0.05).Duodenal perforation did not occur in 2 groups.Conclusions TP may significantly reduce the frequency of apnoea and vomiting and improve feeding tolerance in VLBWI,it can be used in VLBWI with suspected gastroesophageal reflux.

In recent years,nuclear medical imaging has become a routine examining technology.In general,angiographic medicine has to be injected into human body.Considering the short-coming of the manual injection,it seriously needs a injecting pump with the functions such as auto-control,push-pull injecting,synchronous injection of two injectors.

Objective To evaluate the association between isotretinoin pharmacokinetic parameters and CYP2B6 (cytochrome p-450) gene polymorphisms. Methods Blood samples were collected at different time points from 21 healthy male volunteers who received a single 40-rng oral dose of isotretinoin. High performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (LC-MS) was used for the quantification of isotretinoin in plasma samples which were standardized by dosage and body weight. PCR and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis were performed to detect the G516T mutation in exon 4 as well as A785G mutation in exon 5 of CYP2B6 gene in these subjects. Results There was an obvious genetic linkage imbalance in exon 4 and 5 of CYP2B6 gene among these volunteers. In the case of CYP2B6*4 allele,3 (14.29%) people were CYP2B6*4/*4 homozygotes, 6 (28.57%) CYP2B6*1/*4 heterozygotes, and 12 (57.14%) CYP2B6*1/*1 wild-type homogygotes, while as far as CYP2B6*6 allele was concerned, 3 (14.29%)people were CYP2B6*6/*6 homozygotes, 5 (23.81%) CYP2B6*1/*6 heterozygotes, and 13 (61.90%)CYP2B6*1/*1 wild-type homozygotes. The reaction half-time (t1/2) and mean residence time (MRT) of isotretinoin were longer in volunteers carrying wild-type CYP2B6*4 allele than those of CYP2B6*4/*4 homozygotes (both P ＜ 0.05 ), while no significant difference was observed in maximum concentration (Cmax), peak time (Tmax) or area under the plasma concentration time (AUC) between the two groups of volunteers. There was no statistical difference in any of the above parameters between subjects carrying wild type CYP2B6*6 allele and those of CYP2B6 *6/*6 homozygotes (all P ＞ 0.05 ). Conclusions The mutation of CYP2B6*4 allele ia relevant to the metabolism of isotretinoin, which seems to be more rapid in CYP2B6*4/*4 homozygotes.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of furanodiene(FDE),a diterpene derived from the medicinal plant Zedoary,on apoptosis of human gastric cancer MGC-803 cells induced in vitro. METHODS MGC-803 cells were treated with FDE 46.29~740.74μmol·L-1 for 24,48 and 72 h,and the cell viability was detected with MTT assay. Cell morphology was observed by light microscopy and Hoechst33342 staining. Flow cytometry was used to detect cell apoptotic rate and cell cycle. Rh123 staining and fluorescence probe DCFH-DA were employed to detect the changes in mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and reactive oxygen species(ROS). RESULTS MTT Results showed that FDE 46.29-740.74μmol · L-1 exhibited significantly higher cytotoxicity to gastric cancer MGC-803 cells. IC50 for MGC-803 of 24,48 and 72 h treatment was 347.91,257.41 and 101.01μmol·L-1,respectively. Treatment with FDE 92.58-370.32μmol·L-1 for 24 h also caused significant morphological changes in MGC-803 cells. AnnexinⅤ-FITC/PI double staining showed that the apoptotic rate increased after FDE 92.58-370.32μmol·L-1 treatment for 24 h(P<0.05). FDE enabled MGC-803 cell cycle arrest in S phase. DCFH-DA staining showed that FDE resulted in an increase in intracellular ROS levels(P<0.05) when PDE concentration was 370.37μmol·L-1(P<0.05). MMP decreased after FDE treatment when PDE concen?tration was 370.37μmol·L-1(P<0.05). CONCLUSION FDE Possesses potent tumor selected toxicity and can induce apoptosis of MGC-803 cells through cell cycle arresting,which is related to inhibition of DNA biosynthesis.

Objective To investigate differences between Han and Uyghur children in dyslexia prevalence and potential environmental risk factors as well as to provide diagnosis and treatment evidence for dyslexia children . Methods We used cluster sampling to recruit 2 854 students in grades 3~6 from five Uyghur -Chinese bilingual primary schools in Xinjiang province .The children with dyslexia were selected step by step according to the defini‐tion of ICD-10 and DSM -IV .The children with DD and children without DD were selected and compared by 1∶1 of the same class ,ages and genders .Then single factor analysis and logistic regression analysis were used to as‐sess children'environmental risk factors .Results In total ,2 438 effective quostionnaires have been got .The difference between Han (3 .89% ) and Uyghur (7 .05% ) dyslexia prevalence was statistically significant .The factor analysis revealed that educational grades ,family income ,father's and mother's occupations ,and their education levels as well as some home literacy environmental factors were significantly different for the two groups of children with dyslexia (P<0 .05) .Conclusion The prevalence of dyslexia was high in both groups ,and especially for Uyghur children . Some environmental factors may be responsible for the differences noted ,especially for the occupation of mother .

Objective To evaluate the role of the short-segment transpedicular instrumentation and fusion in the treatment of thoracic and lumbar spine unstable fractures. Methods We reviewed 121 patients of thoracic and lumbar vertebral fractures treated by short-segment transpedicular instrumentation (attachment of one level above the fracture to one level below the fracture) by using an AO Universal Spine System (USS), plus posterolateral fusion by using autogenous iliac crest bone graft. Results Out of the 121 cases, 104 had been followed clinically, radiographically, and functionally for 12 to 72 months (mean 31.3 months). Follow-up observations showed that, 101 patients (97.1%) had neurological function improvement more than one Frankel grade (3 no change), the average loss of vertebral body height basically reversed to normal (mean 58.3% preoperatively versus mean 3.2% postoperatively, with mean loss of 2.1% in follow-up), and the kyphotic angles were basically corrected (mean 29?preoperatively versus mean 3.4?postoperatively, with mean loss of 3.4?in follow-up). Conclusions The short-segment transpedicular instrumentation and fusion can provide excellent reduction and fixation, indirect decompression, and stabilization for unstable thoracic and lumbar fractures. The USS may be effectively employed in the short-segment fixation of thoracic and lumbar fractures.[

BACKGROUND:Leukocytic infiltration induced by release of inflammatory cytotkines and up-regulation of adhesion molecules is closely associated with the formation of cerebral infarcted focus. The related factors have been widely studied.OBJECTIVE: To explore influence of estrogen on inflammatory reaction in rats after focal ischemia/reperfusion injury.DESIGN: Randomized controlled experiment.SETTING: Nanjing General Hospital, Nanjing Military Area Command of Chinese PLA.MATERIALS:The experiment was performed at the Department of Neurology, Department of Pathology, Nanjing General Hospital, Nanjing Military Area Command of Chinese PLA. Adult male SD rats were selected to establish cerebral ischemic models, with the body mass of 280-350 g.METHODS:The rats were assigned into 3 groups: control group,ovariectomized group and estrogen treatment group (estradiol, 200 μg/kg,subcutaneous injection, once a week for 4 weeks). Four weeks later, models with right middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) for 1 hour and 2 hours as well as reperfusion for 0, 1, 3, 6, 22 and 70 hours were established with thread embolism method. Mean number of infiltrative neutrophils in brain tissue was calculated under microscope with 10 high power fields in ischemic hemisphere with hematoxylin and eosin staining. Expression of nuclear factor-κB was determined with immunohistochemical method.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:Infiltration of neutrophils and expression of nuclear factor-κB in brain parenchyma.RESULTS: ①Expression of nuclear factor-κB: There was expression of nuclear factor-κB in the ovariectomized group at hour 1 after ischemia.Positive cells appeared at hour 2 after ischemia in the control group and estrogen treatment group. The expression was in the peak at ischemia for 2hours and reperfusion for 3 hours in the three groups, and decreased gradually. There was slight expression at reperfusion for 70 hours in the ovariectomized group, while there was no clear factor-κB positive cell at reperfusion for 22 hours in the control group and estrogen treatment group.②Infiltrative neutrophils in cerebral ischemic region in the ovariectomized group significantly increased at ischemia for 2 hours and reperfusion for 22 hours. Compared with the estrogen treatment group, there was significant difference (P=0.045). At ischemia for 2 hours and reperfusion for 70 hours,infiltrative neutrophils in the ovariectomized group were more than those in the control group and estrogen treatment group, but there were significant differences only between ovariectomized group and control group.CONCLUSION: Estrogen can inhibit inflammatory reaction after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury.

Objective To investigate the expression and significance of Matriptase and HAI-1 protein in prostate cancer (CaP). Methods Specimens of 46 prostate cancers,20 benign prostate hyperplasias (BPH),10 high-grade intraepithelial neoplasias (PIN),and 10 normal prostates (NP) were used. Expressions of Matriptase and HAI-1 proteins in specimens were detected by SP of immunohistochemistry. The results were analyzed in relation to the clinicopathological data. Results The protein levels of Matriptase in CaP tissues were significantly higher than PIN tissues(Z＝-2.150,P＝0.032),and the expression of matriptase in CaP and PIN was higher than that in BPH and NP (Z＝-3.270,P＝0.001;Z＝-2.817,P＝0.005). No statistically significant difference was observed between BPH and NP group (Z＝-0.895,P＝0.325). A progressive increase in the protein levels of Matriptase was observed with increasing tumor grade (rs＝0.583,P＜0.01) and clinical stages（rs＝0.611,P＜0.01）in CaP specimens. The protein levels of HAI-1 in BPH and NP tissues were significantly higher than CaP and PIN tissues（Z＝-3.277,-3.315,P＜0.01）,the levels of HAI-1 in PIN were higher than CaP (Z＝-2.310,P＝0.020). No statistically significant difference was found between BPH and NP (Z＝-0.872,P＝0.330). A progressive decrease in the protein levels of HAI-1 was observed with increasing tumor grades（rs＝-0.634,P＜0.01） and clinical stages（rs＝-0.521,P＜0.01）. The expressions of Matriptase and HAI-1 in CaP tissues showed negative correlations（rs＝-0.712,-0.560,-0.465,respectively,P＜0.01）. Conclusions The abnormal expressions of Matriptase and HAI-1 proteins may be important events during the progression of CaP in humans. Matriptase and HAI-1 Protein may be used as parameters for assessing the malignancy and prognosis of CaP.

AIM: To investigate the apoptosis in primary gastric cancer cells induced by resveratrol, and the relation between this apoptosis and expression of bcl- 2 and bax. METHODS: In in vitro experiments, MTT assay was used to determine the cell gowth inhibitory rate. Transmission electron microscopy and TUNEL staining were used to quantitatively and qualitively detect the apoptosis of primary gastric cancer cells before and after the resveratrol treatment. Immunohistochemical staining and RT - PCR was used to detect the expression of apoptosis - regulated gene bcl - 2 and bax. RESULTS: Resveratrol inhibited the growth of primary gastric cancer cells in a dose - and time - dependent manner. Resveratrol induced primary gastric cancer cells to undergo apoptosis with typically apoptotic characteristics. TUNEL assay showed that after the treatment of primary gastric cancer cells with resveratrol for 24, 48, 72, 96 hours, the apoptotic indexs were 4.93% ± 0.19%, 16.74% ± 0.43%, 27.88% ±0.36%, 36.84% ± 1.07 % respectively. Immunohistochemical staining showed that after the treatment of primary gastric cancer cells with resveratrol for 24, 48, 72, 96 hours, the positive rates of Bcl - 2 proteins were 20.68% ± 0.49%, 10.84% ±0.33%, 6.80% ± 0.34%, 3.91% ± 0.15% and the positive rates of Bax proteins were 19.79% ± 0.98%, 30.74% ±0.85%, 40.14% ± 1.17%, 60.08% ± 1.64%. After exposed to resveratrol for 24 h, 48 h, 72 h and 96 h, the density of bcl- 2 mRNA decreased progressively with elongation of time and the density of bax mRNA increased progressively with elongation of time by RT- PCR. CONCLUSION: Resveratrol is able to induce the apoptosis in primary gastric cancer. This apoptosis may be mediated by down- regulation of Bcl- 2 and up- regulation of Bax.

Objective To investigate the effects of methylprednisolone on neurocyte apoptosis in rats with severe acute pancreatitis(SAP).Methods Thirty-six SD rats were divided into sham operation group,SAP group and methylprednisolone group(12 rats in each group).SAP model was constructed by injecting 5%sodium taurodeoxycholate into biliary-pancreatic duct.Serum amylase,interleukin-6(IL-6),tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α),volume of aseites and histopathological changes of pancreas were determined.The mRNA expressions of Bcl-2 and Bax in brain tissue were analyzed by RT-PCR.and neuroeyte apoptosis was detected by TUNEL method.Results The levels of serum IL-6 and TNF-α were significantly increased:the expression of Bcl-2 mRNA in brain tissue was down-regulated;the expression of Bax mRNA was up-regulated;the Bcl-2/Bax ratio Was decreased:the apoptosis of the neurocytes was increased in SAP group.Compared with SAP group,the levels of serum IL-6 and TNF-α were significantly decreased;the expression of Bcl-2 mRNA was unchanged but the expression of Bax mRNA was down-regulated in brain tissue,so the Bcl-2/Bax ratio was elevated significantly;the rate of the ueurocyte apoptosis in brain tissue were reduced in methylprednisolone group.Conclusions The apoptosis of neurocytes in brain tissue may be one of the factors causing pancreatic encephalopathy.Methylprednisoione can inhibit the release of IL-6 and TNF-α.improve the balance of Bcl-2 and Bax expression and decrease the apoptosis of neurocytes in brain tissue.