.Transcriptional assay using a reporter containing myogenin enhance factor indicated that expression of Eya cooperation with Six in 293T cells affected the Myogenin gene expression.The expression vectors of Eya genes were constructed and confirmed by restriction enzyme digestion and DNA sequence analysis.Transcriptional assay using a reporter containing myogenin enhance factor indicated that expression of Eya in coordination with Six in 293T cells stimulated the Myogenin gene expression.Eya proteins are transcriptional activator of Six and can improve the activity of myogenin promoter.

Objective To summarize the experience of long-term survival in patients after simulta- neous kidney-pancreas transplantation(SKPT)with modified enteric drainage(ED).Methods From October 2001 to July 2004,6 patients with end-stage renal disease due to Type 1 diabetes underwent SKPT with modified ED,ie,side-to-side anastomosis between the duodenum of donors and jejunum of recipients. The medication regimen included:mycophenolic acid 500 mg and tacrolimus 2 mg before operation;methyl- prednisolone(MP)1.0 during operation;and 2-dose anti-IL-2 receptor monoclonal antibody(2 cases)or antihuman thymocyte globulin(ATG)(4 cases)for immune induction therapy;MP was used on the first 3 d after transplantation,triple immunosuppressive therapy(tacrotimus,mycophenolic acid and prednisone)was used on the second d after transplantation.Anticoagulants such as low molecular heparin or alprostadil were used for 7-10 d to prevent thrombosis in pancreas graft.Somatostatin was used as prophylaxis for graft pan- creatitis.Ganciclovir was used to prevent cytomegalovirus infection when renal graft gradually recovered 3 to 5 d after transplantation.The follow-up was from 1 year and 3 months to 4 years and 1 month.Results Transplantation was successful in all 6 cases.The blood sugar levels were 6-16 mmol/L.Low-dose insulin was used for 5-10 d,then the blood sugar levels returned to normal range.One of 6 patients experienced nephrotoxicity because of high tacrolimus blood concentration at 7 d after operation;after 3 dialyses and re- duction of tacrolimus dose,the renal allograft regained normal function.Three cases experienced alimentary tract hemorrhage at 14,20 and 22 d,respectively,after operation;the bleeding was stopped after treatment. There were no complications such as pancreatic fistula,intestinal fistula and thrombosis early after operation. All the patients are now alive,specifically,1 survived over 4 years,3 over 3 years,1 over 2 years,and 1 over 1 year.All had normal blood sugar free of insulin use.Five cases had normal renal graft function,with normal sCr,and 1 had sCr＞400?mol/L. Two cases were admitted to hospital due to upper respiratory infection and furuncles in the skin of head 6 months and 2 years,respectively,after operation.They were both cured.No complications such as urinary infection,metabolic acidosis and dehydration occurred.Conclusions SKPT is effective for the treatment of end-stage renal disease due to Type 1 diabetes.SKPT with modified ED are relatively simple with physiological compatibility and fewer complications.High quality of donated organs, HLA matching,pancreatic drainage pattern,rational periopcrative medications and infection late after trans- plantation are important factors affecting the long-term survival of the patients.

OBJECTIVETo review the clinical experiences concerning simultaneous liver-kidney transplantation in polycystic kidney and hepatic disease with kidney and liver failure.

METHODSThis study involved 8 cases of simultaneous liver-kidney transplantation in polycystic kidney and hepatic disease with kidney and liver failure. There were 5 male and 3 female patients, aged from 41 to 67 years old with a mean of 52.8 years old. Six cases transplanted kidney after liver with orthotopic liver transplantation, and 2 cases transplanted liver after kidney with piggy-back liver transplantation. The acute rejections, complications, liver function, kidney functions, and survival rates of patient/liver/kidney were recorded.

RESULTSWithin the follow-up of 28 to 65 months, all 8 patients are still alive with normal liver and kidney functions: 2 living more than 5 years, 2 living more than 4 years and 4 living more than 2 years. 2 cases of pleural effusion and 1 case of pneumonia were complications after operation, which had been cured successfully. No acute rejection of allograft was observed.

CONCLUSIONSSimultaneous liver-kidney transplantation is a safe and effective treatment for polycystic kidney and hepatic disease with kidney and liver failure.

Adult ; Aged ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Kidney Transplantation ; Liver Diseases ; complications ; surgery ; Liver Failure ; etiology ; surgery ; Liver Transplantation ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Polycystic Kidney Diseases ; complications ; surgery ; Renal Insufficiency ; etiology ; surgery ; Retrospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome