Adult ; Azoospermia/parasitology* ; Hormones/blood* ; Humans ; Infertility, Male/parasitology* ; Male ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Testicular Diseases/parasitology* ; Trichomonas Infections/parasitology* ; Trichomonas vaginalis

Cryopreservation of rare testicular-retrieved spermatozoa for intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) in patients with severe oligozoospermia and azoospermia remains a major challenge in clinical practice. This study evaluated the Cryopiece system as a potential technique to cryopreserve rare human spermatozoa for ICSI. Small numbers of ejaculated (24 patients) and testicular (13 patients) spermatozoa were cryopreserved using the Cryopiece system. The total number of recovered spermatozoa and motility were assessed after thawing. Thirty-seven couples underwent ICSI using spermatozoa cryopreserved by the Cryopiece system, and ICSI outcomes (rates of fertilization, embryo cleavage, and clinical pregnancy) were evaluated. The average sperm post-thaw retrieval rate was 79.1%, and motility was 29.7%. Ejaculated spermatozoa had a higher post-thaw motility (32.5%) than testicular spermatozoa (21.8%; P = 0.005). ICSI achieved a fertilization rate of 61.9%, embryo cleavage rate of 84.6%, and clinical pregnancy rate of 43.3%. The ICSI outcomes in the ejaculated and testicular frozen-thawed spermatozoa were similar. Assisted oocyte activation (AOA) after ICSI with motile (72.1%) or immotile (71.9%) spermatozoa resulted in a significantly higher fertilization rate than that when using motile spermatozoa without AOA (52.0%; P = 0.005). However, AOA did not enhance the clinical pregnancy rate (55.6% or 40.0% vs 35.3%; P = 0.703). The Cryopiece system is simple and useful for the cryopreservation of small numbers of ejaculated or testicular spermatozoa for ICSI in patients with severe oligozoospermia or nonobstructive azoospermia.
Azoospermia ; Cryopreservation ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Oligospermia ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Rate ; Retrospective Studies ; Semen ; Sperm Injections, Intracytoplasmic ; Sperm Motility ; Spermatozoa ; Testis

Aim To investigate the effects of Dexmedetomidine(DEX)on HT22 cells with hypoxia/reoxygenation based on ferroptosis and the underlying mechanism.Methods HT22 cells were used to prepare H/R injury model.In order to investigate the optimal concentration of DEX, cells were divided into five groups: control group, H/R group, low concentration(H/R+DEX2.5, 2.5 μmol·L-1), medium concentration(H/R+DEX5, 5 μmol·L-1), high concentration(H/R+DEX10, 10 μmol·L-1)DEX intervention H/R group, and the survival rates of cells were detected by MTT assay.To investigate the mechanism of the protective effects on HT22 cells with H/R injury, HT22 cells were divided into four groups: control group, H/R group, H/R+DEX5 group, and H/R+DEX5 +ML385 group.The survival rates of cells were detected by MTT assay; the levels of Fe2+ were detected by FerroOrange fluorescent probe; the C11BODIPY581/591 was used to detect the change of lipid ROS on the cells; MDA and reduced glutathione kits were used to detect the content of MDA and GSH of cells respectively.The expressions of Nrf2, GPX4, TFR1 and SLC7A11 were detected by Western blot.Results Compared with control group, the survival rate of cells, the content of GSH, and the expression of Nrf2, GPX4 and SLC7A11 all significantly decreased(all P<0.05), the level of lipid ROS, the content of MDA, the level of Fe2+, and the expression of TFR1 all significantly increased in H/R group(all P<0.01).Compared with H/R group, the survival rate of cells, the content of GSH, and the expression of Nrf2, GPX4 and SLC7A11 significantly increased(all P<0.05), the level of lipid ROS, the content of MDA, the level of Fe2+, and the expression of TFR1 significantly decreased with the treatment of DEX(all P<0.05).Compared with H/R+DEX group, the survival rate of cells, the content of GSH, and the expression of Nrf2, GPX4 and SLC7A11 markedly decreased(all P<0.05), the lipid ROS, MDA and Fe2+, and the expression of TFR1 significantly increased in H/R+DEX+ML385 group(all P<0.05).Conclusions DEX can reduce H/R injury on HT22 cells by inhibiting ferroptosis, and the mechanism might be related to the promotive expression of Nrf2.

Objective To monitor the susceptibility of clinical isolates to antimicrobial agents in tertiary hospitals in major regions of China in 2022.Methods Clinical isolates from 58 hospitals in China were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility using a unified protocol based on disc diffusion method or automated testing systems.Results were interpreted using the 2022 Clinical &Laboratory Standards Institute(CLSI)breakpoints.Results A total of 318 013 clinical isolates were collected from January 1,2022 to December 31,2022,of which 29.5％were gram-positive and 70.5％were gram-negative.The prevalence of methicillin-resistant strains in Staphylococcus aureus,Staphylococcus epidermidis and other coagulase-negative Staphylococcus species(excluding Staphylococcus pseudintermedius and Staphylococcus schleiferi)was 28.3％,76.7％and 77.9％,respectively.Overall,94.0％of MRSA strains were susceptible to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and 90.8％of MRSE strains were susceptible to rifampicin.No vancomycin-resistant strains were found.Enterococcus faecalis showed significantly lower resistance rates to most antimicrobial agents tested than Enterococcus faecium.A few vancomycin-resistant strains were identified in both E.faecalis and E.faecium.The prevalence of penicillin-susceptible Streptococcus pneumoniae was 94.2％in the isolates from children and 95.7％in the isolates from adults.The resistance rate to carbapenems was lower than 13.1％in most Enterobacterales species except for Klebsiella,21.7％-23.1％of which were resistant to carbapenems.Most Enterobacterales isolates were highly susceptible to tigecycline,colistin and polymyxin B,with resistance rates ranging from 0.1％to 13.3％.The prevalence of meropenem-resistant strains decreased from 23.5％in 2019 to 18.0％in 2022 in Pseudomonas aeruginosa,and decreased from 79.0％in 2019 to 72.5％in 2022 in Acinetobacter baumannii.Conclusions The resistance of clinical isolates to the commonly used antimicrobial agents is still increasing in tertiary hospitals.However,the prevalence of important carbapenem-resistant organisms such as carbapenem-resistant K.pneumoniae,P.aeruginosa,and A.baumannii showed a downward trend in recent years.This finding suggests that the strategy of combining antimicrobial resistance surveillance with multidisciplinary concerted action works well in curbing the spread of resistant bacteria.