This study was aimed to optimize the extraction technology of Shu-Feng Ding-Chuan(SFDC) granules in the Huang-Qin(HQ)group by Box-Behnken response surface methodology(RSM).With three major characteristic components (baicalin,praeruptorin A and solid content in extraction liquid),the effects of four factors,such as the concentration of ethanol,the dosage of ethanol,the duration of extraction and the extraction times,were investigated by the single factor experiment.Then,the range of parameters of key factors was further studied and explored by Box-Behnken RSM.The results of single factor experiment and Box-Behnken design showed that the optimum preparation conditionswere 8-fold 70% ethanol,extracted for 2 times,with 1.0 h per each time.Under these conditions,the transfer rates of baicalin and praeruptor in A were 89.57% and 87.90%,respectively.And the transfer rateof solid content was 32.35%.It was concluded that the single factor experiment combined with RSM can be used in theoptimization of extraction technology for SFDC granules in the HQ group.This technique wasstable and feasible,which provided scientific evidences for the industrial production.

Objective To investigate the wall shear stress(WSS) in the common carotid artery of type 2 diabetes mellitus(DM) patients,and analyzed the spatial distribution of WSS by using quantitative visualization of blood flow shear stress analysis software.Methods Eighteen male type 2 DM subjects were enrolled as DM group and 18 age-matched healthy subjects were selected as control group.None of the participants was hypertensive,hyperlipidemic or a cigarette smoker.Intimal-medial thickness (IMT),number and size of plaques in the common carotid artery were evaluated by high-resolution echo-Doppler.Color Doppler flow images of common carotid arteries in the two groups were extracted from DICOM files.WSS in the common carotid arteries was calculated by shear stress visualization quantitative analysis software,and the corresponding spatial distribution maps of WSS were designed.Results WSS of the common carotid arteries in the control group were ranged from 4 to 14 dyne/cm2.WSS of the common carotid arteries in the DM group were ranged from 2 to 8 dyne/cm2.Compared to mean WSS value [(6.96 ± 1.17)dyne/cm2] of common carotid arteries in the control group,mean WSS value [(3.14 ± 0.79)dyne/cm2] of common carotid arteries in the DM group was significantly lower (t =9.380,P =0.000).Six diabetic participants had a plaque in one carotid artery and no lesions in the contralateral carotid.Among these subjects,mean WSS was significantly lower in the side with lesion (t =7.324,P =0.000).Therefore,IMT of common carotid arteries in participants was significantly inversely related to WSS (r =-0.76,P ＜0.01).Conclusions The common carotid arteries of DM patients are more prone to atherosclerosis which is associated with reduction of WSS.The hemodynamic profile might represent an additional factor contributing to the increased prevalence and severity of carotid atherosclerosis in diabetic patients compared with general population.

This study was aimed to establish an HPLC method for the content determination ofepimedin A, epimedinB,epimedinC,epimedium glycoside,baohuosideI in epimedium flavonoids capsule. The elusion was performed on an Eclipse Plus C18column (250 mm× 4.6 mm, 5μm). The mobile phase was composed of acetonitrile and water with a gradient elution. The flow rate was set at 1 mL·min-1. The detection wave length was set at 270 nm. The column temperature was 25℃. The results showed that the linear ranges of epimedin A,epimedinB,epimedinC,epimedium glycoside,baohuosideI were 3.10-62.00μg·mL-1, 5.70-114.00μg·mL-1, 9.14-182.80μg·mL-1, 15.20-304.00μg·mL-1, and 1.56-31.20μg·mL-1, respectively. The correlation coefficientr was more than 0.999 3. The average recoveries were 101.06% (RSD = 1.05%,n = 6), 100.78% (RSD = 1.08%,n = 6), 99.17% (RSD = 1.14%,n = 6), 100.23% (RSD = 0.68%,n = 6), and 99.09% (RSD = 1.30%,n = 6), respectively. This experiment was precise, reproducible and stable. It was concluded that the method was simple and accurate, which provided a certain reference value for the multi-component assaying of epimedium flavonoids capsule.

0.05)and the TNM staging (P=0.55).A mild elevated compared other pathological classification was found in small cell lung cancer (0.191?0.275).Conclusions The results showed that RFQ-PCR was suitable for measurement of the mRNA level of PLKI in bronchoscopic bioptic specimens.This study suggest elevated expression of PLK1 might play a important role in development of lung cancer,so that PLK1 might be a potential tumor marker for Lung cancers.Advanced studies will be needed to clarify that PLKI mRNA level do not relate to TNM staging and pathological classification.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Child ; Chronic Disease ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Mastoiditis ; surgery ; Middle Aged ; Otitis Media with Effusion ; surgery ; Retrospective Studies ; Young Adult

Objective To explore the changes serum S-100? in children with acute carbon monoxide poisoning and its clinical significance.Methods The levels of serum S-100? of 28 children with acute carbon monoxide poisoning and those of 20 healthy children were mea-sured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Results The serum S-100? levels of the study group and control group were(0.517?0.346)and(0.037?0.014)?g/L respectively,there was significant difference between two groups(t=6.197 P

Objective To compare predictive power for deep vein thrombosis among hip and knee joint replacement patients using Autar scale and Wells scale.Methods Convenience sampling method was used.Totally 331 patients from ten tertiary hospitals receiving hip and knee joint replacement were recruited.General information questionnaire,Autar scale and Wells scale were used to collect data.Telephone follow-up was performed at 2 weeks,1 month and 3 months after hospital discharge.The primary endpoint of follow-up was occurrence of DVT,and the secondary endpoint was no occurrence of DVT within 3 months after hospital discharge.Results The Cronbach's α coefficients of Autar scale ranged from 0.716 to 0.762 for scores 24h before operation,24h after operation and at the day of discharge,and those of Wells scale ranged from 0.580 to 0.603.The area under the ROC curve of Autar scale ranged from 0.726 to 0.798.The area under the ROC curve of Wells scale ranged from 0.568 to 0.628.Conclusion The predictive power of Autar scale was higher than that of Wells scale which enabled Autar scale to better predict deep vein thrombosis for patients receiving hip and knee joint replacement.

OBJECTIVETo search mutations in GLA gene in two Chinese families with classic Fabry disease.

METHODSTwo families with Fabry disease confirmed by pathological and clinical studies were reported here. In pedigree 1, 12 family members had paroxysmal pain on limb extremities. In pedigree 2, there were 8 patients and most of them had multi-organ involvement at the end stage of the disease. Two probands from the two families together with several of their family members were searched for mutations in GLA gene. After extraction of genomic DNA from peripheral leukocytes, all of the 7 exons and their flanking introns were amplified by PCR and directly sequenced.

RESULTSBoth the proband 1 and proband 2 were identified to be hemizygotes of novel GLA missense mutations. G132T (TGG-->TGT) mutation in exon 1, resulting in the substitution of amino acid from tryptophan to cysteine (W44C), was detected in proband 1. G874C (GCT-->CCT) mutation in exon 6, resulting in the substitution of amino acid from alanine to praline (A292P), was detected in proband 2. Mothers of the 2 probands were heterozygotes carrying the same mutation as their sons.

CONCLUSIONWe report here 2 novel missense mutations in two Chinese families with classic Fabry disease. Different mutations in the same gene can result in phenotypes with significant deviation. Several female patients with the same clinical manifestations as male patients in the 2 families suggest that the X-linked dominant inheritance of the disease, possibly related to be the random X chromosome inactivation.

Adolescent ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Base Sequence ; DNA Mutational Analysis ; Exons ; genetics ; Fabry Disease ; genetics ; Family Health ; Female ; Heterozygote ; Humans ; Male ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation, Missense ; Pedigree ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; alpha-Galactosidase ; genetics

OBJECTIVETo improve the mini-modified semi solid rappaport vassiliadis most probable number (mini-MSRV MPN) method for Salmonella detection.

METHODSBased on the mini-MSRV MPN method,Buffered Peptone Water (BPW) was modified as one step enrichment medium and Modified Semi Solid Rappaport Vassiliadis (MSRV) medium was ameliorated as modified MSRV for Salmonella detection under standard Salmonella addition recovery. A total of 154 raw chicken samples, 48 swabs of pheasantry and 48 poultry dung samples were collected to compare the detection results of Salmonella by using improved mini-MSRV MPN, mini-MSRV MPN and regular most probable number (MPN) method.

RESULTSSalmonella recovery was < 2.7 MPN/g when the standard Salmonella addition was at the concentration of 0.9 CFU/g when the mini-MSRV MPN method was employed. If the standard Salmonella addition were at 9.0 and 90.0 CFU/g, the recoveries of bacteria were 10.1 and 94.0 MPN/g, and the average recovery rate was 112% and 104%, respectively. Salmonella detection rate of modified mini-MSRV MPN, mini-MSRV MPN and regular MPN method was 18.4% (46/250), 5.2% (13/250) and 6.0% (15/250), respectively. The detection rate was higher for modified mini-MSRV MPN method than of the other two methods (χ(2) values were 19.68 and 17.82, respectively, all P values < 0.05). The detection quantity of Salmonella (medians were 21.0, < 2.7 and < 3.0 MPN/g, respectively). The quantity detected by modified mini-MSRV MPN method was higher than that of the other two methods (both Z values were 5.71, both P values < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONModified mini-MSRV MPN method is an accurate method for foodborne Salmonella detection.

Animals ; Chickens ; microbiology ; Culture Media ; Food Contamination ; analysis ; Food Inspection ; methods ; Salmonella ; isolation & purification

OBJECTIVETo investigate the prevalence of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-associated gastric carcinomas in Guangzhou, their clinicopathologic features and related protein expressions including DNMT1, p16, and cyclin D1.

METHODA total of 676 cases of EBV-associated gastric carcinoma were included in the study. The presence of EBV-encoded small RNA1 (EBER1), a marker for EBV infection, was analyzed by in-situ hybridization using formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tumor samples. Expression of EBV-encoded proteins, DNMT1, p16 and cyclin D1 were detected by immunohistochemistry.

RESULTSForty-five of 676 gastric carcinomas showed EBER intranuclear positivity in all tumor cells. EBV involvement was significantly more frequent among the male than the female patients, especially in tumors of less differentiated types (diffuse type) and involving the upper stomach (P < 0.05). EBNA1 and LMP2A expression were detected in 42 (93.3%) and 24 (53.3%) cases, respectively. None expressed EBNA2, LMP1, and ZEBRA. Among 45 cases of EBV associated gastric carcinomas, DNMT1, p16 and cyclin D1 expression were seen in 35 (77.8%), 10 (22.2%), and 29 (64.4%) cases, respectively. In contrast, among 40 EBV negative gastric carcinomas, expression of the three proteins were 20 (50.0%), 25 (62.5%) and 12 (30.0%), respectively. The difference of expression of the three proteins between the two groups was significant (P < 0.05). Expression of p16 correlated with the depth of the tumor invasion. Correlated protein expression was seen between LMP2A and DNMT1, between DNMT1 and p16, and between p16 and cyclin D1 (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSEBV associated gastric carcinoma accounts for 6.7% of gastric carcinomas in Guangzhou with the Latency I pattern in some cases and between Latency I and II in others. The correlated expression of LMP2A, DNMT1, p16 and cyclin D1 may contribute to the pathogenesis of EBV associated gastric carcinomas.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; China ; Cyclin D1 ; metabolism ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16 ; metabolism ; DNA (Cytosine-5-)-Methyltransferase 1 ; DNA (Cytosine-5-)-Methyltransferases ; metabolism ; Epstein-Barr Virus Infections ; virology ; Epstein-Barr Virus Nuclear Antigens ; metabolism ; Female ; Herpesvirus 4, Human ; isolation & purification ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Invasiveness ; RNA, Viral ; metabolism ; Sex Factors ; Stomach Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; virology ; Viral Matrix Proteins ; metabolism ; Young Adult