OBJECTIVETo analyze the changes of patients with type 2 diabetes in different stages in glucagon (GC) and free fatty acid (FFA) in fasting, OGT and L-Arg experiments, and discusses the role of pancreatic alphabeta cells in diabetes pathogenesis by studying the relations among indexes such as glucagon (GC), free fatty acid (FFA) and blood glucose (BG), insulin, insulin homeostasis model (HOMA) and glucose metabolism hormone secretion curve, in order to provide theoretical basis for the treatment of diabetes.

METHODStudy objects were divided into the T2DM group (45 cases), the IGT group (28 cases) and the NGT group (30 cases) for an OGTT experiment and then an L-Arg experiment on the next day. Under the fasting state, their blood glucose (FBG), insulin (F), glucagon (FGC), free fatty acid (FFA) were detected to calculate HOMA-beta, insulin sensitivity index (ISI) and HOMA-IR of different groups. Meanwhile, efforts were made to calculate different time quantum detected in OGTT and L-Arg experiments and area under the curve AUC(BG), AUC(INS) and AUC(GC).

RESULTObvious overall differences were observed in FFA and FGC of the three groups. FGC of each group was negatively correlated with HOMA-beta and ISI. Among all of the 103 study objects, FGC was positively correlated with FBG and HOMA-IR and negatively correlated with HOMA-beta and ISI, with no correlation with FINS; FFA was positively correlated with FBG, HOMA-IR and negatively correlated with FINS, HOMA-beta, ISI. FGC and FFA were positively correlated in the T2DM group and the IGT group, but with no statistical correlation in the NGT group. The sequence of the three study objects was T2DM > IGR > NGT in AUC(GC) in the OGTT experiment and T2DM > IGR > NGT in in AUC(GC) in the L-Arg experiment, with the significant positive correlation between AUC(GC) and AUC(BG) and significant negative correlation with AUC(INS).

CONCLUSIONGlucagon and free fatty acid of T2DM and IGT patients increased, which was positively correlated with blood glucose and HOMA-IR and negatively correlated with INS, HOMA-beta and ISI. The increase in glucagons of T2DM and IGT patients indicated inappropriate secretion of pancreatic alphabeta cells among patients with type 2 diabetes.

Adult ; Blood Glucose ; metabolism ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; metabolism ; Fatty Acids, Nonesterified ; metabolism ; Female ; Glucagon ; blood ; Humans ; Insulin ; secretion ; Islets of Langerhans ; secretion ; Male ; Middle Aged

Objective To explore the role of intercellular adhesion molecule-1(ICAM-1)and lym- phocyte function-associated antigen-I(LFA-1)in the pathogenesis of Sjgren's syndrome(SS)and provide a theoretical basis for clinical therapy.Methods Immunohistochemical method was used to detect these two cellular adhesion molecules in labial salivary glands of primary Sjgren's syndrome patients and 15 healthy controls.Semiquantitative analysis was performed by image analysis software.Results①In salivary gland samples,the expression of both ICAM-1 and LFA-1 was significantly higher compared to that of controls(P

Objective To determine the in vitro effects of the traditional Chinese medicines, berberine, matrine and baicalin, on the proliferation and lipid synthesis of human immortalized sebocyte SZ95, and to investigate their possible mechanisms of action on sebaceous glands at the cellular level. Methods Inverted microscopy was used to observe cell morphology and determine toxic concentrations of the compounds. The MTT method was adopted to examine the effects of different concentrations of berberine, matrine and baicalin on SZ95 cell proliferation after 24 h, 48 h and 72 h of incubation. Lipid contents in the SZ95 cells were labeled with Nile red and analyzed by flow cytometry. Results The toxic concentrations were 1?10-3 mol/L, 1?10-4 mol/L, 1?10-3 mol/L for baicalin, berberine and matrine, respectively. Berberine reduced sebocyte proliferation in a dose- and time-dependent manner, with an inhibitory concentration 50 (IC50) of 2.9?10-5 mol/L and 1.4?10-5 mol/L after 48 h and 72 h of incubation, respectively. When the concentration of matrine was 0.05). Lipogenesis of SZ95 cells showed a 26.9% increase with 1?10-3 mol/L matrine. Conclusions Our results indicate that berberine and baicalin can inhibit proliferation and lipid synthesis of SZ95 sebocytes in vitro, which suggests a possible clinical role in treating acne.

Background Allograft rejection is a main cause of failure of penetrating keratoplasty,especially in the patient with high risk of rejection condition.Previous study on allograft rejection mechanism focused on limbal and corneal neovascularization,but these factors did not explain all the phenomena of allograft rejection.Research found that immune cells appeared in iris and ciliary body when rejection occurred,but the relationship between these immune cells and allograft rejection is unclear Objective This study was to evaluate the relationship between diversity of vascular permeability in the iris and ciliary body and allograft rejection after penetrating keratoplasty.Methods Seventy clean eight-week-old BALB/c mice were divided into allogeneic corneal transplantation group (60 mice) and blank control group (10 mice).Allogeneic corneal transplantation was performed with the same age of C57BL/6 mice as donor and BALB/c mice as the recipients.The grafts were examined under the slit lamp microscope and scored based on the criteria of Hegde.The mice were sacrificed and iris and ciliary tissue were obtained 5,10 days and rejection after surgery.Immunohistochemistry and reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) was used respectively to detect the expression diversities of occludin,zonula occludens protein-1 (ZO-1),matrix metalloproteinase-9(MMP-9),major histocompatibility complex-Ⅱ (MHC-Ⅱ),and CCR5,CCR7 and their mRNA in iris and ciliary body.Image-J image analysis software was used to calculate the quantity of positive cells on iris wholemount,and absorbance of target genes (A values).The use and care of the experimental animals complied the ARVO Resolution on the Use of Animals in Research.Results The mean survival time of corneal gratts was (17±3) days after operation.The mean score was 0.6 in 5 days and 0.5 in 10 days,and 3.3 in 18 days after operation.Expression of ZO-1 reduced significantly,and that of MMP-9 increased obviously at the time of rejection.MHC Ⅱ + cells were scattered in iris and ciliary body in normal mice,and the number of the positive cells (cells/field) was increased after operation with a peak value when rejection occurred.A significant difference was seen between normal mice and rejection mice (1559.67±350.29 vs.4021.83±495.18) (P=0.000).The expressions of occludin mRNA and ZO-1 mRNA in the iris and ciliary body decreased obviously in the rejection mice.Compared with normal mice,theA value of ZO-1 and occluding were 36.74±3.13 vs.110.11±11.88 and 57.54±3.41 vs.59.90±3.50respectively,with significant differences between them (all P＜0.05).The expressions of MMP-9 mRNA,CCR5 mRNA and CCR7 mRNA in the iris and ciliary body increased gradually with the time lapse after operation and peaked when the rejection appeared.The A value of MMP-9 mRNA,CCR5 mRNA and CCR7 mRNA were significantly higher than those of normal mice (20.29±1.19 vs.2.77±0.85 for MMP-9 mRNA; 35.43±2.56 vs.9.11±0.29 for CCR5 mRNA,and 60.83±0.87 vs.0.89 ±0.95 for CCR7 mRNA) respectively (all P＜0.05).Conclusions The permeability of vascules in the iris and ciliary body increase during the allograft rejection after penetrating keratoplasty.Increased antigen presenting cells were also detected.

The effect of C-terminal region residues on the substrate specificity of a novel cyclic imide hydrolase (CIH), a recombinant cyclic imide hydrolase (CIH293), and its mutants deleted or substituted at C-terminus (CIH291, CIH290, KK292-293EE) was reported. The substrate specificity and kinetic parameters of the mutants were analyzed by both the spectrophotometric assay and high-performance liquid chromatography. Results show that the substrate specificity of mutants was not obviously changed, but slightly low for the affinity between the substrate and enzyme, compared with the wild-type enzyme, CIH293. In conclusion, the last three residues of CIH293 play an important role for the enzyme activity.

Objective To study the relationship between the intervals of Mitomycin C treatment and cytotoxicity, apoptosis and drug resistance for bladder cancer cells.Methods The bladder transitional cell cancer line BIU-87 was treated for two hours every time for five times with intervals of 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours respectively.Cytotoxicity was measured by MTT.p53,bcl-2,Bax and p170 expression were analyzed by Western blot.Results The IC_(50)(?g/ml)were 4.41,0.71,2.83,4.51and 6.16 with treatment intervals of 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours respectively, p53 and bcl-2 were significantly down-regulated and bcl-2/Bax was re- duced at 24 hour treatment interval but not changed at 48,72 and 96 hour intervals,p170 was not detected at 24 hour treatment interval but increasingly expressed at 48,72 and 96 hours intervals.Conclusion The in- terval of Mitomycin C treatment is closely related with cytotoxieity and apoptosis and drug resistance of blad- der cancer cells.The intervals of intravesical instillations may play an important role in the effect of chemotherapy.

This retrospective analysis compared standard regimen of doxorubicin, bleomycin, vinblastine, and dacarbazine (ABVD) with the dose-dense ABVD regimen (ABVD-21) in terms of efficacy and toxicity. Patients who had early-stage unfavorable or advanced Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL) according to German Hodgkin Study Group criteria from March 1999 to February 2011 were analyzed for treatment response, long-term survival and hematological toxicity. There were 85 patients in the ABVD-21 group and 118 patients in the ABVD group respectively. The complete remission rates after completion of treatment were 92.9% and 90.7% for ABVD-21 and ABVD, respectively. During a median follow-up period of 62 months, no significant difference was found in projected 10-year progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) rates (84.7% and 94.1% respectively for ABVD-21; 81.4% and 91.5% for ABVD). Subgroup analyses showed that ABVD-21 was significantly better than ABVD for patients with IPS≥3 in terms of PFS and OS rates. Grade 3 to 4 leukopenia (51.8% vs. 28.8%, P=0.001) and neutropenia (57.6% vs. 39.0%, P=0.009) were more common with ABVD-21. We were led to conclude that dose-dense ABVD did not result in better tumor control and overall survival than did ABVD for early-stage unfavorable HL. However, patients at high risk, for example, with IPS≥3, may benefit from dose-dense ABVD.

Forensic palynology is to apply palynology to the field of forensic science, using pollen and spores to solve issues in juridical practice, such as civil and criminal issues. Sporopollens have a small size, wide distribution, diverse morphology, can be easily transferred, have durability, and is not easily noticed. It can provide strong investigation and related evidence for case detection as good trace evidence. The application of palynology in forensic science has achieved certain success, but it is underutilized in most countries. This paper analyzes the evidence value provided by sporopollen, collection of the sporopollen samples, the progress in detection technology and challenges ahead, based on the biological characteristics of sporopollen, combined with recent successful cases in forensic science, to comprehensively discuss the research progress in forensic palynology and its application prospects in forensic science.
Botany ; Forensic Sciences ; Pollen ; Spores

The aim of the present study is to investigate the effects of adiponectin (APN) on hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) injury in cultured cardiomyocytes. Primary cardiomyocytes were obtained from neonatal rats by enzymatic digestion method and identified by immunofluorescent technique. Primary cells cultured for 72 h were used in experiment and divided into 5 groups randomly: Control group, H/R group, H/R+APN group, H/R+APN+adenine 9-beta-D-arabinfuranoside (AraA, AMPK inhibitor) group, and H/R+AraA group. The cardiocyte morphology and beating rate were observed under inverted microscope. The DNA ladder was examined by agarose gel electrophoresis, and the cell apoptosis was determined by flow cytometry. Moreover, the malondialchehyche (MDA) content in myocardial cells and the superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in the supernatant were measured using kits, the fluorescence intensity of intracellular Ca2+ was observed by laser scanning confocal microscope, and the phosphorylation of AMPK was determined by Western blotting. Compared with control group, H/R group showed increased apoptotic rate, oxidative stress level, intracellular Ca2+ concentration and phosphorylation level of AMPK (P<0.05), while significant ameliorations in the above indices were seen in H/R+APN group. On the contrast, AraA attenuated the protective effect of APN and decreased the phosphorylation of AMPK. These results suggest that adiponectin can protect cardiomyocytes from H/R-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis through AMPK pathway.
AMP-Activated Protein Kinases ; metabolism ; Adiponectin ; pharmacology ; Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Calcium ; metabolism ; Cardiotonic Agents ; pharmacology ; Cell Hypoxia ; Cells, Cultured ; Female ; Male ; Myocardial Reperfusion Injury ; prevention & control ; Myocytes, Cardiac ; cytology ; Oxidative Stress ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Signal Transduction ; drug effects

Estrogen receptors (ERs) are members of nuclear receptors and related to several diseases such as cancer, inflammation and osteoporosis. ERs have two forms, ERα and ERβ, which have different functions and organism distributions. Compounds selectively targeting ERβ can regulate important physiological functions and avoid the side effects caused by targeting ERα. Therefore, selective ERβ ligands have received considerable research interest in recent years. In this article, different kinds of selective ERβ ligands were summarized and their structure-activity relationships were also analyzed.
Estrogen Receptor beta ; chemistry ; Humans ; Ligands ; Structure-Activity Relationship