The beginning of stomatology education in China is much later than America,and the education model is different from each other. This article compares the educational system,the requirements of enrollment and teaching between College of Stomatology of Shanghai Jiao Tong University and 12 Faculties of Dentistry in America,so as to find both the similarities and the dif-ferences,and then give some advice to improve the education system of stomatology in China.

Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; Female ; Hyperbaric Oxygenation ; Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain ; physiopathology ; therapy ; Nerve Growth Factor ; pharmacology ; Nerve Regeneration ; drug effects ; physiology ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar

·α-crystallin is the predominant structural protein in the lens.lt is a member of small heat shock proteins ( sHSPs) which has the common functions of HSPs.lt also has anti-apoptotic activity etc.Recently, it has been proved to combine with the cellular membrane of retinal ganglion cells ( RGCs ) to enhance the survival of RGCs and the regeneration of axons, thereby partly restore visual function.But we haven’t come to a unified conclusion of the mechanism.This review is focused on structure and functions of α-crystallin, the protection function and mechanism of α-crystallin towards RGCs after the optic nerve injury.

Objective: To observe the clinical efficacy of moxibustion therapy plus Liu's pediatric massage (tuina) for children with recurrent respiratory tract infections due to qi deficiency of spleen and lung. Methods: A total of 60 children who met the inclusion criteria were divided into an observation group and a control group according to the visiting sequence, with 30 cases in each group. Children in the observation group were treated with moxibustion therapy plus Liu's pediatric massage, and those in the control group were treated with Liu's pediatric massage alone. The incidence of respiratory tract infections and traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) symptoms score were observed and recorded in both groups before and after treatment. And the clinical efficacy was compared between the two groups. Results: The total effective rate of the observation group was 93.3％, and that of the control group was 83.3％. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P<0.05). After treatment, the TCM symptoms score and total times of infections in both groups were all statistically different from those before treatment (all P<0.05). The differences in TCM symptoms score and infection frequency before and after treatment in the observation group were statistically different from those in the control group (both P<0.05). Conclusion: Moxibustion therapy plus Liu's pediatric massage has a better effect in improving the clinical symptoms and reducing the frequency of respiratory tract infections for children with recurrent respiratory tract infections due to qi deficiency of spleen and lung than the pediatric massage alone.

ABSTRACT:In the present study ,we aimed to identify differentially expressed proteins between induced worms (the infec‐ted mice were treated intragastrically with ED50 PZQ) and uninduced worms (control group) for clarifying the mechanism of PZQ .ED50 PZQ was used to administrate mice that were infected with S .japonicum via intragastric incubation for consecutive‐ly 30 days .Twenty‐one days later ,mice were sacrificed after treatment with 200 mg/kg PZQ for continuously five days ,and the male worms were obtained and some of them were subjected in DMEM medium with different concentrations of PZQ in vitro for 16 hours .Then the worms were washed twice and incubated in PZQ‐free medium for 72 hours .Compared with control group ,the induced worms had lesser sensitivity to PZQ .The survival rate of induced worms was 75 .6% in vitro when the con‐centration of PZQ was 112 mol/L (the concentration was 8 times of uninduced worms Lethal Concentration ) ,significantly higher than that in the uninduced worms (11 .1% ,P<0 .05) ,showing obviously tolerance .The other induced and uninduced worms were acquired and collected for 2D‐DIGE and MALDI‐TOF‐MS ,and combined with bioinformatics to analyse the func‐tion of the identified protein .Thirty differential expression proteins were confirmed between induced and uninduced worms ,in‐cluding 12 proteins up‐regulated and 18 proteins down‐regulated .These proteins respectively ascribed to cytoskeleton‐associat‐ed protein ,glucose and energy metabolism enzymes ,stress proteins ,thioredoxin peroxidase enzymes ,and other protease .Up‐or down‐regulation of these differential proteins indicated that PZQ promote or inhibit the expression of some specific genes . These findings may help to clarify the mechanism of PZQ ,simultaneously ,providing a scientific basis for exploring new vaccine candidate antigens and targets for drug therapy .

Adolescent ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 6 ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Loss of Heterozygosity ; Male ; Microsatellite Repeats ; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma ; genetics

Objective To study the effects of tanshinone on the cultured immortalized human sebocytes and explore the mechanism of action of tanshinone in the treatment of acne. Methods MTT assay was applied to determine the effects of cryptotanshinone and tanshinone Ⅱ? at different concentrations on the proliferation of SZ95 sebocytes in 24 h, 48 h and 72 h after incubation. Lipid contents labeled with Nile red in SZ95 cells were analyzed by flow cytometry technique, and the expression of androgen receptor (AR) mRNA of SZ95 cells were detected by RT-PCR. Results Both cryptotanshinone and tanshinoneⅡ? inhibited the proliferation of SZ95 cells in a dose- and time-dependent mode, with the 50% inhibition concentration (IC50) of 7.473 ?mol/L (in 48 h) and 2.146?mol/L (in 72 h) for cryptotanshinone and 6.021 ?mol/L (in 48 h) and 2.25 ?mol/L (in 72 h) for tanshinone Ⅱ?. Additionally, as compared with the control group, the lipid content of SZ95 cells exposed to tanshinone Ⅱ? at 0.125?mol/L was decreased in 48h (P

The paper is to report the pharmacokinetic character of a series of chemical compounds in vitro and in vivo. Metabolism stability of a series of chemical compounds was screened by using rat liver microsomes. The samples of different chemical compounds were combined and then simultaneously detected by LC-MS/MS. Compounds y13, y12 and y11 were screened out by microstability assay in vitro. The pharmacokinetics of compounds y11, y12 and y13 was evaluated by using SD rat. The plasma samples were pooled at the same time. The plasma concentrations were determined by LC-MS/MS. The pharmacokinetic character of two compounds y13, y11 was good by screening in vivo, so they were developed for further research. High-throughput screening of drug candidates in vitro and in vivo was effective, to provide information for the chemical structure information and lower the drug development risk.
Animals ; Chromatography, Liquid ; methods ; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical ; methods ; Female ; High-Throughput Screening Assays ; methods ; Male ; Microsomes, Liver ; metabolism ; Pharmaceutical Preparations ; administration & dosage ; blood ; metabolism ; Pharmacokinetics ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization ; methods

OBJECTIVE: To determine the effects of nano-hydroxyapatite(nano-HAP)on the proliferation and activity of rat dental papilla cells(RDPCs)in vitro, and to evaluate the feasibility of using nano-hydroxyapatite(nano-HAP)as dental papilla cell scaffold in dental tissue engineering. METHODS: RDPCs cultured with the porous nano-HAP in vitro served as the experimental group, and the routine culture of RDPCs in flasks served as the control. Scanning electronic microscope was used to observe the growth and adherence of the RDPCs to nano-HAP. Cell proliferation, cellular protein content, and alkaline phosphatase(ALP) were detected to assess the cellular activities. RESULTS: RDPCs proliferated well, and adhered to the outer and inner surface of the nano-HAP scaffold. Compared with the control group, cells in the experimental group presented higher proliferation on 6 d and 8 d and higher cellular protein content on 6 d and 9 d. No significant difference was detected in the ALP activity in the 2 groups. CONCLUSION RDPCs seeded into nano-HAP grow better and have more vigorous cellular activity, suggesting that nano-HAP has excellent biocompatibility with dental papilla cells, and it can serve as a promising scaffold for dental tissue engineering.
Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; Biocompatible Materials ; pharmacology ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Cells, Cultured ; Dental Papilla ; cytology ; ultrastructure ; Durapatite ; pharmacology ; Microscopy, Electron ; Nanoparticles ; Nanotechnology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Tissue Engineering ; methods ; Tissue Scaffolds

OBJECTIVETo investigate the relation between lipoprotein (a) (LP(a)) and cerebral infarction in young adults.

METHODSSerum LP(a) of 90 young adults (age below 45 years) with cerebral infarction was measured. Serum lipids include triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high density lipoprotein cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, apolipoprotein A-I (ApoA-I) and apolipoprotein B (ApoB) were also measured. Other possible risk factors such as hypertension, smoking, drinking and family stroke history were reviewed.

RESULTSThere was no significant difference of serum LP(a) value between stroke patients and controls. TG (P < 0.01) and ApoB (P < 0.01) values in patients with cerebral infarction were significant higher than those in controls. Lipoprotein (a) was correlated with total cholesterol and low density lipoprotein cholesterol, with the values of correlation coefficient (r) 0.28 and 0.23 (both P < 0.01). After adjustment for age, sex, hypertension, smoking, drinking alcohol, family stroke history and other serum lipids, the odd radio for LP(a) and cerebral infarction was 0.74 (95% CI: 0.27 - 1.98). The odd radio for elevated TG was 3.57 (95% CI: 1.34 - 9.49); The odd ratios for hypertension, heart diseases and smoking as risk factors for cerebral infarction in young patients showed as: hypertension OR = 8.18, 95% CI: 2.54 - 26.33; heart diseases: OR = 8.51, 95% CI: 2.27 - 31.85; smoking: OR = 3.21, 95% CI: 1.27 - 8.13.

CONCLUSIONLP(a) might not be a risk factor for cerebral infarction in young patients while elevated triglyceride, hypertension, heart diseases and smoking were important risk factors in young adults with cerebral infarction.

Adult ; Age Factors ; Cerebral Infarction ; blood ; epidemiology ; etiology ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Hypertension ; complications ; Lipoprotein(a) ; blood ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Risk Factors ; Smoking ; adverse effects ; Triglycerides ; blood