Guizhi Fuling Capsule (GZFL), composed of Cassia Twig, Pachyma Cocos, Cortex Moutan, Radices Paeoniae Alba, and Peach Kernel, is a compound Chinese medicine preparation refined by modern technology. Modern pharmacology study shows that GZFL has pharmacological activities such as anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antitumor, smooth muscle relaxing, endocrine adjusting, and immunity enhancing activities. GZFL can be used in treatment of gynecological disease such as uterine fibroids, pelvic inflammatory disease, dysmenorrheal, and endometriosis in clinic, and it can be also used for the treatment of varicocele, hyperplasia of prostate, stroke, and carotid atherosclerosis. The phase II clinical trials of GZFL in treatment of primary dysmenorrhea in the United States of America have already finished. This paper makes a systematic review of the pharmacological activities and clinical applications of GZFL in recent years, in order to provide reference for its further development and utilization.

Objective To study the relationship between the genetic polymorphisms of carboxylesterase 1 gene (CESI) and the susceptibility to antituberculosis drug-induced hepatotoxicity (ATBDIH).Methods Genetic polymorphisms of CES1 in 473 tuberculosis patients with or without hepatotoxicity (200∶ 273) after antituberculosis chemotherapy were analyzed by PCR-MassArray.Results In4 tags of CES1 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP),the frequency of the rs1968753 allele had statistical difference between the hepatotoxicity group and the no-hepatotoxicity group ( P =0.0236 ).The characteristics of anti-hepatotoxicity had been shown relationship with rs8192950 ( P =0.044,OR =0.649,95％ CI =0.426-0.989,AC/AA ) and rs1968753 ( P =0.048,OR =0.556,95％ CI =0.311-0.995,GG/AA).The diplotypes with ‘ CGC' haplotype exhibited significant protection against hepatotoxicity at one copy (P=0.048,OR=0.654,95％CI=0.430-0.996).Conclusions The genetic polymorphisms of CESI might have significant association with ATBDIH.SNP rs8192950 AC genotype and rs1968753 GG genotype might be the candidates for risk prediction of ATBDIH.

The traditional fermentation engineering experiment requires a reform on the experimental con-tents and teaching pattern. According to the production process of industrial enzymes, we set up a two-week comprehensive experiment. The students designed and prepared the experiment by themselves. Moreover, the pattern of self-management was used in the process and the experiment scores included the self-assess-ment and objective assessment. It was proved that the new teaching pattern increased the study interesting of students, inspired their initiative and trained their spirits of team cooperation. The teaching effect was im-proved markedly and good ideas are also put forward to solve the possible problem.

The teaching of the Fermentation Engineering Experiment in normal university must serve for the basic education,placing students' creative spirit and practical ability in the first place.Therefore,teaching reform of the Fermentation Engineering Experiment under the background of new curriculum reform of basic education should be studied from the curriculum content,teaching methodology,training pattern and as-sessment system,in order to cultivate the normal-university students' research ability,working attitude,crea-tive and teaching ability.

Objective To establish a network laboratory for blood cell analysis and better calibrate haematology analyzers in local lab.Methods According to GB/T 15481《General requirements for the competence testing and calibration laboratories》(idt ISO/IEC 17025),we established a network laboratory providing traceability for blood cell analysis.Complete blood count was traced to Calibration Laboratory in NCCL;The secondary standard haematology analyzer with the same model and calibrator with same lot number were used for verification for a long period.Fresh blood from healthy people was used to calibrate haematology analyzers.Results Gradually we have improved our laboratory quality management system, precision as well as accuracy,which was satisfactory.The unified blood sample was adopted to calibrate different equipments in our hospital and showed consistence when compared with calibration analyzer.The correlation coefficient of all tests is more than 0.99.The relative deviation of WBC,RBC,HCT,HGB and PLT are within?7%,?3.5%,?4%,?3% and?15%,respectively.Conclusions Secondary standard systems provides good comparable results with calibration laboratory.Its tracing mode and quality control scheme could ensure the traceability and accuracy of completed blood count.Furthermore,using elective fresh blood from healthy people,the comparable results from different analyzers were achievable.

Serum cortisol and plasma ACTH were determined in 10 patients with severe sepsis and 12 with septic shock on day 1,3,5 after diagnosis were made,and the data were compared with 12 control patients. To evaluate the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal(HPA)axis function in patients with severe sepsis and septic shock,1?g ACTH stimulation test was applied after hormone concentrations were obtained on day 1.Compared with the control patients,ACTH level was significantly higher in patients with severe sepsis and lower in septic shock(P

Pneumocephalus is the presence of air in the cranial vault. The common etiologies of pneumocephalus are brain trauma and cranial surgery. We report a case of a 26-year-old man with brain trauma who developed diffuse pneumocephalus after sneezing. CT scan was performed on arrival, and the image showed subarachnoid hemorrhage without pneumocephalus. On the seventh day after a big sneeze brain CT scan was re-performed, which showed pneumocephalus. After another ten days of treatment, the patient was discharged without any symptoms.
Adult ; Brain Injuries ; complications ; diagnostic imaging ; therapy ; Humans ; Male ; Pneumocephalus ; diagnostic imaging ; etiology ; therapy ; Sneezing ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Drug metabolism studies, including in vivo and in vitro metabolism studies, are significant in the design of candidate compounds and screening of lead compounds at drug discovery/development stages. Compared with in vivo metabolism studies, in vitro metabolism studies have the advantages of rapidity, simplicity, without consumption of large amounts of samples and animals. Moreover, it is convenient for researchers to observe the selective interaction between compound and target. Therefore, in vitro metabolism studies are appropriate for high throughput screening of compounds which are lack of metabolism information and have been widely used during drug discovery stages. This article briefly introduced the application of in vitro drug metabolism studies based on the metabolic stability, reaction phenotyping and metabolic drug-drug interactions, aiming to raise valuable evaluation strategies for innovative drug discovery in China.
Animals ; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System ; metabolism ; Drug Design ; Drug Discovery ; methods ; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical ; Drug Interactions ; Drug Stability ; Glucuronosyltransferase ; metabolism ; Humans ; Pharmaceutical Preparations ; metabolism ; Phenotype

BACKGROUNDChina is the most severe endemic area of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) in the world with 30,000-50,000 cases reported annually, which accounts for more than 90% of total number of cases worldwide. The incidence rate of the syndrome in Shandong Province is one of the highest in China, which has ever reached 50 per 100,000 persons per year. However, the molecular characteristics of hantaviruses (HV) epidemic in Shandong Province remain unclear. Therefore it is useful to clarify nucleotide sequence and phylogenetic characteristics of HV isolated in Shandong Province in order to provide better advices to control and prevent HFRS.

METHODSRNAs were extracted from sera of clinically diagnosed patients and positive rodent lungs that were detected by indirect immunofluorescent assay (IFA). Partial M segments of HV were amplified from the RNAs with reverse transcription nested polymerase chain reactions (nested PCR) using hantavirus genotype specific primers. The nested PCR products were sequenced and compared with those from previously epidemic isolates in Shandong and with other representative HV sequences from GenBank. Phylogenetic tree analyses were performed based on the sequences of the M genes.

RESULTSThirty-four HV isolates in Shandong showed 67.1%-100% nucleotide identities. The nucleotide homologies among 6 Hantaan viruses (HTNV) isolates in Shandong were 78.1%-98.7%, while the homologies among 28 Seoul virus (SEOV) isolates in Shandong were 93.7%-100%. There were at least 3 subtypes HTNV (H2, H5, H9) and 2 subtypes SEOV (S2, S3) in Shandong Province.

CONCLUSIONSIn Shandong Province, the homologies of HTNV were lower and there were no predominant subtypes, while the homologies of SEOV were higher and S3 was the predominant subtype. The homologies of SEOV from rodents were higher than those from patients. The distribution of subtypes in Shandong was similar to that of the adjoining provinces. Phylogenetic analyses of the sequences showed geographic clustering of HV in Shandong.

Animals ; Antigens, Viral ; analysis ; Base Sequence ; Genetic Variation ; Hantavirus ; classification ; genetics ; Humans ; Lung ; virology ; Phylogeny ; RNA, Viral ; analysis ; Rodentia ; virology

OBJECTIVETo design an animal model to study the facial transplantation of allografts in rabbits.

METHODSLivid blue rabbits and New Zealand white rabbits was applied as experiment animal, to harvest hemifacial composite-tissue flap based in the common external carotid artery with the branch of the external mandibular artery and auricularis magna artery, then allotransplantation was performed with the livid blue rabbits as recipient while new Zealand rabbits as donor, the immunosuppressive agent comprised ciclosporin, azamun and prednisone. 25 couples of rabbits were divided three groups. Group A, 5 couples of rabbits, no administered immunosuppressive agent and the artery anastomosis with end-to-end. Group B, 10 couples of rabbits, administered immunosuppressive agent and the artery anastomosis with end-to-end. Group C, 10 couples of rabbits, administered immunosuppressive agent and the artery anastomosis with end-to-side. Postoperative, to observe the survive ratio of animal and composite-tissue flap, verified the practicability of model further.

RESULTSThe blood supply of hemifacial composite-tissue flap is rich after allotransplantation. The survive ratio wasn't different with different procedure of the external carotid artery anastomosis.

CONCLUSIONSThis is a successful model of composite face flap transplantation in the rabbits.

Animals ; Facial Transplantation ; Models, Animal ; Rabbits ; Transplantation, Homologous